what引导的名词性从句
what 引导的名词性从句有：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 表达的意思有：1. 表示“……的东西或事情”；2. 表示“……的人或的样子”；3. 表示“……的数量或数目”；4. 表示“……的时间”；5. 表示“……的地方”：
从句类别
(1) what 引导主语从句
例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡.
[ indifferent adj.不关心的;冷漠的]
(2) what 引导宾语从句
例：We can learn what we do not know.
我们能学会我们不懂的东西。
(3) what 引导表语从句
例：That is what I want.
那正是我所要的。
(4) what 引导同位语从句
例：I have no idea what they are talking about.
我不知道他们正在谈论什么.
what常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句.what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：
一是：它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么”，“所…的”，“…的样子”等.
二是：它在相应的名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语，宾语或表语.
表达意思
1. 表示“……的东西或事情”。（what= the thing that）
They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？
3. 表示“……的数量或数目”。（what=the amount that）
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
4. 表示“……的时间”。（what=the time that）
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
5. 表示“……的地方”。（what=the place that）
This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
(1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：
你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。
正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.
误：You can have everything what you like.
(2) 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：
I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。
He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
(3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：
误：I gave him what book I had.
(4) What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：
what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：
I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。
I spent what little time I had with her. 我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。
容易出错的地方
（单句改错） He was interested in that he had seen at the exhibition.
解析 that→what。介词in后的宾语从句中缺少宾语，应用what。
点拨
that不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用；what可作主语、宾语、表语、定语，既充当从句的一个成分，又引导一个从句，意为“什么”“……的人”“……的地方”“……的样子”。
which是一个连接代词，在名词性从句中一般充当主语，宾语或定语，意思是“哪一个”。
I don’t know what you want to choose. 我不知道你想选择什么。
I don’t know which one you want to choose from the three jobs.
我不知道你想选三个工作中的哪一个。
（单句改错） I wanted to know what school it was that you went to in the city.
解析 what→which。句意为：我想知道你究竟上的是这个城市的哪所学校。which引导宾语从句， 修饰后面的school，有限定词的作用，含有疑问意义。
how在名词性从句中充当方式状语，表示方式方法，相当于the way in which，可翻译为“怎样、怎么”，如：I still remember how I left my hometown for the first time. 而what则在从句当中可以充当主语、表语和宾语。
（单句改错） I don’t know how we can do with the present situation.
解析 how→what。what和do with构成搭配，而how则deal with构成搭配。
what单独使用，只能引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等，意思是“什么（事、情况、内容等）”；
whatever既可以引导名词性从句，也能引导让步状语从句，意思是“无论/不管什么（事、情况、内容等）”。
Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。（=Anything that she did was right.）
What she did was right. 她做的事情是对的。（= The thing that she did was right.）
（单句改错） What happens， it will never change my Chinese heart.
解析 What→Whatever. 此处为让步状语从句，whatever happens相当于no matter what happens。
首先请同学们用三种句型翻译以下这句话：
众所周知，上周举行的聚会是一个巨大的成功。
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该句子的三种翻译中，第一种是用what引导的主语从句，第二句是用it做形式主语引导的主语从句，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句；第三句是用as引导的非限制性定语从句。尽管意思一样，句式却各不相同。
________ is known to us all is that the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held
in Beijing.
解析 What。句意为：众所周知，2022年冬奥会将在北京举行。________ is known to us
all是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what引导主语从句。
点拨
解决这类问题，应首先分析句子结构，搞清楚究竟属于哪一种句型，再确定应该使用的词语。此外，还应特别注意在短文改错当中，可能对这几种句式进行混淆。
总而言之，要解答what引导名词性从句这类题目中的易错易混点，关键在于分析清楚句子结构，知道引导词的使用习惯。通过判断引导词在从句中所做的成分，来选择正确的引导词。、
最后，请同学们完成以下几道单句改错，看看问题都出在哪里：
1. That is whatever other teachers say.
2. He was interested in that he had seen at the exhibition.
3. Education is that remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in
school.
4. Nowadays parents tend to do everything for their children and that’s what
they help them.
5. It is unbelievable what she should make such a mistake.
6. In our life， we often regret what we did and which we couldn’t do.
7. Finally， we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared.
8. I didn’t know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me.
9. The problem is what the “Play” doesn’t work at all.
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例题分析
01
If you swim in a river or lake， be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
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02
It is difficult for us to imagine ________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
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03
Eventually， I decided to follow her and _______ happened truly amazed me.
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04
The manager put forward a suggestion _______ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether B. that
C. which D. what
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05
（单句改错） He was interested in that he had seen at the exhibition.
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06
Why did you go to the wrong class， Mr. Wang？
―Well， I forget _______ I was supposed to go to.
A. which the room B. which room
C. what the room D. what room
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07
（单句改错） I wanted to know what school it was that you went to in the city.
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08
（单句改错）
The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
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09
（单句改错） I don’t know how we can do with the present situation.
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10
（单句改错）What happens， it will never change my Chinese heart.
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11
It is often the case ______ anything is possible for those who
hang on to hope.
A. why B. what
C. as D. that
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12
________ is known to us all is that the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held in Beijing.
A. why B. what
C. as D. that
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翻译练习
用what从句翻译以下句子
1. 他把他知道的事情告诉了她。 (tell sth to sb)
2. 老师通知学生明天野营需要带的东西。（inform sb of sth)
3. 每当我遇到困难，我的朋友们总是竭尽所能帮助我。
4. 最令我印象深刻的（地方）是他极好的性格。
5. 重要的是态度而非结果
用两种以上句型翻译以下句子
1. 把你买的东西拿给我看。
2. 我们需要的是钱。
3. 这是他想要的东西。
4.他们尽一切努力来帮助她。
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