美国可卡犬哪个颜色贵

 中英图文版标准

　　【整体外貌】美国可卡犬是猎犬中最小型的成员。它具有结实紧凑的身体并且轮廓分明,头部精细,全身匀称而且体形大小合乎标准。

     前腿直立支撑肩部,背线略向肌肉发达的强健后躯倾斜。它既有相当的速度又有巨大的耐力。

     首先它必须是自由而欢乐的,身体结实,全身匀称,行动中明显倾向于工作。全身匀称的犬比身体优、缺点对比明显的犬更受欢迎。

                                         

                                      

        

     【大小,比例和结构】大小——成年公犬的理想肩高是38.1厘米,成年母犬则为35.6厘米,可在标准高度上下2.5厘米,公犬肩高超过39.4厘米或母犬超过36.8厘米将取消资格。

     成年公犬肩高少于14.5英寸或成年母犬少于34.3厘米将受处罚。测量高度是从肩的肩胛骨到地面的垂直线的量度,测量时前腿自然站立,后腿放低以保证与测量线平行。

     比例——从胸骨到臀后部的距离略大于从肩部最高点到地面的距离,身体必须足够长以保持直而自由的方步。

         

             

               

     

       【头部】要使头部合乎比例,头部必须与身体其余部分相称,这体现在以下方面:表情——智慧、警觉、柔和而有感染力。

        眼睛——眼球圆形而丰满,向前直视,眼边使眼略呈杏仁形,眼不虚弱或瞪眼,虹膜为深褐色,一般颜色越深越好。耳部——呈小叶片状,长,细茸质,饰毛发达,位置不高手眼下部水平线。

       颅部——浑圆但不夸张,无平坦的趋势；眉毛清晰,额鼻阶明显。眼下的骨质结构轮廓清晰而颊部不突出。吻部宽而深,具有方形平齐的颌,由额鼻阶至鼻尖的距离为额鼻阶向上翘过头顶至颅基部距离的一半。

       鼻——鼻大得足以使吻和颜面部平衡,鼻孔发达,为猎犬类典型鼻孔；黑色、黑色带黄褐色和黑色带白色个体的鼻子为黑色,其他毛色个体的鼻可能为褐色、肝色或黑色,颜色越深越好,鼻色与眼边颜色协调。

       唇——上唇丰满,深飞得可以覆盖下颌。牙齿——强健而坚实,不过小,剪状咬合。

                                               

                  

 

　　【颈部,背线和躯干】颈——颈长足以使鼻轻易伸达地面,颈肌肉发达而无下垂的皮肤,颈强有力地伸起,并略呈拱形逐渐与头部相接。

      背线沿强健的腰部微微倾斜。躯干——胸部深,其最低点不高于肘部,其前部宽使心和肺有足够的空间,但并不干扰前腿向前运动。

      肋骨深而扩张良好。背强壮,沿肩到断尾的尾根均匀而略向下倾斜。

      已截断的尾与背线相平或略高，但绝不像更犬那样竖立或低得表现出胆怯,行动时尾部运动轻快。

            

                                    

                  

   

             

              

【前躯】肩胛向后仰,与上臂形成约90度角,使其前腿在运动中可以轻松地向前伸出。肩胛整齐而倾斜不突出,使肩最高点成一角度以便肋骨得以伸展,从前腿垂直侧面观,肘部正好在肩胛最高点下方,前腿平行、直、骨骼强健、肌肉发达,在肩胛骨下与躯干紧密连接,掌节短而有力,前腿的狼爪可以切除,脚大而紧凑,圆形,有角质脚垫,既不向内翻也不外翻。        

                                               

                           

                                  

  

【后躯】臀部宽,肌肉发达,后躯呈浑圆状。行动或静止时后腿均平行,后腿的骨骼和肌肉强健,膝关节良好,强健,大腿整齐有力,在行动或站立时无滑动现象,飞节强健,近地面，后腿的狼爪可以切除。

   

    【被毛】头部被毛短而细；躯干部长度适中,有足够厚的绒毛层。耳、胸、腹部和腿有良好的饰毛,但又不过多以至掩盖可卡犬的真正线条和运动，或影响其作为猎犬的外貌和功能。被毛质地是最重要的。被毛丝状，平坦或略有波纹，被毛质地易于护理。被毛过盛或卷曲或棉花状将视作缺陷。被毛用电器修剪是不允许的。为体现真实的线条而进行的修整应该尽可能地呈现出自然状态。

