Ahead of any severe weather event, it is crucial to brush up on your weather education and preparedness information.
在发生任何恶劣天气事件之前，温习天气教育和准备信息至关重要。
During my time in Oklahoma, I developed a unique perspective on how to prepare for severe weather in the heart of Tornado Alley. That is why I am sharing my severe weather tips.
在俄克拉荷马州期间，我对如何为龙卷风巷中心的恶劣天气做好准备形成了独特的视角。这就是为什么我分享我的恶劣天气技巧。
WATCHES VERSUS WARNINGS 观察与警告
The best analogy for understanding any weather Watch versus Warning is baking cookies. A Watch is when you are gathering the ingredients for the dough, making the cookie dough, placing the dough into cookie balls on a baking sheet and placing them in the oven. A Warning is when the cookies are coming out of the oven and ready to eat.
理解任何天气观察与警告的最佳类比是烘烤饼干。手表是指您收集面团原料、制作饼干面团、将面团放入烤盘上的饼干球并将其放入烤箱的时间。警告是当饼干从烤箱中出来并准备食用时。
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch is issued by the Storm Prediction Center, housed in Norman, Oklahoma, when the ingredients are there for severe weather to develop. A Watch is usually a few hours long, and this means that severe weather is possible during this duration. Further, many counties and even multiple states can be placed on a Watch.
当恶劣天气形成的条件具备时，位于俄克拉荷马州诺曼的风暴预报中心就会发布强雷暴警报。手表通常持续几个小时，这意味着在此期间可能会出现恶劣天气。此外，许多县甚至多个州都可以纳入观察范围。
A Severe Thunderstorm Warning is issued by local National Weather Service offices, which have their own area they are in charge of warning. For the Pee Dee and Grand Strand, the offices that cover us are the National Weather Service in Wilmington (NWS ILM) and the National Weather Service in Columbia (NWS CAE).
严重雷暴警报由当地国家气象局办公室发布，这些办公室有自己负责警告的区域。对于 Pee Dee 和 Grand Strand，覆盖我们的办事处是位于威尔明顿的国家气象局 (NWS ILM) 和位于哥伦比亚的国家气象局 (NWS CAE)。
A Warning means a severe thunderstorm is occurring, which is a storm with damaging winds at or above 58 miles per hour and sometimes hail, however, not every severe storm has hail. Warnings are issued for a much smaller geographical area and can be as small as half of a county or as large as multiple counties.
警告表示正在发生严重雷暴，这种风暴的破坏性风速为每小时 58 英里或以上，有时还会有冰雹，但是，并非每次严重雷暴都会发生冰雹。发出警告的地理区域要小得多，小到一个县的一半，大到多个县。
The difference between a Tornado Watch and a Tornado Warning is similar to that of Severe Thunderstorm Watches and Warnings.
龙卷风监视和龙卷风警告之间的区别类似于强雷暴监视和警告之间的区别。
When a Tornado Watch is issued by the Storm Prediction Center, it is also for a couple of hours and can cover multiple states too. A Tornado Watch means the atmospheric ingredients for tornadic activity are present, and usually also includes a damaging wind threat. Tornado Watches can also have a hail threat within the watch information as well.
当风暴预测中心发布龙卷风观察时，它也会持续几个小时，并且也可以覆盖多个州。龙卷风监视意味着存在龙卷风活动的大气成分，通常还包括破坏性的风威胁。龙卷风手表的手表信息中也可能有冰雹威胁。
A Tornado Warning is issued by a local National Weather Service office for a county or so and means a tornado could be about to occur or it is occurring. A Tornado Warning can be radar-indicated, radar-confirmed, or observed.
龙卷风警报由当地国家气象局办公室为一个县左右发布，意味着龙卷风可能即将发生或正在发生。龙卷风警报可以通过雷达指示、雷达确认或观察到。
A radar-indicated tornado means that an area of spin is present on radar as a tornado velocity signature (TVS), on a product referred to as velocity in which the wind speeds and directions of a storm are sampled by a radar site.
雷达指示的龙卷风是指雷达上存在一个旋转区域，作为龙卷风速度特征 (TVS)，该产品称为速度，其中风暴的风速和方向由雷达站点采样。
A radar-confirmed tornado means a tornado debris signature (TDS) is present on a radar product referred to as the Correlation Coefficient, which shows debris and other objects that are being lofted into the atmosphere. An observed tornado means a trained spotter or law enforcement has seen a tornado.
雷达确认的龙卷风意味着雷达产品上存在龙卷风碎片特征（TDS），称为相关系数，它显示碎片和其他物体被抛入大气中。观察到的龙卷风意味着训练有素的观察员或执法人员看到了龙卷风。
In very rare and devastating situations, a Tornado Emergency can be issued during a Tornado Warning, which means catastrophic damage is occurring with a confirmed, large tornado. It is usually used in populated areas versus rural settings but can be issued in both.
在非常罕见和具有破坏性的情况下，龙卷风警报期间可能会发布龙卷风紧急情况，这意味着已确认的大型龙卷风正在发生灾难性损害。它通常用于人口稠密地区而不是农村地区，但两者都可以发行。
PREPAREDNESS AND SHELTERING
准备和庇护
If a tornado warning is issued for your location, you should know where your tornado safe spot is ahead of the day of the event. This means putting together a tornado safety plan with your household, and ensuring everyone knows what to do in the event a tornado warning includes your home.
