初一英语语法知识点总结

课时一

一、 重点语法

1. 动词be（am,is,are）的用法：

 

be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。

①第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析：I am+…

例句：I am Snoopy.

I am ten years old.

I am a student.

I am a boy.

②第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+…

例句：You are my good friend.

You are a good teacher.

You are beautiful

③第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is +……

例句：She is a good girl.

She is so tall.

She is short.

④人称复数 (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +……

例句  We are in Class 5,Grade 7.

They are my friends.

You are good students.

 

用法口诀：

我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。

 

 

对应练习：

一. 用括号中适当的词填空。

1. I ________(am, are, is) from Australia.

2. She _______ (am, are, is) a student.

3. Jane and Tom _________(am, is, are) my friends.

4. My parents _______ (am, is, are) very busy every day.

5. _______ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?

6. _______ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news?

7. There _____ (be) some glasses on it.

8. If he _____ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.

一、用be 动词的适当形式填空

 

 1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.  

 2. The girl______ Jack's sister.  

 3. The dog _______ tall and fat.  

 4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.  

 5. ______ your brother in the classroom?  

 6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.  

 7. How _______ your father?  

 8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.  

 9. Whose dress ______ this?  

 10. Whose socks ______ they?  

 11. That ______ my red skirt.  

 12. Who ______ I?  

 13.The jeans ______ on the desk.  

 14.Here ______ a scarf for you.  

 15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.  

 16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.  

 17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.  

 18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.  

 19. Some tea ______ in the glass.  

 20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.  

 

 

 

第二课时（1）英语人称代词和物主代词

一、人称代词

 

表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：

 

人称	单数		复数
	主格	宾格	主格	宾格
第一人称	I	me	we	us
第二人称	you	you	you	you
第三人称	he	him	they	them
	she	her
	it	it

人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。

I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too.

We/You/They are students.

人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。

Give it to me.  Let’s go (let’s =let us)

 

二、物主代词

 

表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表。

 

数 人称 类别	单数					复数
	第一 人称	第二 人称	第三 人称			第一 人称	第二人称	第三 人称
形容词性物主 代词	my	your	his	her	its	our	your	their
名词性物主代词	mine	yours	his	hers	its	ours	yours	theirs
汉语	我的	你的	他的	她的	它的	我们的	你们的	他（她、它）们的

 

形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词

而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：

Is this your book?

No,，it isn’t， it’s hers(her book)

This pen is mine.

 

 

代词练习（一）

 

一、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。

 

1. This is（my / I）mother.       2. Nice to meet （your / you）.

3. （He / His）name is Mark.     4. What’s（she / her）name?

5. Excuse（me / my / I）.        6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?

7. （I/ My）am Ben.              8. （She / Her）is my sister.

9. Fine , thank （your / you）.   10. How old is （he / his）

 

 

二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。

 

1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers.

2. That is _______( she ) sister.

3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister.

4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary.

5. Now _____________(her parent)  are in America.

6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students.

7. Do you know  ______ ( it ) name?

8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends.

9. Thanks for helping ________( I ).

10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher.

 

 

三、单项选择。

（  ）1. My family ____ a big family. My family ____all here.

A. is, is  B. are, areC. is, areD. are, is

 

（  ）2. This is __________.

    A. a picture of familyB. a picture of my family

C. a family’s pictureD. a family of my picture

 

（  ）3. Let’s __________ good friends.

A. beB. areC. isD. am

 

（  ）4. Is she your aunt? Yes, __________.

A. she’sB. her isC. she isD. he is

 

（  ）5. Are __________ coats yours?

         Yes, they are .

A. theyB. theseC. thisD. there

 

 

 

（  ）6. Is that __________ uncle? No, it isn’t

A. heB. sheC. herD. hers

 

（  ）7. Mrs. Green is __________ grandmother.

    A. Jim and KateB. Jim and Kate’s

C. Jim’s and Kate’sD. Jim and Kates’

 

（  ）8. Do you know the name _____Mr. Green’s son?

A. inB. ofC. onD. or

 

（  ）9. __________ the great photo of your family.

    A. thank forB. Thanks for

C. Thank forD. thanks for

 

（  ）10. Are those your friends?  __________.

    A. Yes, they’reB. No, they are

C. Yes, they areD. Yes, those are

 

 

 

 

代词练习（二）

 

 

一、用适当的代词填空   1．We like ________ (he, his , him) very much. 2．Is this guitar ________ (you, your, yours)? 3．________(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li. 4．Father bought a desk for ________ (I, my, me, mine). 5．________ (It, It's, Its) is very cold today. 6．Is this your book, Mike? Yes ,________(we, you, they )are. 7．Are you and Tom classmates? Yes, ________(we, you ,they )are. 8．Each of the students ________( have, has) a pen pal. 9．He has a dog. I want to have ________(it, one ),too. 10．Her parents are ________ (both, all ,either )teachers. 11．The text is easy for you .There are ________( few, a few ,little,    a little) new words in it . 12．I want ________( some, any) bananas. Give me these big ________(one, ones).   二、选择正确的答案   1．Is this ________ book? A．you B．I   C．she D．your   2．It's a bird. ________ name is Polly. A．Its B．It's   C．His D．It   3．What's that ?________ a jeep. A．it'sB．Its    C．It'sD．its   4．What's that in English? ________. A．It's eggB．That's egg   C．It's a eggD．It's an egg   5．Whose cat is this ? Is it yours? Is it a white _______? A．cat's B．one   C．onesD．cats   6．Please give the book to ________. A．I B．me    C．my  D．mine       7．_________skirt is yours? A．Whose B．Where   C．How D．Which   8．________ is this pen ? It's Wang Fang's. A．Who's B．Whose  C．Where D．Which   9．Kate and Mike do ________ homework in the evening. A．one's B．his   C．her D．their   10．There isn't ________ water in the bottle. A．any B．some    C．noD．a

 

课时二（2）简单句

一 陈述句

1、 概念：说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子，句末用句号。

2、 分类：陈述句根据其语法结构，可大体分为“主语+谓语”和“主语+连系动词+表语”两种；而从语气的角度分，又可分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句

（1）“主语+谓语”结构

① 肯定陈述句

I like that book.我喜欢那本书。（陈述一个事实）

I really agree.我确实同意。（陈述一个观点）

② 否定陈述句

I did not buy the TV.我没有买那个电视。（陈述一个事实）

（2）主语+连系动词+表语结构

① 肯定陈述名

The film is boring . 这部电影没意思。（陈述观点）

 ② 否定陈述句

Smoking is not good for your health.抽烟对你的健康没有好处。（陈述一个事实）

3、 陈述句的否定结构：

陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达：

（1）句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，其否定结构为：

主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词 + not + 其他成分

I am not a teacher. 我不是老师。

We have not (haven`t) any books on animals. 我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。

The children are not (aren`t) playing in the playground. 孩子们没在操场上玩。

He will not (won`t) come. 他不会来。

We must not (mustn`t) forget the past. 我们不能忘记过去。

It could not (couldn`t) be lost. 它不可能丢的。

（2） 当句子的谓语动词是do (即行为动词)，而且没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+do (does,did) + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分

You do not (don`t) come here every day . 你没有每天都来这里。

He does not (doesn`t) teach this class . 他不教这个班。

They did not(didn`t) watch TV last night . 昨晚他们没看电视。

注意：陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时，用升调，在书面上要用问号来表示。

You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港吗？

这句话表示的是一种疑问，只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的

 

二 疑问句

    疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，句末用问号“？”。常考的疑问句有四类，即：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。

第一节 一般疑问句

一般疑问句通常需要用yes 或no 来回答，所以又叫做“是非疑问句”。在读这种句子时

要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型：

 

1、“be + 主语 + 表语”结构

— Are you sleepy ? 你困了吗？

— Yes, I am . 是的，我困了。

3、“情态动词 + 主语言+ 行为动词（或be）”结构

— May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用这部电话吗？

 — Yes, you can. 是的，可以。

5、“助动词（do, does, did）+ 主语 + 行为动词”结构

— Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜欢夏天游泳吗？

— No, I don`t . 不，我不喜欢。

难点提示

回答否定性一般疑问句时，要在Yes 后面用肯定结构，表示肯定；在No 后面用否定结构，表示否定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时候，只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。

— Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥吗？

—Yes, he is . 不，他是（我的哥哥）。No, he is not. 是的，他不是（我的哥哥）。

— Isn`t she very clever? 她难道不是很聪明吗？

— Yes, she is. 不，她很聪明。— No, she is not . 是，她不聪明。

第二节 特殊疑问句

一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句，要求听到问题的人针对特定情况来做具体的回答，不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用Yes 或No 来回答，特殊疑问句要用降调来读。

二、特殊疑问句的结构：

特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句

Who do English homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业？

What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么？

What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作业？

When do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业？

三、注意：

对人提问时who“谁”

对所属（谁的）提问用whose“谁的”

对哪一个提问用which“哪一个”

对时间提问用when“什么时候”或what time“几点”

对物体提问用what“什么”

对地点提问用where“哪里”

对原因提问用why“为什么”

对方式提问用how“怎么样”

对数量提问用how many“多少”（用于可数名词复数）或how much“多少”（用于不可数名词）

四、难点提示

1、 以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。Why don`t you have a try? 你为什么不试试呢？

2、 特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式，在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。

I don`t want to go there. How about you? 我不想去那儿，你呢？

But what else? 可是还有什么呢？

 

 

把下列句子变成否定句：

1. I am listening to music. _______________________________________

2. Mike is a student. _______________________________________

3Sarah can clean the classroom. ________________________________________

4. They are in the zoo. ________________________________________

5. There are some flowers in the vase.________________________________________

6. This is my sister. _________________________________________

7. We are sweeping the floor.__________________________________________

8. We need some masks. _________________________________

9. They like making the puppet. _________________________________

10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.