         

　　【毛色和斑点】黑色型——单一黑色，包括黑色带黄褐色点，黑色应乌黑发亮；被毛光泽中有褐色或肝色晕是不受欢迎的，允许在胸部和喉部有少量白色，其他任何部位出现白色将取消资格。

   

    非黑色的任何单色——从最淡的奶油色到最浓的红色，包括棕色或棕色带黄褐色点，被毛浓淡一致，但饰毛色较淡是允许的，允许胸部和喉部有少量白色，其他任何部位出现白色将取消资格。

    

     杂色型——两种或更多界限分明而完全分裂的色斑，其中一种色斑必须为白色；黑色带白色，红色带白色(红色可从最淡的奶油色到最浓的红色)，棕色带白色，花毛色，也包括此种色型带褐色点。褐色斑点的位置最好与黑色型和非黑色的任何单色型的模式相同，有色毛和白毛混杂的花毛型被分为杂色型，可以是任何通常的花毛模式。

       

    

  

   主要色占90%或更多将取消资格。褐色斑点:褐色可以从最淡的奶油色到最浓的红色，应限于在个体毛色的10%或更少，褐色斑点超过此比例将取消资格。

   黑色型或非黑色单色型有褐色斑点时，斑点的位置如下：(1)两眼下方各有一清晰的褐色斑。(2)吻两侧和两颊。(3)耳的下面。(4)四脚和腿。(5)尾下。(6)胸部。可选择性，有无斑点均不受处罚。褐色斑点不易看清或数量太少时也不符合标准。吻上为褐色向上延伸而汇合时也将扣分。黑色型或非黑色型的任何上述指定位置无褐色斑点而有其他褐色斑点的个体将取消资格。

                     

              

                 

  

    【步态】美国可卡犬虽然是最小的猎犬，仍具有典型的猎犬步态。运动良好的前提是前躯和后躯的平衡。后躯推动有力，而结构适当的肩部和前腿能够无拘束地大步前伸以平衡后躯的推动力。步态协调、平衡而毫不费力。这种犬必须通过其动作趴伏在地面上，丰富的情趣不会导致错误的步态。

                                         

           

                       【性格】性情平稳而无羞怯的迹象。

　　1992年5月12日批准

　　1992年6月30日生效

　　品种历史

　　可卡犬家族是相当古老的一大类猎犬,追溯到1386年就有'西班尼'的提法,把它分为两类,即陆猎犬和水猎犬。陆猎犬又可按体形大小进一步划分,'可卡犬'和小型或玩具猎犬从大型犬中划分出来。然后,由于可卡犬和玩具犬不同的用途,它们又被再次划分,玩具犬最终成为英国玩具猎犬,它主要是作为宠物犬和伴侣犬,而可卡犬仍保留在猎犬中,这就是可卡犬为什么是猎犬家族中体形最小的原因。

                                     

    作为猎人有效的助手,可卡犬最初有各种名字,其中有'可卡'、'鸟猎犬',最后是可卡猎犬。根据一些有说服力的资料,这个名字起源于其能熟练地猎捕山鹄。直到1883年,可卡犬才被分类并安排在英国参加犬展,而且直到1892年,它才作为独立品种被写入英格兰养犬俱乐部的犬血统记录册中。

                         

　　从19世纪80年代初开始,可卡犬在美国参加犬展,经培育后,美国可卡犬在体形、大小和毛色上都与现在的英国可卡犬有所不同。

                   

　　1924年可卡犬狩猎检测俱乐部对美国的可卡犬进行了狩猎测试。经过适当训练,它能成为有效的枪猎犬。通常的狩猎方法是在射击范围内让它搜索,惊起猎物时它应停下来或更好地采取坐姿以免干扰射击,射击后按命令捡拾猎物。当然,应当把犬训练得所有任务都始终在控制下完成,偶尔也可以从水中捡拾猎物,而且能敏捷地在水中进出。