如果您所在的位置发布了龙卷风警报，您应该在活动当天之前知道龙卷风安全点在哪里。这意味着与您的家人一起制定龙卷风安全计划，并确保每个人都知道如果龙卷风警报包括您的家时该怎么做。
Having an emergency 'grab bag' is a great idea ahead of severe weather days too. This is a bag that includes critical items that you and your household need, like important documents, medicine, medical equipment, flashlights, a weather radio, helmets or something to guard heads, shoes, blankets, pillows, non-perishable snacks, water, and comforting items and games (especially if children are in the household). This bag should be something easy to grab and take to shelter with you if a tornado warning is issued for your location.
在恶劣天气之前准备一个紧急“抓斗包”也是一个好主意。这是一个包，其中包含您和您的家人需要的重要物品，例如重要文件、药品、医疗设备、手电筒、气象收音机、头盔或保护头部的物品、鞋子、毯子、枕头、不易腐烂的零食、水、舒适的物品和游戏（特别是如果家里有孩子的话）。如果您所在的位置发出龙卷风警报，这个包应该是易于抓住并随身携带的东西。
The lowest level of your home, and the most interior room is the best place to shelter during a tornado warning. This is ideally a basement, but much of the Pee Dee and Grand Strand do not have that appendage in homes. In this case, the most interior room on the lowest level of your home is the place to go and should be a room without windows and without any walls that touch the exterior of the structure.
您家的最低层和最内部的房间是龙卷风警报期间的最佳避难场所。理想情况下，这是一个地下室，但 Pee Dee 和 Grand Strand 的大部分住宅都没有这样的附属设施。在这种情况下，您家最底层的最内部的房间就是您要去的地方，并且应该是一个没有窗户的房间，并且没有任何墙壁接触结构的外部。
Ensuring that your tornado-safe space is cleaned out and ready for use on severe weather days is optimal as well.
确保您的龙卷风安全空间已清理干净并准备好在恶劣天气下使用也是最佳选择。
Bathrooms and hallways are the most likely areas to not have walls on the exterior or windows as well as crawl spaces, closets, and pantries.
浴室和走廊是最有可能没有外部墙壁或窗户以及爬行空间、壁橱和食品储藏室的区域。
In the event your home does not have any rooms that fall into the safe categories, the most interior bathroom is the next best option with the possibility of grabbing a mattress and placing it over everyone sheltering.
如果您的家中没有任何属于安全类别的房间，那么最内部的浴室是下一个最佳选择，可以抓住床垫并将其放在每个避难所的上方。
If you live in a mobile home, they sadly are not safe whatsoever in a tornado.
如果您住在移动房屋中，很遗憾，它们在龙卷风中根本不安全。
If you have a neighbor, family, or a friend who has a bolted, structured house, ask to spend the duration of the Watch at their house. It is recommended that you figure this out before the severe weather day, as cars are also not safe in a tornado and you should not be on the roads racing to safety during a tornado warning.
如果您的邻居、家人或朋友拥有一栋用螺栓固定的结构化房屋，请要求在守望期间呆在他们家。建议您在恶劣天气发生之前弄清楚这一点，因为汽车在龙卷风中也不安全，并且您不应该在龙卷风警告期间在道路上快速驶向安全地带。
If you find yourself on the roads during a Tornado Warning, the best course of action would be to find a structure to shelter nearby.
如果您在龙卷风警告期间发现自己在路上，最好的做法是在附近找到一个避难所。
If there is not a sturdy structure in sight, remain in your car with seatbelts on.
如果看不到坚固的结构，请留在车内并系好安全带。
There may be a roadside ditch that is lower than the road, and this can be used in a last-resort situation but it is not recommended. Road-side ditches can flood in storms.
路边可能有一条低于道路的沟渠，这可以在万不得已的情况下使用，但不建议这样做。暴风雨中路边的沟渠可能会被淹没。
Whatever you do on the road during a Tornado Warning, or any weather event, DO NOT stop under a bridge or overpass. This creates a traffic hazard for cars traveling behind you and is actually not a safe place to be in general for severe weather.
无论您在龙卷风警告或任何天气事件期间在路上做什么，都不要停在桥梁或立交桥下。这会给您后面行驶的汽车带来交通危险，并且实际上在恶劣天气下通常不是一个安全的地方。
There may also be flooding on roadways during or following a severe weather event. If you encounter a flooded roadway, turn around and find a different route.
在恶劣天气事件期间或之后，道路也可能发生洪水。如果您遇到被淹没的道路，请掉头寻找其他路线。
It is never a good idea to drive into a flooded roadway, as what is going on beneath the water is unknown. The flood water could have taken out the road, broken the road, or is deeper than it appears. It does not take much water to take control of a vehicle, and only 12 inches of water can float vehicles.
开车进入被淹没的道路绝不是一个好主意，因为水下发生的情况是未知的。洪水可能冲毁道路、冲毁道路，或者比看起来更深。控制车辆并不需要太多的水，只需 12 英寸的水即可漂浮车辆。
Finally, when thinking about, preparing for, and dealing with severe weather, weather anxiety can occur. Remember to treat yourself kindly during these events as this is a stressful situation.
最后，当考虑、准备和应对恶劣天气时，可能会出现天气焦虑。请记住在这些事件期间善待自己，因为这是一种压力很大的情况。
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