_________________________________________________

11. I put a book on my head.

_________________________________________________

12. They sing “In the classroom” together.

_______________________________________________

13. We play basketball on Sundays.

_________________________________________________

14. Tom likes listening to music

____________________________________________

 

肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法————————三步法

1. 有be动词/情态动词：be动词/情态动词提到句首，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。

2. 无be动词/情态动词，在句首加Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。

3. 加Does、did 的句子注意，句子动词要变成原型。例如：陈述句: They are in the park. He can play the guitar.. 一般疑问句: Are they in the park? Can he play the guitar? 陈述句: I like the ducks. He likes the dogs. 一般疑问句：Do you like the ducks? Does he like the dogs?

 

把下列句子变成一般疑问句

1. I am listening to music. __________________________

2. Mike is a student. _______________________________________

3. Sarah can clean the classroom.________________________________________

4. They are in the zoo. ________________________________________

5. There are some flowers in the vase.________________________________________

6. This is my sister. _________________________________________

7. We are sweeping the floor.__________________________________________

8. We need some masks. _________________________________

9. They like making the puppet. _________________________________

10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.

_________________________________________________

11. I put a book on my head.

_________________________________________________

12. They sing “In the classroom” together.

_______________________________________________

13. We play basketball on Sundays.

_________________________________________________

14. Tom likes listening to music

____________________________________________

 

关于特殊疑问词

问人（谁）who 地点（何地） where 时间（何时） when、what time 东西/职业/事物(什么) what 方式方法程序身体（怎样） how 年龄 how old ..怎么样（提建议） How about 多少钱 How much 谁的 whose book 问星期 what day 问日期 what date 问数量多少 (可数名

词) How many people 问数量（不可数名词） How much water 颜色what color 班级 what class 年级 what grade 时间 what time 哪一个 which which class

1、根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词, 后面写原句变成的一般疑问句，句末问号。

2、how many后必须先写物品，再写一般疑问句等。

1、A: _______ is the boy in blue? B:He’s Mike.

2、A: _______ pen is it? B:It’s mine.

3、A: _______ is the diary? B:It’s under the chair.

4、A: ___ is the Chirstmas Day? B: It’s on the 25th of December.

5、A: _______ are the earphones? B:They are 25 yuan.

6、A: _______ is the cup? B:It’s blue.

7、A: _______ is it today? B:It’s Sunday.

8、A: _______ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October.

9、A: _______ this red one? B:It’s beautiful.

12. A:_______ is your cousin? B: He’s 15 years old.

13、A:_______ do you have dinner? B: At 6 o’clock

 

综合练习

 

1. The children have a good time in the park.

否定句：___________________________________

一般疑问句：___________________________________

2. There is only one problem.

否定句：__________________________________________

一般疑问句：________________________________________

肯定/否定回答：____________________________________

7.She has some bread for lunch today.

否定句：__________________________________________

一般疑问句：_________________________________

肯定/否定回答：____________________________________ .

句型转换题

1. The girl is singing in the classroom.( 改为否定句） 改为一般疑问句

5. I can speak English.(改为一般疑问句）

6. I am writing now.(同上）

7. I have a desk and a chair.(用He做主语改写句子）

8. She is buying some food in the supermarket.（改为否定句）

10. Does she like growing flowers? （给予否定回答） 

 

课时三have作实义动词

    1.表示“有”的意思     Look, I have wings, just like you.    He had fair hair and blue eyes.

   〔注1〕：其否定和疑问形式变化，在美国通常用助动词do。    〔注2〕：在英国口语中常用have got代替have.     Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too,     I haven't got any jewelry.    2.have和一些其他名词连用，表示：    (1)一种活动。    We have no classes on Sunday.（上课）    they’re going to have a volleyball match.（举行比赛）

    Are we going to have a meeting this week?（开会）    We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（听报告）    (2)患病。    I have got a headache.    I have a bad cold.    (3)发生的情况。    I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.（跌跤）    (4)生育。    The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.    3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（have＋a＋由动词转化和名词）    Are you going to have a swim.    I have a long talk with the teacher.    4.have on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)    I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.    At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on.    5.表示“吃”、“喝”    I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.    Does she have lunch at home?    6.组成复合结构即“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”    (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。    The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.    〔注〕：否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”.    We won't have you blame it on others.    She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.    (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。    …the two men had their lights burning all night long….    (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示：    ①使（让，请）别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。    Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.    …he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.    ②遭遇到某事。    Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.

 

课时三英语名词单数变复数的规则

一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces

 

二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。

读音变化：统一加读[iz]。

例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes

 

三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories

 

四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes

反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词）

 

五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。

例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves

反例：roof→roofs

 

六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。

读音变化：尾音[Es]改读[ai]，其中[kEs]要改读为[sai]，[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。

例：fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti

 

七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。

读音变化：尾音[is]改读[i:z]。

例：axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes

 

八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。

例：matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例：affix→affixes

 

九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。

读音变化：去掉鼻尾音。

例：forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua

 

十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。

读音变化：尾音[E]改读[i:]。

例：larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae

十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。

读音变化：保持原音。

例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon

 

十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。

读音变化：没有规律。

例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen

 

十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：

例：ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren

 

十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词

例：analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基础; datum→data数据; foot→feet;

formula→formulae/formulas公式; goose→geese; louse→lice虱子; man→men

mouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;

parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号; phenomenon→phenomena现象; radius→radii 半径

tooth→teeth; woman→women

 

十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的

例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼

 

十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词

例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;

traffic交通

 

十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多

例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀

trousers长裤; wages工资

 

十八、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示

例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父

man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰; maid-servant→maid-servants

step-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law

 

十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词

例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

 

二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，

例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼

 

二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

 

以O结尾的词，许多加es构成复数，特别是一些常用词如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes

但下面几类词只加s：1.以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词如:videos,radios,studios,folios,oratorios,embryos,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,taboos

2.一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos

3.一些缩写词和专有名词，如：kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos

有个别词加两种词尾都可以，如：archipelago(e)s,halo(e)s,cargoes(英），cargos(美）

 

名词由单数变成复数的练习

写出下列名词复数

leaf______ puppy_______ box_______ knife_______ fly______ fox______  bus______  bench_____  brush_____ kiss______ church______ dish_____ ruler______ peach________ glass_____ pencil________ boy______ zoo______ man______ roof_______ sheep_______ knife______ lady______ key______ story______ watch______ bamboo______ city______ family______ day_____ apple_______ eraser______ speech______ thief______ mouse______ fish_____ goose____ people ______ ox_____ Chinese _______ deer _______ foot______ child_______ tooth_______ guy________ hero_______ spy______ boss_____ monkey______ city ______ goat ______ radio ________ horse ______ dog ______

 

用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：

1>There are so many________(wolf)in the forest.

2>There are three ______(chair) in the classroom.

3>These _______(tomato) are red.   

4>______(hero) are great.

5>My brother looks after two ______(baby)

6>There are some ______(deer) eating the grass.

7>My father likes to eat _______(potato).

8>Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.

9>I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom.

10>I help my mother wash ______(dish) in the kitchen.

11>I have two ______(pencil-box).   

12>There are some ______(bus)in the street.

13>Peter has eight _____(foot).    

14>Linda has three _______(tooth).

15>There are some ______(child) in the garden.

16>Michael likes the ______(mouse).

17>There are some ______(goose)in the river.

18>My uncle and father are _____(man).

19>Tom and King are _____(boy).    

20>Linda has three ______(tooth).

 

选出正确形式

1．I can see three ________ in the zoo. 

A monkeys    B monkeys    C monkey

2.The pig has four ______.A. foot B. feet C. foots3.My two brothers are both ______.

A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen4.There are four ___________ in the class.

A. Japanese  B. Japaneses C. Japan5.I can see ten _____ in the picture.A. sheep B. dog C. pig6.The _____ has three______.

A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches7.C an you see _______on the plate? A. bread  B. breads  C. breades

8.The girl often brushes her_____ before she goes to bed.