　　作为有价值的猎犬,可卡犬所具有的许多特性、品质,使它成为家庭极其喜爱的伙伴。几乎就在它出现在犬展竞争赛场的同时,它就成为了流行品种。它精力充沛,经训练后动作灵敏,富有智慧和感情以及快乐无比。由于它不断地摇动尾巴,使美丽的可卡犬在各国深受喜爱。 （全文完）

          

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                            The Standard

   

   The newly illustrated "Blue Book, The Study of the Cocker Spaniel," is now available for sale. This wonderful book, a must for all Cocker Spaniel fanciers, can be ordered from the ASC Secretary. Send your check or money order (in U.S. funds only) for $12 (includes shipping and handling) or $14 outside the U.S., made payable to:
American Spaniel Club, Inc.
P. O. Box 4194

                       

Size, Proportion, Substance

Size-The ideal height at the withers for an adult dog is 15 inches and for an adult bitch, 14 inches. Height may vary one-half inch above or below this ideal. A dog whose height exceeds 15-1/2 inches or a bitch whose height exceeds 14-1/2 inches shall be disqualified. An adult dog whose height is less than 14-1/2 inches and an adult bitch whose height is less than 13-1/2 inches shall be penalized. Height is determined by a line perpendicular to the ground from the top of the shoulder blades, the dog standing naturally with its forelegs and lower hind legs parallel to the line of measurement. Proportion-The measurement from the breast bone to back of thigh is slightly longer than the measurement from the highest point of withers to the ground. The body must be of sufficient length to permit a straight and free stride; the dog never appears long and low.

Head

   To attain a well proportioned head, which must be in balance with the rest of the dog, it embodies the following:

   

    Expression-The expression is intelligent, alert, soft and appealing.

    Eyes-Eyeballs are round and full and look directly forward. The shape of the eye rims gives a slightly     almond shaped appearance; the eye is not weak or goggled. The color of the iris is dark brown and     in general the darker the better.

    Ears-Lobular, long, of fine leather, well feathered, and placed no higher than a line to the lower part       of the eye.

    Skull-Rounded but not exaggerated with no tendency toward flatness; the eyebrows are clearly               defined with a pronounced stop. The bony structure beneath the eyes is well chiseled with no                 prominence in the cheeks. The muzzle is broad and deep, with square even jaws. To be in correct         balance, the distance from the stop to the tip of the nose is one half the distance from the stop up         over    the crown to the base of the skull.

 

    Nose-of sufficient size to balance the muzzle and foreface, with well developed nostrils typical of a         sporting dog. It is black in color in the blacks, black and tans, and black and whites; in other colors it     may be brown, liver or black, the darker the better. The color of nose harmonizes with the color of the     eye rim.

    Lips-The upper lip is full and of sufficient depth to cover the lower jaw.

    Teeth-Teeth strong and sound, not too small and meet in a scissors bite.

Neck, Topline, Body

    Neck-The neck is sufficiently long to allow the nose to reach the ground easily, muscular and free         from pendulous "throatiness." It rises strongly from the shoulders and arches slightly as it tapers to     join the head.

   Topline-sloping slightly toward muscular quarters.

   Body-The chest is deep, its lowest point no higher than the elbows, its front sufficiently wide for              adequate heart and lung space, yet not so wide as to interfere with the straightforward movement of      the forelegs. Ribs are deep and well sprung. Back is strong and sloping evenly and slightly                downward from the shoulders to the set-on of the docked tail. The docked tail is set on and carried on   a line with the topline of the back, or slightly higher; never straight up like a Terrier and never so low      as to indicate timidity. When the dog is in motion the tail action is merry.

Forequarters

The shoulders are well laid back forming an angle with the upper arm of approximately 90 degrees which permits the dog to move his forelegs in an easy manner with forward reach. Shoulders are clean-cut and sloping without protrusion and so set that the upper points of the withers are at an angle which permits a wide spring of rib. When viewed from the side with the forelegs vertical, the elbow is directly below the highest point of the shoulder blade. Forelegs are parallel, straight, strongly boned and muscular and set close to the body well under the scapulae. The pasterns are short and strong. Dewclaws on forelegs may be removed. Feet compact, large, round and firm with horny pads; they turn neither in nor out.

