王蔷教学法中有两处关于shematic knowledge的表述,分别在听力教学和阅读教学这两章,因为听力和阅读都是receptive skill,在这个过程中学生的background knowledge或者说已有认知结构是非常重要的。我们来看一下这两章书上的表达
shema就是图式,那还记得在教育心理学中,图式是谁提出的吗
没错,就是皮亚杰(Piaget)
我们来回忆一下教心上的描述
那关于schema的名词解释就比较好回答了
我们思考一下,如果是简答或者论述题该怎么回答呢(确实有学校考过,比如21年的西外)
我们可以先思考一下图式它的作用,学姐提供以下参考答案,333同样适用
How Schemas Affect Learning
1:Schemas influence what we pay attention to. People are more likely to pay attention to things that fit in with their current schemas.(图式影响我们注意新信息)
2:Schemas also impact how quickly people learn.People also learn information more readily when it fits in with the existing schemas.(图式影响学习效率)
3:Schemas help simplify the world. Schemas can often make it easier for people to learn about the world around them. New information could be classified and categorized by comparing new experiences to existing schemas.(图式帮助简化知识)
4:Schemas can also change how we interpret incoming information. When learning newinformation that does not fit with existing schemas, people sometimes distort or alter the new information to make it fit with what they already know.(图式理解新信息的方式)
5:Schemas can also be remarkably difficult to change.People often cling to their existing schemas even in the face of contradictory information.(图式有时也很难改变,这是由于个体更倾向于相信已有的知识)
图式是怎样发生变化的?
皮亚杰给出的关键词为同化assimilation,顺应accommodation,平衡equilibration
并且皮亚杰认为,个体所拥有的图式越多,所同化知识的范围就越广(the more schemas an individual possesses,the wider the scope of information he or she can assimilate)
今天的分享就到这里啦,有什么问题可以后台私信学姐
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