A. tooth B. toothsC. teeth9.Mr Black often drink some _________.A. milk  B. milks  C.milkes

10.There are some _____ on the floor.A. child B. water C. books11. _______ will learn English.  A. Woman B. Women C. Man12.Lucy will show us some new ____ of hers.A. photo B. photos C. photoes13. I drank two ______.

A. bottles of orangeB. bottle of orangeC. bottles of oranges14.The cat eats two ______ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse15.I need a pen and some _____. A. books   B. desk  C. chair

16 Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.

A. rooms number   B. Room numberC. Room’s number  D. Room numbers

17. The newly-built library is a ______ building.

A. five-storey   B. five storeysC. five-storey’s   D. five storeys’

18. --- Whose umbrella is it?--- It’s _______.

A.     somebody else’s     B. Somebody else

C. Somebody’s else’s    D. Somebody’s else

19. I feel terribly hot, What’s the _____?

A. temperature of room    B. Room’s temperature 

C. Room temperature     D. Temperature of room’s

20. _______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.

A. The Evens  B. The Evens’ C. The Evenses  D. The Evenses’

21.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of ________.

A. Mary’s sister B. Mary sister’sC. Mary’s sister’s D. sister of Mary’s

22. The woman over there is ______ mother.

A.     Julia and Shelley’s B. Julia’s and Shelley’s

B.     C. Julia and ShelleyD. Julia’s and Shelley

23. He is very tired. He needs ______.

A. a night rest B. a rest night  C. a night’s rest D. a rest of night

24． ---Excuse me，where are _______ offices?---Over there．

A． teacher’s B． teachers’ C． the teacher’s D． the teachers’

25． Today is September 10^th.  It’s_____ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.

A. Teacher  B. Teachers’C. the Teachers’  D. Teacher’s

 

 

课时四现在进行时

现在进行时用法：

1,表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。 

Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition. 不要吵闹。我正在写作文。 

Let's set off. It isn’t raining now. 咱们出发吧。现在不下雨了。 

这类情况常与now现在，at the present现在，at the moment现在，today今天，this week这个星期，this year今年等时间状语连用。有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态，如： 

It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. 现在是下午四点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。 

Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快点！我们大家都等着你。 

Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看！他们在那边的树底下看书。 

Listen! She is singing in the room. 听！她在房间里唱歌。 

Where is Kate? She is reading in the room. 凯特在哪里？她在房间里看书。 

Why are you crying? Is something wrong?

为什么哭呢？有什么不对？

2,表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。 

We are working in a factory these days. 这几天我们在一家工厂工作。 

They are compiling a dictionary. 他们在编一本词典。 

这类情况常与today今天，this week这个星期，this evening今天晚上，these days现在、目前等时间状语连用。

3,在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。 

They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他们将要动身前往纽约。 

Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要启程吗？ 

这类情况常与come来，go去， leave离开，depart离开，arrive到达，stay逗留，start开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态，主语必须是人。

4,现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感情色彩。 

He's always quarrelling with others. 他老喜欢跟别人吵架。 

She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着。 

The boy is forever asking questions. 那个男孩老是问问题。 

这类情况常与always总是，usually通常，continually不断的，constantly经常的，forever永远、老是等副词连用。

5,有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。 

How are you feeling today? （How do you feel today?）你今天感觉如何？ 

I am looking （look）forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再来。 

Why are you looking（do you look）so sad? 为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢？

6,有的动词用于现在进行时表示“逐渐”的含义。此种用法除了偶尔和now连用外，一般不和其他时间副词连用的。 

Our study is becoming more interesting. 我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。 

The leaves are turning red. 树叶渐渐地变红了。 

The war is ending. 战争接近尾声了。 

Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一会儿，我的晚饭就要吃完了。 

适合于此种用法的动词有：bet/grow/become/turn/run/go变成，begin开始，forget忘记，remember记得，die死，finish完成，find发现，rise增强等.

7,“be”动词的现在进行时。“be”动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的。 

He is being foolish. 他在装傻。 

He is being honest. 他表现得特别老实。 

She is being rude. 她故意表现粗鲁。 

I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此时他为何如此自私。 

适合于此种用法的有：foolish愚蠢的，nice好的，kind好心的，careful细心的，patient耐心的，lazy懒惰的，silly傻的，rude粗鲁的，polite礼貌的，impolite无礼的等表示人的特性、性格的形容词。（“be”动词用于现在进行时表示人的行为，纯粹表示心理或生理的状态而不带有行动时或主语不是人时，“be”动词不能用于现在进行时）如： 

I am happy.（表语是纯粹的心理状态，不可用am being） 我很快乐。 

He's tired.（表语是纯粹的生理状态，不可用is being） 他很疲倦。 

It's hot today.（主语不是人，不可用is being） 今天很热。 常和现在进行时连用的时间状语

用法实例：

 (1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：

They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。

(2)以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：

Listen！She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。

(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如： 

We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 

(4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：

Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。

一般结构：

肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.

否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.

一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？ 

特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？

对一般疑问句作答，肯定回答：yes,主语+be,否定回答：no,主语+be not

对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。

Eg：They are working these days. He is buying a bike.

     They aren’t working these days. He isn’t buying a bike.

Are they working these days?  Is he buying a bike?

What are they doing these days?  What is he doing ?

现在分词的变法有

1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing

 Jump——jumping      go——going        pushing——pushing      play——playing

2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing.

Take——takeing     leave——leaving        write——writing    have——having

3、.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing.

Cut—cutting  put—putting  stop—stopping  fit—fitting begin—beginning  forget—forgetting

4.以ie结尾的词，将ie变为y再加ing

Lie—lying   

练习：

　　尽管现在进行时比较简单，但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误，常见的错误有如下几种：

　　自我检测

1、 Look! He _____their mother do the housework.

A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping

2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.

A .Who B .How C.What D.Where

3、 Don’t talk here. My mother _____.

A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep

4 、Danny ______. Don’t call him.

A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes

5 、–When_____he_____back?

– Sorry, I don’t know.

A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming

6、 It’s ten o’clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.

7、 What____he _____(mend)?

8、 We _____(play)games now.

9、 What ____you____(do) thesse days?

10、 ____he ___(clean) the classroom?

11、 Who____(sing)in the next room?

12、The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.

答案：1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing

5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing

注意：

把动词变成现在分词形式易出错

例：1、They are swiming.(swim)

2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football. 答案：1.swimming 2 .playing

丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词

例：1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park.

 2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.答案：1 are flying 2 isn’t reading

解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。

对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing

例：1 、The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问)

What are the students in the room?答案：What are the students doing in the room?

解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”

现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式

例：孩子们在跑还是在跳？

Are the children running or jump?答案：Are the children running or jumping?

　　解析: or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。

 

课时四介词知识点

1.in; on; at用在时间词前，表“在”

 1)at + 具体时刻

 2)on + 具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时）

 3)in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分

但注意：at night= in the night  at noon  

at this / that time   at Christmas

eg. 1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning

3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50  5.__ 2002

6.___ the morning of April 10  7.___ spring

8.___ night   9.___ this time 10. ___ March

另外注意：在时间词（morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…）前有last, next , this , that时，不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。

eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B) in(C) this evening.

2. in , on , at 表地点：

at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：

eg. 1)He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday.

2)They arrived ___a small village before dark.

3)There is a big hole ____ the wall.

4)The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall.

3.in , on , to表方位

  in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系

eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China.

  2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan.

  3)Japan is to the east of China.

    cross: 动词“跨过，越过”=go across

4.  across: （表面）跨过

through: （内部）穿过，贯穿  介词

eg. 1)Can you swim _____ the river?

   2)The road runs __________ the forest.

   3) _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.

5.  in + 时间段：与将来时连用

after + 时间段：与过去时连用

但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。

 1) I’ll leave _______ three o’clock.. That is, I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes.

 2)They left _______ two weeks.

6. in the tree(外加在树上的事物)

  on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)

in the wall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)

7. on the wall(墙表面的事物)

 1) There is a map ___ the wall

 2) There are four windows ___ the wall.

8.by bike / bus / car / ship (单数且无冠词)

但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。

eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bike

   by car = in a(the ; her) car

   on: 在…（表面）上——接触

9.  over: 在…的正上方

   above: 在…的斜上方  未接触

 1) The moon rose ______ the hill.

 2) There is a bridge _____ the river.

 3) There is a book ______ the desk.

10. between: 在（两者）之间

   among :在（三者以上）之间

 1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach. ________ them were his parents.

 2)Tom sits ________Lucy and Lily.

11.on与about : 关于

  on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等

  about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及

eg. He gave a talk ____ the history of the Party

12. in front of :在…前面/方（范围外）= before

   in / at the front of:在……前部（范围内）

1)There is a big tree _______ of the classroom.

2)A driver drives _________ of the bus.

类似区别：at the back of与behind

13.with和in: 表示“用“

  with: 指“用工具、手、口等”

  in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等”

 1) Please write the letter ____ a pen.

 2) Please speak ____ a loud voice.

14. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for: 动身前往某地

15.一些固定搭配：

（1）介词与动词的搭配

listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;

wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。

（2）介词与名词的搭配

on time, in time, by bus, on foot,

with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble,

at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。

（3）介词与形容词的搭配

be late for, be afraid of, be good at,

be interested in, be angry with,

be full of, be sorry for等。

 

 

 

二、常见方位介词短语

（一）、由介词in构成的方位介词短语

1、in the front 在前面              2、in the front row 在前排                        3、in the back row 在后排                    4、in the third row 在第三排                5、in front of... 在...前面（范围之外）          6、in the front of... 在...前部（范围之内）       7、in the middle在中间             8、in the street在街上                            9、in the middle of...在中间                   10、in the tree在树上（指飞鸟等外来物）

（二）、由介词at构成的方位介词短语

1、at the front of...在...所在范围的前一部分      2、at the back of...在...所在范围的后一部分

3、at the foot of...在...脚下                    4、at the top of...在...顶部

5、at the end of...在...尽头                    6、at the head of...在...前头

7、at the（school）gate在（校）门口          8、at the station 在车站

9、at No.2 Chang’an Road在长安路2号       10、at my uncle’s 在我叔叔家

11、at home在家                           12、at the doctor’s在医务室/在诊所

（三）、由介词on构成的方位介词短语

1、on the right/left在右（左）边            2、on one’s right/left在某人的右（左）边

3、on the desk/table在课桌/桌上             4、on the right-hand/left-hand side在右/左手边

5、on the blackboard在黑板上              6、on/in the wall在墙上/里

7、on the paper在纸上                    8、on the tree在树上（指树上长的，结的东西）

三、其它介词构成的方位介词短语

1、next to靠近/贴近   2、beside the desk在课桌旁 3、behind the door在门后 

4、under the bed在床下 5、near the window靠近窗户 6、outside the gate在门外

 

 

课时五other,another,others,the others,the other的用法和区别

1.other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。如： Do you have any other question(s)?你还有其他问题吗？ Ask some other people.问问别人吧！ Put it in your other hand.把它放在你另一只手里。 2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词。如： He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。 the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。如： On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree.在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than the other girls.玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 He lives on the other side of the river.他住在河的对岸。 3.others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如： Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports.我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。 Give me some others, please.请给我别的东西吧！ There are no others.没有别的了。 4.the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。是the other的复数形式。如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。 the others=the other +复数名词，这在第2条中已经有所介绍。 5.another=an+ other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如： I don’t like this one. Please show me another.我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker.我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。 else表示“另外的”表示“除此之外 ，还有”，相当于besides,如： What else can I say?我还能说什么呢？

 

 

1 She has two sons, ___is a teacher, _____is an engineerA one, the other Bone, another C another, another Done, other

2You have seen one of the photos of my sisters, now I’ll show you___A another B other C others D the others

3__went to the great wall, ___visited the MiyunA Any, other B One, other C Some others D Some the others 4 Have you any ____ novels?A another B other C others D the other

5 Would you like to have___ cup of tea?A another B other C others D the other6 The t-shirt is too long, please show me___A another B other C others D the other7 He is able to do the work without _____helpA the other’s B others’ C any others’ D other8 We can do it __timeA another B other C others D the other9 There are four dictionaries on the bookshelf. one is French, ___are EnglishA another B other C others D the others10 The children don’t like this story, please tell them___A another B the other C others D the others11These cups are ours，those are___A others B others’ C other’s D the others’ 

12 China is larger than _____countries in Europe

A other B others C any other C any others

13 If you want to change a double room, you’ll have to pay ___＄15.A another B other C others D the other

 

 

课时五  祈 使 句

1.祈使句的定义及句式特征：

定义：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。它的特点是通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头，末尾可用句号或感叹号。祈使句没有疑问句的形式，一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。

Go and wash your hands. (表命令)   

Be quite, please. （Please be quiet.）（表请求）

Be kind to your sister.（表劝告）  

Watch your steps.（表警告）

No parking. (表禁止)

2.肯定形式（动词原形开头）

1）以系动词be开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构：

be+形容词 / 名词

Be quiet / quick!          

Be a good student!

Be careful when crossing the street.

2）以实义动词开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构为：

动词原形+宾语（+其他）。

Come in, please！ 

Please open your books！

Put them away!

let型（Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）

Let him do it by himself.    

Let me help you.

Let’s go to the park.

3.否定形式（一般在动词上否定，也可以用否定副词（never）来表示）

1）be型（Don’t be +其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语））

Don’t be careless!        

Never be late again next time!

注意：①在这种句型中，be不能省略

    ②否定副词not不可置于be之后

2）do型（Don’t +动词原形+其他）

  Don’t believe him!   

Don’t worry!   

Never do it again!

3）Let引起的祈使句有两种否定形式  

a. Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他

Let her not do that.

   Let’s not think about it. It’s only a waste of time.

b. Don’t+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他

Don’t let Jim do that.     

Don’t let us go, please.

4) 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No＋名词 / V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。例如：

NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照！

No parking!

注意：

1). 在表达请求或劝告时，有时为了表示委婉的语气，可以在句首或句末please，但是如果please加在句末，应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。

Sit down, please.

  Please look after the twins.

2). 在意思比较明显的情况下，可以把谓语动词省略。

This way, please.

3). 有时为了加强语气，可以在动词前使用do.

Do be careful！一定要小心！

4). 有时为了强调对方，也可加上主语you，人名或everybody, anybody等不定代词。

You sweep the floor and I clean the window.

Stand up, everybody.

5).有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼语，但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔开。

Put the shirt on the bed, Jim.

4.祈使句的反意问句

祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分,通常有以下三种形式：

1).祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you。例如：

Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？

Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?

　今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？

2).祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如：

Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?

　不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？

3). Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其它均用will you。例如：

Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走，好吗？

Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?

　晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？

5.祈使句的回答

祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。

在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：

形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)

意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思；No是 “是”的意思)。

在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：

--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.

　　请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。

---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.

　　不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。

6. 祈使句与陈述句的并列使用

祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。例如：

Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.

　把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。

Hurry up, or we’ll be late.

　快点，否则我们要迟到了。

7.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用

祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：

Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.

如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。

8.祈使句的强调形式

　祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。例如：

Do shut up! 快住口！

9.特殊形式的祈使句

在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：

More water and the young trees couldn’t have died.

＝If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died.

　　如果你给那些小树多浇点水，他们就不会死了。

10.运用祈使句的误区

祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。

___________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.

A. Having checked    B. Check

C. If you check       D. To check

巩固练习：

一、单项选择：

1. Please ____, they’re having a meeting.

A. not be so noisy   B. be quite   C. mustn’t talk   D. no speaking2. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.

A. Not to forget    B. Not forget   C. Forget not    D. Don’t forget3. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____?

A. won’t we       B. will you    C. don’t we     D. shall we4. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ____?

A. do you         B. will you     C. can you     D. could you5. –Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I ____. A. don’t          B. won’t        C. can’t       D. haven’t6. If you are tired, ______ a rest.

A. have       B. having    C. to have        D. had

7. ______ me go. It is very important for me.

A. Do let      B. Let do    C. Doing let       D. To do let

8. He is not honest. ______ believe him.

A. Not        B. Don’t     C. To not         D. Not to

9. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train.

A. Getting     B. Get       C. To get         D. Got

10. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous.

A. Not play    B. Not to play  C. Don’t play     D. Don’t to play

11. Please ______ me some money, will you?

A. lend        B. lending    C. borrow         D. borrowing

12. The film is about to begin. Please ______ seated.

A. be         B. are        C. is              D. being

13. ____ down the radio. The baby’s asleep in the next room.A. Turning     B. To turn     C. Turned         D. Turn14. Lucy, ____ the door or someone will come in. A. close       B. closes      C. not close        D. is closing15. ____ and play football in the street after lunch.

A. Let’s not to go  B. Let’s not go   C. Let’s don’t go D. Not let’s go16. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus.

A. Not parking   B. Not smoking   C. No parking   D. No smoking17. ____ Chinese in you English class.

A. Not speak    B. Don’t speak   C. Speak not   D. Don’t speaking

18 . _____ the boxes. You may use them later.

A. Keep        B. Keeping     C. To keep      D. Kept

19. If you want to stay, let me know, ______?

A. will you      B. shall we     C. do you       D. do we

20. Never come late again, ______?

A. will you      B. won’t you    C. do you      D. does he

21. The TV is too loud. Please________.

  A. turn it down        B. to turn it down   

C. turn down it        D. to turn down it

22. _______ late again, Bill!

  A. Don't to be   B. Don't be   C. Not be   D. Be not

23. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turns green.

  A. Not    B. Won't    C. Doesn't     D.  Don't

24. Please help me carry it, ______?

  A. will I   B. will you   C. shall I   D. shall we

25. Don't make so much noise, ______?

  A. will you   B. won't you   C. shall we   D.  do you

26. Do you know the girl ______under the tree?

  A. stand   B. to stand   C. standing   D. stood

27. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.