Hindquarters

Hips are wide and quarters well rounded and muscular. When viewed from behind, the hind legs are parallel when in motion and at rest. The hind legs are strongly boned, and muscled with moderate angulation at the stifle and powerful, clearly defined thighs. The stifle is strong and there is no slippage of it in motion or when standing. The hocks are strong and well let down. Dewclaws on hind legs may be removed.

Coat

On the head, short and fine; on the body, medium length, with enough undercoating to give protection. The ears, chest, abdomen and legs are well feathered, but not so excessively as to hide the Cocker Spaniel's true lines and movement or affect his appearance and function as a moderately coated sporting dog. The texture is most important. The coat is silky, flat or slightly wavy and of a texture which permits easy care. Excessive coat or curly or cottony textured coat shall be severely penalized. Use of electric clippers on the back coat is not desirable. Trimming to enhance the dog's true lines should be done to appear as natural as possible.

Color and Markings

     Black Variety-Solid color black to include black with tan points. The black should be jet; shadings of      brown or liver in the coat are not desirable. A small amount of white on the chest and/or throat is            allowed; white in any other location shall disqualify.

     Any Solid Color Other than Black (ASCOB)-Any solid color other than black, ranging from lightest           cream to darkest red, including brown and brown with tan points. The color shall be of a uniform           shade, but lighter color of the feathering is permissible. A small amount of white on the chest and/or     throat is allowed; white in any other location shall disqualify.

    Parti-Color Variety-Two or more solid, well broken colors, one of which must be white; black and           white, red and white (the red may range from lightest cream to darkest red), brown and white, and         roans, to include any such color combination with tan points. It is preferable that the tan markings         be located in the same pattern as for the tan points in the Black and ASCOB varieties. Roans are          classified as parti-colors and may be of any of the usual roaning patterns. Primary color which is            ninety percent (90%) or more shall disqualify. Tan Points-The color of the tan may be from the                lightest cream to the darkest red and is restricted to ten percent (10%) or less of the color of the              specimen; tan markings in excess of that amount shall disqualify. In the case of tan points in the            Black or ASCOB variety, the markings shall be located as follows: 

• On the sides of the muzzle and on the cheeks;

• On the underside of the ears;

• On all feet and/or

• A clear tan spot over each eye;

• legs;

• Under the tail;

• On the chest, optional; presence or absence shall not be penalized.

• Tan markings which are not readily visible or which amount only to traces, shall be penalized. Tan on the muzzle which extends upward, over and joins shall also be penalized. The absence of tan markings in the Black or ASCOB variety in any of the specified locations in any otherwise tan-pointed dog shall disqualify.

Gait

The Cocker Spaniel, though the smallest of the sporting dogs, possesses a typical sporting dog gait. Prerequisite to good movement is balance between the front and rear assemblies. He drives with strong, powerful rear quarters and is properly constructed in the shoulders and forelegs so that he can reach forward without constriction in a full stride to counterbalance the driving force from the rear. Above all, his gait is coordinated, smooth and effortless. The dog must cover ground with his action; excessive animation should not be mistaken for proper gait.

Temperament

Equable in temperament with no suggestion of timidity.

DISQUALIFICATIONS

Height-Males over 15-1/2 inches; females over 14-1/2 inches.

Color and Markings-The aforementioned colors are the only acceptable colors or combination of colors. Any other colors or combination of colors to disqualify.

Black Variety-White markings except on chest and throat.

Any Solid Color Other Than Black Variety-White markings except on chest and throat.

Parti-color Variety-Primary color ninety percent (90%) or more.

Tan Points
(1) Tan markings in excess of ten percent (10%);

(2) Absence of tan markings in Black or ASCOB Variety in any of the specified locations in an otherwise tan pointed dog.

Approved May 12, 1992
Effective June 30, 1992

Illustrations are not to be reproduced without written consent from ASC.

This is from the AKC Judges Newsletter to help clarify the roan color and in no way reflects any change to the approved 1992 standard as written above. Roans are classified as Parti-Colors and can be any of the usual roaning pattern. They have colored hair intermixed with white hair, but the colored hair is not white tipped. They may be totally roaned with or without head markings, with or without body markings or any such dog with tan points. Primary color which is ninety percent (90%) or more shall disqualify.

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