我们知道新概念第二册第一课是这样的:
A Private Conversation Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. "I can't hear a word!" I said angrily. "It's none of your business," the young man said rudely. "This is a private conversation!"
真正在学习区的训练方法,我认为A. J. Hoge的单句自问自答法是可以吸收的,详情请看:强大的口语自我训练方法
但仅仅对单句进行自问自答还不够,因为当你要向别人讲述一个故事时,从哪里开始实际上是随机的,你必须能做到无论从哪里开始都能把故事讲圆了。
想一下母语的情况,比如:
我在市里逛的时候突然下雨了,幸亏我在公交上,一直没下车,等到雨停了才下去。所以我没有挨淋。
这段话如果我要向朋友讲起来,实际上我可能从任何话题点切入:
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从“雨”切入:雨好大呀!但我没挨淋。我一直在公交车里了,等到雨停了才下去。
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从“我在公交车里”切入:我正在坐公交的时候,突然下起来了,我没法下车,一直等到雨停了才下去。
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从“我没挨淋”切入:今天很幸运没被雨浇!下雨时我恰好在公交里,我一直等到雨停了才下车。
我们对母语的使用,正是基于“无论从哪个点切入我都可以把故事讲完整”这种能力,才使得我们永远从容不迫,侃侃而谈,而不会像背诵模板应付考试或通过背诵稿子来做演讲那种,如果某句话突然想不起来了,自己一下子就陷入了恐慌,导致整体的混乱失控。
另外,我们用母语向别人讲一个故事时从不担心会忘词,不担心有的意思表达不出来,完全是因为作为母语使用者,我们早已经把“每个想法都可以用多种方式表达出来”作为兜底的能力手到擒来了,所以哪怕在讲的时候某个词汇想不起来了,我们也会用更简单的替换词或者用解释的方式来传达基本相同的意义。
英语之所以我们在表达想法时总是担心因忘词而无法表达,或者怕因为其中某句话一时想不起来而导致卡壳(事实上,这种担心是有道理的,因为在现场真的可能出现这种情况),就是因为我们平时没有训练出母语那种强大的“兜底”能力,这种能力上面说到的两大类:
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能用多种方式表达同一个意思的能力
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无论从哪里切入都能把话讲圆的能力
我们以本文开头的新概念文章为例,如果要实现自由复述,我们需要能够做到:
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假如我从good seat开始讲,该怎么说?(Last week, I got a good seat in the theater. But I didn't enjoy the play...)
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假如我从talking loudly开始讲,该怎么说?(I hate people talking loudly in a theater! That's why I was really annoyed by a man and a woman sitting behind me...)
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假如我从turned around开始讲,该怎么说?(Last week, I had to turn around again and again in the theater. I couldn't even enjoy the play. Because...)
……
我们会发现,哪怕没有实时交流的时间压力,我们在输出这些句子时也不是那么容易的,经常需要查证与核实那些表达是否符合母语习惯,更不要说在没任何训练的情况下去实际表达了。
所以对外语表达困难的担忧都是有道理的,那都是一种信号,在提醒我们需要在某些地方下功夫;但具体在哪里下功夫,又是一个非常大的挑战,不找专业人士是无法解决的。
“多种表达”和“随意切入”是实现母语式流畅表达的关键,如果我们把这两方面训练做到位了,本文开头的新概念文章就可以张口就来地向他人复述了:
版本一:
Last week I was watching a play in a theater, and was really annoyed by a man and woman behind me. They were talking so loud that I couldn't hear the actors.
版本二:
Last week, I got a good seat in a theater. But I didn't enjoy the play. A man and a woman were sitting behind me and they kept talking loudly! I couldn't even hear the actors.
版本三:
It's really annoying to be bothered in a theater by the sound of others' talking. And that's what happend to me last week...
只有一小步一小步地在学习区内,对可能用到的句式进行反复的语音输出训练,达到脱口而出,最后我们才能真正实现用自己的话复述一个故事。
而语音输出训练,包括基础发音和句子节奏两大前提。
最后,一个建议:
把时间和金钱用在自我提升上,才是永远不会后悔的事。
原文始发于微信公众号(简易学学英语):如何用《新概念英语》自学表达?
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