  A. bring   B. brings   C. to bring   D. bringing

28. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.

  A. Telling   B. To tell   C. Told   D. Tell

29. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.

  A. name   B. named   C. naming   D. to name

30. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health?

  A. swim   B. swimming   C. swam   D. swims 

二. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. It’s an important meeting. __________ (not, be )late.

2. ____________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.

3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____________ (be) polite.

4. ____________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.

5. ____________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.

6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming.

7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.

8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry.

9. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.

10. Let’s ____________ (not, say) anything about it.

三、句型转换

11. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）

   _____ _____ again more slowly, please.

12. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改为同义句）

   _____ _____ me, or I’ll go.

13. Let's watch the sports games.  （改为反意疑问句）

   Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____?

14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）

_____ _____careless, please.

15. Please sit next to Nancy.  （改为否定句）

_____ _____ next to Nancy.

16. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）

Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?

17. If you move, you'll die. （改为同义句）

_____ _____, or you'll die.

18. Come to my house tomorrow.  （改为反意疑问句）

Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?

19. 这是一个坏了的被子。 （翻译句子）

This is a ______ ______.

20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。 （翻译句子）

Let’s go and help the _____ _____, please.  

课时五it 用法梳理

it在英语语法中属人称代词，意思是“它”，用来指人以外的一切生物和事物。就这么简单吗？不！不仅不简单，而且很复杂。下面就初中英语课本中有关it的用法作一下梳理，以飨读者朋友。

 

一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情。

一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可作主语，也可以作宾语。

1．指动物和植物。如：

   —Oh，that's Lucy's hat．噢，那是露茜的帽子。

   —It looks like a cat！它看上去像只猫！

   Where's tea grown？It's grown in the southeast of China．

   什么地方种植茶？中国东南部种植茶。

2．指代一些无生命的东西。如：

   Is it your watch？这是你的手表吗？

   Look at the rain！It's heavy，isn't it？看这雨！雨很大，对吗？

3．代替上文提到过的整个事情。如：

   Well，you mustn't play on the road．It's dangerous．哦，你不能在公路上玩。这太危险了！

   It was hard work，but they really enjoyed it．摘苹果是艰苦活，可他们都乐意去干（它）。

二、用于指代人。

1．指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。如：

   —Who was it？是谁（打来的电话）？

   —Was it Susan？（打电话的）是苏珊吗？

   —Yes，it was．是的，我是。（根据上下句，“it was”也可不译出来。）

再如：—Who is knocking at the door？谁在敲门？

    —It's me．是我。

2．指说话者心目中的那个人。如：

   —Is it your sister，Kate？（那旧照片上的 baby）是你姐姐凯特吧？

   —No！不是。

   —Is it your brother？是你哥哥吧？

   —No！不是。

   —I know—it's you！我知道了，（那）是你。

3．指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时，也可用it来指人。如：

   The child smiled when it saw its mother．这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。

   I don't know who it is．我不知道他是谁。

注意：看到这样的句子（或听到这样的话）时，要想一想，不要一看到it就把它译成“它”。）

4．在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。如：

   —Who's that？那人是谁？

   —Is it Kate？是凯特吗？

   —Yes，I think you're right．It's Kate．是的，我想你说对了，是凯特。

三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等。

1．表示时间。如：

   —What time is it？几点钟？

   —It's ten．十点钟。

   It's summer in Australia now．现在澳大利亚是夏天。

特别注意it用于表示时间时还常见于以下两个句型中：

（1）It's time（for sb．）to do sth．／It's time for sth．译为“是（某人）该干……的时间了”、“到……的时候了”。如：

It's time for supper／to have supper．是吃晚饭的时候了。

I think it's time for us to start the lesson now．我想现在是我们开始上课的时候了。

（2）It is ／has been ＋时间段＋since ＋一般过去时。译为“自从……以来已过了……（时间）”。此结构可以与另一种句型进行同义句转换。如：

It has been two weeks since we met last．＝ Two weeks has passed since we met last．自从我们上次相遇以来，两个星期过去了。

It's three years since he came here．＝It has been three years since he came here．＝He has been here for three years．他到这里已经三年了。

2．表示距离。如：

   It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school．从我家到学校步行得花半小时时间。

   —Where's the farm，Li Lei？Is it far？李雷，农场在哪里？远吗？

   —No，it's quite near．不，（距）离这很近。

3．表示自然现象。如：

   Sometimes it snows and the land is all white．有时下雪，大地一片白。

   It is very quiet here at the moment．眼下这儿很安静。

四、用作形式主语。

英语中常常见到某个句子以it开头，it与其后面的动词不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句等相呼应，以表达一个完整的意义。这是一种习惯表达法，这样的句式可避免句子显得头重脚轻。

1．It＋is／was＋形容词＋（for／of sb．）＋动词不定式短语。对于这个句型中究竟用 for还是用of，一般遵循这样的规则：如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词，如：difficult， easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等则用of。如：

It is interesting to play with snow in winter．冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。

It's important for us to keep the water clean．保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。

It's very kind of you to say so．你这样说真是太好了。

注意：这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词，如feel等。如：

It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early．早睡早起是好习惯。

It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship．乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。

It feels strange to have a twin sister．有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。

2．It ＋will be／is ／was ＋形容词＋动名词短语。如：

   It's bad playing in the street．在街上玩是没好处的。

   Is it any good trying again？再试一次有用吗？

3．It＋is／was＋形容词＋从句。如：

   It is certain that he will come．他一定会来。

   It's true that he may fall behind the other students．他真的可能落后于其他同学。

   It is strange that he should say so．他居然这么说，真是奇怪。

4．It ＋is ／was ＋one's turn（duty，pleasure） ＋to do sth．意为“该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）”。如：

   It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow．明天轮到你值日了。

5．It takes（sb．）some time to do sth．意为“（某人）花……时间做某事”。如：

   It took me a week to finish reading the book．我花了一周时间看完这本书。

6．It ＋cost／costs ＋sb．＋some money ＋to do sth．译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。如：

   It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch．我买这块新手表花了260元。

7．It seems ／seemed ＋从句。译为“看起来好像……”，此结构可以转换成“seem ＋动词不定式”形式。如：

   It seems that he is ill．＝He seems to be ill．看起来他好像病了。

五、用作形式宾语。

当句子的真正宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时，为避免句子头重脚轻，须将其放在宾语补足语之后，改用先行词it占据其原来的位置。it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式／动名词／从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。如：

He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well．他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。

We think it no good reading in bed．我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。

I think it necessary that we have the meeting．我认为开这个会是必要的。

 

 

课时六冠词

   冠词三兄弟a, an和the的任务就是给名词“戴帽子”。语法上，冠词是虚词，没有词义，用于名词前，帮助表明词义。

   冠词分为两类：不定冠词a/an 和定冠词the。

   不定冠词a/an只能用于单数名词之前，表示“一 …”的意思或该名词的不特定性。

   定冠词则强调该名词的特定性，表示“这”、“这些”等意思，在可数名词与不可数名词之前都能使用。

不定冠词的用法

不定冠词的种类：

不定冠词有两个：a和an。

a用于以辅音音标开头的单词之前。

一本书_a_book_____ 一个女人__a_woman_____  

an用于以元音音标开头的单词之前。

一个苹果_an_apple__ 一位老人 _an_old_ 一个小时 an_hour_ 一个鸡蛋 _an_agg__

当形容词修饰名词时，冠词要放在形容词的前面，这时用a或an取决于这个形容词的读音。

一位英语老师_a_English_teather_   一个红苹果 _a_red_apple__

不定冠词的用法：

用于第一次提到的、不确定的人或物（可数名词）之前

There is __a_dog outside the door 外有一条狗。

        Do you see __a man_ in red T-shirt?  你有看到一个穿红体恤衫的男子吗？

用于价格或时间等名词的前面，是“每…”的意思

4 Yuan _a_ kilo 每公斤四元        once _a_ week 一周一次

表示职业、身份

_a_ lawyer一个律师   _a_ doctor 一个医生    _a_ student一位学生

用于数字、量词之前

_a_   hundred     一百     a_  lot   of  许多     _a_ couple 一对

用于一些固定词组中

have _a_ _rest__休息     make _a_ living谋生     _a_ great deal 很多

定冠词的用法

定冠词的一般用法  

用于第二次谈到的人或物

She has a bag. __the__ bag is yellow. 她有一个包，这个包是黄色的。

用于双方共知的人或物

I don’t like __the_ coat. 我不喜欢这件大衣。

③  “the + n单数.”可以表示一类人或物

    _the__ __panda___ 大熊猫     _the__ __driver_____ 司机      

B.定冠词的特殊用法

定冠词常用于一些特定词的前面。

助记：

沙漠、河流与群山； 列岛、海峡与海湾；  阶级、党派、国家名； 组织、团体和机关； 方位、朝代、独一词； 会议、文件及报刊； 乐器、建筑、海洋群； 定冠词帽戴在前。   

