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被动语态
语态:表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
主动语态:表示主语是动作的发出者、执行者。
被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受着。
被动语态基本结构:
be + done (动词过去分词)
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(本身无词义,但有时态、人称和数的变化)
1
不同时态的被动语态结构
1. Milk is drunk by him everyday.
牛奶每天都被他喝。
(一般现在时的被动语态)
2. Her brother was beaten by her yesterday.
她的弟弟昨天被她打了。
(一般过去时的被动语态)
3. Many trees will be planted in our city next month.
下个月很多树会被种在我们城市。
(一般将来时的被动语态)
4. Homework has been finished by him.
家庭作业已经被他做完了。
(现在完成时的被动语态)
5. Food mustn't be taken into the classroom.
食物不允许被带进教室。
(含有情态动词的被动语态)
2
主动语态变被动语态的一般方法
口诀:宾语提前变主语,原主变宾by后见,时态人称be关键。
即:①宾→主
②谓语→被动语态结构 (注意时态、人称变化)
③主→宾(放by后,有时可省)
3
被动语态的特殊情况
1.带双宾语(即带“直接宾语”和“间接宾语”)的谓语动词变被动时,(“直物间人”)
以“人”当主语时,变法和一般的变法一样;
以“物”当主语时,在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for。
(1)My father gave me a book.
我的父亲给了我一本书。(主动变被动)
①人作主语:
I was given a book by my father.
我被我父亲给了一本书。
②物作主语:
A book was given to me by my father.
一本书被我父亲给了我。
(2)She buys me a gift.
她给我买了一份礼物。(主动变被动)
①人作主语:
I am bought a gift (by her).
我被她买了一份礼物。
②物作主语:
A gift is bought for me (by her).
一份礼物被买给我。
常见的后面加to或for的动词:
make, buy, draw, cook, sing, get (for)
give, pass, teach, show, lend, sell (to)
2.短语动词变被动语态时,后面的介词或副词等不可省略。
The dog was taken good care of by him.这只小狗被他照顾的很好。
3. 部分动词如 hear, see, watch, notice, feel, listen to, have, make , let(使役动词)等,这些词在主动句中,其后的动词不定式不加to, 但变被动语态时必须加to。
(1) I saw him play basketball last Sunday.上周日我看见他打篮球。
(主动语态)
He was seen to play basketball last Sunday.他上周被看见打篮球。
(被动语态)
(2) The boss makes them work all day. 老板让他们整天工作。(主动语态)
They were made to work all day. (被动语态)
口诀:感官加使役,主动to离去,被动to回来。
4
无被动语态的情况
1.happen, take place, appear, disappear, belong to等无被动语态。
Great changes have taken place in Chongqing in the past/last 20 years.
过去20年来,重庆发生了翻天覆地的变化。
2.“主+系+表”结构无被动语态。
be/feel/sound/taste/smell 等 + adj.
①The food tastes good.
食物尝起来很美味。
②The flowers smell sweet.
花闻起来很香。
3.表示主语的自然属性(特征或性质)时无被动语态,常用的副词有well, easily或badly。动词如sell/ write/ wash/ grow等。
①This kind of sweater sells well.
这款毛衣卖的很好。
②The pen writes well.
这支钢笔很好写。
③The clothes wash easily.
衣服很好洗。
4.主动表示被动。如:be worth doing/ beed doing等。
①Trees need watering.树需要浇水。
②The book is worth reading.这本书值得阅读。
5.形式被动但不表被动。如:be married/ be used to doing sth./ be broken. (了解※)
①They are married.他们结婚了。
②The window is broken.窗户坏了。
被动语态思维导图
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往期推荐
【重难点】中考语法:宾语从句(详解+思维导图)
【重难点】中考语法:定语从句(详解+思维导图)
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