   _the___ Yellow River 黄河        play _the__ piano  弹钢琴  _the_  Great Wall 长城

 _the__ People’s Daily 人民日报     _the__ United Nations 联合国

  ① 用于姓氏复数之前表示全家人/夫妇俩

      _the__ __Greens____格林一家        _the_Lis 李先生一家

   ②“the + adj.”表示一类人或物

      the __rich__ 富人       the __poor____ 穷人        the __young_man___ 年轻人

   ③ 用于一些固定词组中

      in the __evening    at the __time在此时 go to the __movie__ 去电影院 

in the ___front__ of 在前部  

不用冠词的情况

不用冠词的情况

下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；

复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。  

在一些专有名词（人名、地名、月份、节日等）之前，不用冠词

Miss Laura 劳拉小姐  Doctor Smith 史密斯医生  Hyde park 海德公园  Australia 澳大利亚   __March_____ 三月 __Children’s______ Day 儿童节  

名词前已有修饰词的时候，不用冠词

this __morning___ 今天早上   my _book___ 我的书     your _child_ 你的孩子

在表示三餐、球类、棋类和游戏等名词前，一般不用冠词

play _basketball___ 打篮球   play __cards__ 打牌   play _games____ 玩游戏   have _supper_ 吃晚饭

在物质名词和抽象名词前，一般不用冠词

We love _peace_.我们爱和平。  Smoking is bad for _health_. 吸烟有害健康。

  

巩固练习

1. Han Meimei is ___ Chinese girl. Lucy is ____ English girl.A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a

2. A little boy wrote__"U" and___ "n" on the wall.A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a

3. There are sixty minutes in___hour.A. an B. the C. a D. /

4. This is ___ interesting book and it is also ____ useful one.A. an; an B. an; the C. ah; a D. a; a

5. Mrs. Smith is __ friend of __A. the; mine B. a; me C. the; my D. a; mine

6. I go To__ School on foot because my home is near___ school.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; the

7. Yesterday we held_ talk with them in the hall.A. the B. this C. a D. an

8.  I usually go out for _ walk after____ tea;A: a; / B. /; the C. a; a D. the; a

9. This is___egg. ____egg is big.A. a; A B. an; An C. a; The D. an; The

10. People often go to swim in__summer.A. / B. a C. an D. the

11. There is___ old man under___ tree.A. an; the B. the; a C. a; the D. an; /

12. -Whose room is that?-It's__.

 A. the twins' B. of Lucy and LilyC. of the twins D. the twins

13. We can see ___ sun and ____ moon in ____ picture.

    A.a; the; the B. the; a; theC. a; the; a D. the; the; the

14. ____ Browns are sitting at____ breakfast table.A. /; a B. The; / C. The; the D. /} the

15. Most of us are from____.A. the south B. south C. the southern D. southern

16. Tom enjoys playing ____ football while I enjoy playing ____ piano verymuch.A. the; the B. a; a C. /; the D. the; /

17. We should look after___ old.A. these B. those C. the D. an

18. The ship is sailing on____ Pacific OceanA.a B. the C. / D.that

19. ____ Mr Smith is a teacher.A. The B. A C. This D. /

20. You have missed ____ “n” in your spelling of ____ word “government”.

    A. an; a    B. an; the        C. a; the        D. the; /  

 

2．改错    1. I go to school by a bike every day.    2. We study the maths this term.    3. They’re having a supper now.    4. A sun is bigger than the moon.    5. He was first to come to the meeting.    6. Three hundreds of students went to the park last Sunday.    7. He is ill. So he is in the bed.    8. The student and the Young Pioneer is going to help the old man.    9. Please give me a rice.    10. Wang Mei plays a piano very well.    11. Open window, please.    12. There is a dog in the room. A dog is hers.    13. There is a “m” in the word “may”.    14. It’s the April now.    15. The boy is in his twenty.

CBABD—DCADA—ABDDA—CDBAC

二. 1. 去掉a 2. 去掉 the 3. 去掉a   4. A-The 5. first 前加the 6. hundreds of ?C hundred 7. 去掉 the 8. is ?Care 9. a- some 10. a ?Csome 11. windows 前加the 12. A- The 13. a-an 14. 去掉 the 15. twenty-twenties

 

课时七  一般将来时

一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。

 

  一 . 一般将来时的构成：

  1. 由助动词“ shall/ will ＋动词原形”构成， shall 用于第一人称， will 用于第二、第三人称，而美式英语在陈述句中无论什么人称，一律用 will 。

 

  2. 一般将来时的否定和疑问形式：

  一般将来时的否定形式是 will not ，缩写为 won't; shall not ，缩写为 shan't 。

  一般将来时的疑问形式是把 will/ shall 提到主语前。如：

  He won’t go to the park this Sunday. 本周日他不去公园。

  Will you go swimming with me? 和我一起去游泳好吗？

 

  二 . 一般将来时的基本用法：

   1. 表示“纯粹的将来”：

  ①表示将要发生的动作或情况，常带有表示将来的时间状语，如 tomorrow, next week, in two days, from now on 等。如：It will be fine tomorrow. 明天天气晴朗。

  ②表示预料将要发生的动作或情况。如：

  You will feel better after having this medicine. 吃了这药，你就会感觉好些的。

  ③表示由于习惯倾向而会经常发生的动作，本用法中的 will 要重读。如：

  Boys will be boys. 〔谚语〕男孩毕竟是男孩。

 

  2. 表示“带有情态意义的将来”，用来表示意图，用 will 来表示。如：

   I will be more careful next time. 下次我要更加小心。

   I won't go shopping this afternoon, but she will.今天下午我不想去购物，但她想去。

  will 在疑问句中，用来表示有礼貌地征询对方的意见。如：

  Will you have some more tea? 要不要再喝点茶？

  What shall we do this weekend? 本周末我们要干什么？

 

  三 . 一般将来时的其它几种表示法：

  1. 用 be going to 表示：

  be going to 相当于一个助动词，与其后的动词原形一起构成句子的谓语，表示近期将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：

 I'm going to see a film this afternoon. 今天下午我想去看电影。

  ①“ be going to ＋动词原形”表示主观上打算在将来某个时间要做某事。如： Her mother is going to buy her a new bike. 她妈妈要给她买辆新自行车。

  ②“ be going to ＋动词原形”还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为将要发生的事。如： It's going to rain. 快要下雨了。

 

  2. 用一般现在时表示将来意义

  句中的动词是一般现在时，但所表示的意义却是一般将来时。如：

Are you free tomorrow? ＝ Are you going to be free tomorrow? 你明天有空吗？

  在时间 / 条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句习惯上用一般现在时表示将来的意义。如：Please tell him to go when he comes. 他来时，就让他去。

be going to与will的区别

be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：

1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：

He is going to write a letter tonight.

He will write a book one day.

2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。

He is seriously ill. He is going to die.

He will be twenty years old.

3. be going to含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如：

She is going to lend us her book.

He will be here in half an hour.

4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：

If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you

 

will和be going to的选用原则 1. 关于“打算”原先作好的打算用“be going to”。“Kate is in hospital.” “Yes, I know. I am going to see her this afternoon.”“凯特在住院。”“是的，我知道。我下午要去看她。”说话时即时的打算用“will”。“Kate is in hospital.” “Oh, really, I didn’t know. I will go and see her at once.”“凯特在住院。”“哦，是吗？我都不知道呢。我得马上去看她。”

2. 关于“预料”在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用“be going to”Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.你看天上的云。快下雨了。My God! We are going to crash.天哪！我们快撞车了。在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“will，be going to”皆可。I think the weather will be nice.I think the weather is going to be nice.我想天会晴朗。Do you think the car will start?Do you think the car is going to start?你想车能发动起来吗？当动词表示内心活动时，表示猜测的句子必须用“will”I think she will like the cake I made for her.我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。

"be going to"中的be是助动词，它有am, is, are三种形式，没有什么实际意义；to是动词不定式的标志词，标志词后动词用原形。它们三个总是形影不离，在句中共同表达"计划、打算、准备去做……"的意思。如：

I am going to sell this old car, and buy a new one. 我打算卖掉这辆旧车，然后买辆新车。

  

用法篇

  "be going to"必须与表示将来的时间信息词如this afternoon, tomorrow, the day

  after tomorrow以及next系列时间短语等连用。它可表示：

  1.事先经过考虑、安排近期要做的事情。如：

  They are going to the park this weekend. 他们打算这周末去公园。

  2.根据目前某种迹象判断某事非常有可能发生。如：

  What bad weather! It is going to snow tomorrow. 多糟的天气！看来明天要下雪。

另外

  1. "be going to"的肯定式是"主语 + be going to + do(动词原形) + ..."。上面的例句中就有肯定句，再仔细看看吧!

  2. "be going to"的否定式是在助动词be后加not，即：主语 + be + not + going to + do +... 如：

  Peter is not going to make a model ship. 彼得不打算做一个轮船模型。

  3. "be going to"的疑问式是把助动词be移到句首，即：Be+主语+going to do+...？这和be作联系动词时的用法相似。如：

  Are you going to mend his chair soon? Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 你打算马上给他修椅子吗？是的，马上修。/不，没这个想法。

 

一般将来时强化巩固习题

一、单项选择。

(   ) 1. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.

          A. will watching                   B. watches

          C. is watching                     D. is going to watch

(   ) 2. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.

          A. shall be                        B. will be

          C. shall going to be               D. will going to be

(   ) 3. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.

          A. are having                      B. are going to have

          C. will having                     D. is going to have

(   ) 4. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?

          A. Will; are                       B. Will; be

          C. Do; be                          D. Are; be

(   ) 5. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.

          A. will                            B. is

          C. will be                         D. be

(   ) 6. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?

          A. Are; going to borrow            B. Is; going to borrow

          C. Will; borrows                   D. Are; going to borrows

(   ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?

           A. will; go                         B. do; go

          C. will; going                       D. shall; go

 (   ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time.

           A. do                             B. will do

           C. going to do                      D. will doing

 (   ) 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park.

           A. will fly; will go                  B. will fly; goes

           C. is going to fly; will goes           D. flies; will go

 (   ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.

          A. will watching                    B. watches

           C. is watching                      D. is going to watch

 (   ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.

           A. shall be                         B. will be

           C. shall going to be                  D. will going to be

 (   ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.

           A. are having                       B. are going to have

           C. will having                       D. is going to have

 (   ) 22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?

          A. Will; are                         B. Will; be

           C. Do; be                           D. Are; be

 (   ) 23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.

          A. will                             B. is

          C. will be                           D. be

(   ) 24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?

          A. Are; going to borrow                B. Is; going to borrow

          C. Will; borrows                      D. Are; going to borrows

(   ) 25. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon?

        –________ （好的）.

          A. Yes, please                        B. Yes, you will.

           C. No, please.                        D. No, you won’t.

 (   ) 26. It ________ the year of the horse next year.

          A. is going to be                      B. is going to

          C. will be                            D. will is

 (   ) 27. ________ open the window?

           A. Will you please                     B. Please will you

          C. You please                         D. Do you

 (   ) 28. – Let’s go out to play football, shall we?

         – OK. I ________.

            A. will coming                     B. be going to come

            C. come                           D. am coming

 (   ) 29. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.

            A. takes                           B. will take

            C. spends                          D. will spend

 (   ) 30. The train ________ at 11.

            A. going to arrive                    B. will be arrive

            C. is going to                        D. is arriving

 

二、动词填空。

1. I am afraid there ______（be）a meeting this afternoon. I can’t join you.

2. Mike ______（believe, not）this until he ______（see）it with his own eyes.

3. Most of us don’t think their team ______（win）.

三、句型转换。

1. China is a modern and strong country.（in twenty years）

 

2. Do you study hard?（from now on）

 

3. She didn’t speak English at the meeting.（before long）

  

 

 

The keys:

一、单项选择。

1. D    2. B    3. B    4. B    5.C    6. B   16. D    

 17. B   18. A    19. D    20. B    21. B    22. B    23. C    24. B    

 25. A   26. A    27. A     28. D   29. B    30. D

二、动词填空。

1. will be          2. won’t believe ; sees    3. will win

三、句型转换。

1. China will be a modern and strong country in twenty years.

2. Will you study hard from now on?

3. She won’t speak English at the meeting before long.

 

 

课时七“There be句型

 

There be 句型1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2. 结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.           (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.        

there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。eg.  ① There is a bird in the tree.   树上有一只鸟。      ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.  我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。      ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。

1）.There be句型与have的区别

　　首先，从含义上说，There be表达的是“某地有某物”。

　　如，There is a tree in front of the house。房子前有一棵树。

　　而have讲的是“某人/某物拥有……”即指出的是宾语的所有者。

　　如：I have an interesting book。我有一本有趣的书。

The chair has three legs。这把椅子有三条腿。

　　其次，从直观上对比不难发现，一般There be句型直接置于句首，而have前面要有主语。这是因为There be句型是一个倒装句型，主语在be动词后。

2.）There be句型的就近原则

There be句型的就近原则也是主谓一致语法项目的重点考点。There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由后面挨近的一项的单复数决定。

　　如：There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk。

　　在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔，但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen，因此，be动词用单数is。

3）.There be句型的否定和疑问

There be句型的疑问句是把题目中具体的be动词形式提前，否定是在be动词后加not。但是一般后面的名词前有a或any，那么此时not any或not a可以转化为no。

　　如：There isn’t a book in the bag.=There is no book in the bag。

　　关于There be句型的反意疑问句需要特殊说明的是，后面的疑问部分要用使用句型原貌，不能将there改成it或其他代词。

　　如：There was a meeting yesterday, wasn’t there?不能写成wasn’t it。

4）.There be句型的时态

There be句型的时态根据时间状语和就近原则分别为：

　　一般现在时There is/are

　　一般过去时There was/were

　　一般将来时There is going to be/There will be

　　还有There used to be；There must/may/can be等形式。其中，一般将来时的形式在初中考试中常出现。

　　如：There _____ a basketball match tomorrow。

A.is going to haveB.are going to haveC.is going to beD.are going to be

　　由于就近原则我们当然选单数，排除B、D，由于题目横线前已表明There，所以选C。

5.）There be句型中的动词

There be句型中的动词根据需要，有时可以用lie/stand/live/enter/happen/remain/seem to be等代替be动词。如：

There stands a tree in front of the house。

Long long ago,There lived an old man. He was very poor。

6.There is+no+名词……句型

　　如：There is no need to tell him the news. He has known it。

　　常用句型有There is no need to do something。做某事没有必要。

There is no sense in doing something。做某事没有意义。

There is no point in doing something。做某事没有意义或没用。

 

 

一.选择填空

        (  )1.--Again, my computer does't work.

             --＿＿ must be something wrong with the CPU

             A.There         B.That         C.It          D.This

      

        (  )2.There ＿＿ some milk ,some eggs and a few apples on the table.

             A.is             B.are          C.has        D.have

 

        (  )3.there are so many green trees on ＿＿ sides of the street .      

             A.either          B.each         C.both       D.neither

 

        (  )4.there ＿＿ anything new in today's newspaper .

             A.is             B.are           C.isn't       D.aren't  

 

        (  )5.＿＿ there ＿＿books on the shelf ？

             A.are﹔a         B.is ﹔a         C.have ﹔some      D.are﹔any

 

        (  )6.there ＿＿ many elephants in Africa.      

             A.is             B.has            C.are       D.have

 

        (  )7.--is there a hotel near here？

             --＿＿.

             A.yes.please       B.not at all       C.sorry,i don't know    D.here you are

             

        (  )8.are there any ＿＿on the table？

             A.meat           B.cheese         C.tomatoes           D.papper

 

        (  )9.--where is my wallet ？

             --there ＿＿ a black ＿＿ on the floor.

             A.is﹔it           B.are﹔ones      C.is﹔one            D.are﹔one

             

        (  )10.there's ＿＿ eraser on ＿＿ desk.

             A. an﹔the         B.the﹔a         C.the﹔the           D.an﹔/

            

 

    二. 用所给词的适当形式填空。

 

        1.there are many ＿＿ (mouse) in the old house.

        2.there ＿＿(be) an airport in Suqian some day﹐i hope

        3.there ＿＿(be) four buildings built already in our school.

        4.there ＿＿(be)hardly any juice left ,isthere？

       

   三.根据汉语完成下列句子。

     ⒈看！天空中有奇怪的东西。

       Look！＿＿  ＿＿  ＿＿  ＿＿in Sky.

     ⒉没有水，地球上就没有生命。

       Without water, ＿＿ ＿＿ ＿＿no lift on eath.

     ⒊冰箱里有多少冰激凌？

       ＿＿ ＿＿ice cream ＿＿ ＿＿ in the fridge？

     ⒋黑板在我的课桌前面。

       ＿＿ ＿＿ a blackboard in front of my desk.

     ⒌一些老师在操场上。

       ＿＿ ＿＿ some teachers on the playground .

    四。改错

 

      (  )1.there are(a) a pen and(b) two books on(c)  the(d) desk.   ＿＿＿

      (  )2.there stand(a) a factory(b) by(c) the river(d)   ＿＿＿

      (  )3.there(a) is(b) a girl swim(c) in the lake(d)  ＿＿＿

      (  )4.there is(a) little(b) coffee in the(c) fridge ,isn't it(d)  ＿＿＿

      (  )5.there(a) weren't (b) any(c) meet in the fridge yesterday(d)  ＿＿＿

      (  )6.--is(a) there a(b) post office near hear？

           --yes﹐there(c) are(d) ＿＿＿

      (  )7.there(a) should have(b) something wrong(c) with(d) the machine. ＿＿＿

(  )8.there will(a) have(b) a meeting(c) in the afternoon(d) ＿＿＿      

      (  )9.are(a) they(b) any(c) paper on the desk(d) ＿＿＿

 (  )10.there(a) aren't(b) any tigers in the zoo ,is(c) there(d) ＿＿＿

 

答案： 一. 1.A“there is something wrong with”意为“……有些问题”。

    2.A  根据英语主谓一致中的就近原则，应用is，因为milk是不可数名词。

3.C  4.C  5.D  6.C  7.C  8.C  9.C  10.A

 

二. 1-4 mice, will be,has been,is.

三. 1-5  1.there is something strange

               2.there can be

3.how much,is there

               4.there is

5.there are

 

四.1.a  are-is 2.a  stand-stands

          3.c  swim-swimming  4.d  it-there  

          5.b  weren't-wasn't    6.d  are-is

          7.b  have-be         8.b  have-be

          9.a  are-is           10.c  is-are

 

 

 

 

 

课时十  一般过去时态

1.定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。

2.结构：

如果动词是Be动词（was/were）,构成主系表的结构。

  即：主语+系动词（was/were）+ 表语

 She was a teacher last year, but now she is a housewife.

 They were late for school yesterday.

如果动词是实义动词或除be动词以外的其它连系动词，需要将句中的动词变为过去时，结构如下

 即：主语+ 谓语动词（过去时）+ 宾语

  We lived in Chongqing last year.

  I got up late, so I missed the first bus.

  He fell asleep just now.

  He left for Shanghai an hour ago.

 

3.动词过去式的构成：

（1）规则动词的过去式，过去分词的构成：

规则/类别	动词原形	过去式	过去分词
一般情况加-ed	help, look, work, talk	helped, looked, worked, talked	helped, looked, worked, talked
词尾为不发音的字母-e时，直接加-d	like, live, love, move	liked, lived, loved, moved	liked, lived, loved, moved
词尾为“辅音字母+y”时，变y为i，再加-ed	try study cry	tried, studied, cried	tried, studied, cried
以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母后加-ed	plan, stop . nod , chat	planned, stopped . nodded chatted	planned, stopped . nodded chatted

 

特别提示：

1. 在清辅音后读／t ／ 如：helped  stopped

2. 在元音或辅音后读／d ／ 如：stayed  agreed

3. 在辅音／t ／，／d ／后读／id／ 如： wanted  needed

 

（2）不规则动词变化表：( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词)

be(am,is)	was	been		lose		lost	lost
be(are)	were	been		make		made	made
beat	beat	beaten		may		might
become	became	become		mean		meant	meant
begin	began	begun		meet		met	met
blow	blew	blown		mistake		mistook	mistaken
break	broke	broken		must		must
bring	brought	brought		pay		paid	paid
build	built	built		put		put	put
buy	bought	bought		read		read	Read
can	could			ride		rode	ridden
catch	caught	caught		ring		rang	rung
choose	chose	chosen		rise		rose	risen
come	came	come		run		ran	run
cost	cost	cost		say		said	said
cut	cut	cut		see		saw	seen
dig	dug	dug		sell		sold	sold
do	did	done		send		sent	sent
draw	drew	drawn		set		set	set
drink	drank	drunk		shall		should
drive	drove	driven		shine	shone		shone
eat	ate	eaten		show	showed		shown
fall	fell	fallen		shut	shut		shut
feel	felt	felt		sing	sang		sung
find	found	found		sink	sank/sunk		sunk/sunken
fly	flew	flown		sit	set		set
forget	forgot	forgot/forgotten		sleep	slept		slept
freeze	froze	frozen		smell	smelt		smelt
get	got	got		speak	spoke		spoken
give	gave	given		spend	spent		spent
go	went	gone		spill	spilt		spilt
grow	grew	grown		spoil	spoilt		spoilt
hang	hung/hanged	hung/hanged		stand	stood		stood
have(has)	had	had		sweep	swept		swept
hear	heard	heard		swim	swam		swum
hide	hid	hidden		take	took		taken
hit	hit	hit		teach	taught		taught
hold	held	held		tell	told		told
hurt	hurt	hurt		think	thought		thought
keep	kept	kept		throw	threw		thrown
know	knew	known		understand	understood		understood
lay	laid	laid		wake	woke/waked		woken/waked
learn	learnt/learned	learnt/learned		wear	wore		worn
leave	left	left		will	would
lend	lent	lent		win	won		won
let	let	let		write	wrote		witten
lie	lay	lain

 

4.用法及时间状语：

① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。

如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.

 Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.

 When he went into the room, he saw a stranger talking with his father.

② 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。

如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)

③ 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。

如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young.

Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.

④ 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)

⑤ 表示过去将要发生的动作。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将要发生的动作。

We would turn to him for help when we were in trouble.

He would let me know when he got information. 

He promised to give me a dress when he came back next week.

 

 

选择填空

(    ) 1. Lee ________ his mobile phone at home.      

A. leave       B. leaves      C. leaved      D. left   

(    ) 2. _____ he ________ a good rest? No, he didn’t.      

A. Do, had      B. Did, have     C. Did, had     D. Was, had    

(    ) 3. As soon as he ________, he ______ to his family.      

A. arrived, writes     B. arrived, written      C. arrived, wrote     D. arriveds, write    

(    ) 4. Mr. Black was late because he _______ his way.   

A. losted      B. lose     C. loses     D. lost    

(    ) 5. When _________ Lee ________ school this morning?      

A. did, got to  B. did, get to   C. did, get   D. did, got     

(    ) 6. Will you please say it again? I ________ quite _______ you.      

A. didn’t, hear         B. don’t, heard     C. didn’t, heard           D. don’t, hear

(    ) 7. ______ you ________ at six o’clock yesterday?  

A. Do ,get up    B. Did, get up    C. Do, got up    D. Did, got up

(    ) 8.What did you see _________?

A. now    B. every day    C. these days    D. just now

(    ) 9.He went into the room and _______ the door.

A. lock    B. locking    C. locks    D. locked

(    ) 10. —What _____ you _______ last week?   —I bought a bag.

A. did ,buy    B. did , bought    C. do, buy    D. do, bought

(    ) 11. —_____ he ____ his lunch?  — Yes, he did.

A. Does ,has    B. Does, have   C. Did, have    D. Did, had  

(    )12.—Did the thieves _____ into the car? —No, they______.

A. fell, didn’t  B. fall(落下), did  C. jump（跳）, didn’t  D. jump, did

(    ) 13. -When did May come back from Hong Kong?  -She __ from Hong Kong last Friday.

A. come back    B. comes back    C. returned back    D. came back

(    ) 14. ____ she _____ this dictionary in the bookshop nearby last week?

A. Did, buy   B. Does, buy  C. Did, bought   D. Does, buys

(    ) 15. He ____ to the station this morning and was______ for the train.

A. hurry, in time   B. hurries, on time   C. hurried, in time    D. hurried, at time

(    ) 16. Where _____ Uncle Sun yesterday? A. was   B. were   C. did   D. does

(    ) 17. —Have you seen him today?    —Yes, I ____ him this morning.

A. seeing   B. see    C. sees    D. saw

(    ) 18. He ______ worried when he heard the news. A. is     B. was    C. does   D. did

(    ) 19. There _____ a telephone call for my brother Steven yesterday?

A. is    B. are   C. was    D. were

(    ) 20. Liu Fengwei _____ three yuan for the lost library book.

A. paid   B. pay   C. spent   D. lost

(    ) 21. He ____ in this school in 1958.

A. taught    B. teach    C. teaches    D. teaching

(    ) 22. They _____ tired so they stopped ____ a rest.

A. are, have   B. were, have   C. were, to have   D. are, having

(    ) 23. Yesterday I _____ in bed all day because I had a fever.

A. lay    B. lie   C. laid   D. lied

(    ) 24. It was raining hard when he ____ home.

A. got  B. get   C. gets  D. was getting

(    ) 25. She said her brother ____ in Beijing. He ______ to Japan on business last week.

A. wasn’t, went    B. hasn’t, went    C. wasn’t, go     D. isn’t, went  

　　二、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式

go ___         ____   ___      ____      enjoy  __      _____       __      _____

buy __      _____    ____      ___       eat __      _____         _       ______

get ___      ____    __      ____        walk __      _____               _____

take ___      ____   __      _           dance ____      ___ ____         ___

write _      ______        ____          run ___      ____ ___      ____

swim ____      ___  __      __          find ____      ___ ____      ___

begin __      _____   __      _____       eat ____      ___ ___      ____

play ___      ____     ____      _        study _____      __ ___      ____

　　三、用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.

2. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o'clock last night.

So he ______  (get) up late.

3. Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning.

4. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.

5. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday.

6. There ____________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)

7. -When _______ you _________ (come) to china?-Last year.

8. _________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?

9. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?

10. There ________ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _________ (have) no time to watch it.

五、1.D 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.D 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.A 21.A 22.C 23.A 24.A 25.A