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主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。译成汉语，往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。
She closed the door. （主动语态）她关了门。
The door was closed by her.（被动语态）门被她关上了。
被动语态：由“be+及物动词过去分词构成（+by）”构成。
被动语态的时态变化只需要改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问句和否定句同样如此。
肯定句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+（by）
The cake was eaten by Lily.
否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+（by）
The cake wasn't eaten by Lily.
一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by）？
Was the cake eaten by Lily?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by）?
不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
The old bridge was built many years ago.这座古桥是许多年前建造的。
They have been poorly paid.他们的工资太低。
Your plan is considered to be the best.你的计划被认为是最好的。
These books are written especially for children.这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“这些书”)
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
Once a promise is made, it shouldn't be broken.诺言一旦许下，就不能违背。
（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语，如果主动句的宾语是代词，需变为主格。
（2）将谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”，be与新主语的人称和数一致，时态不变
（3）将主动语态的主语前加by放在谓语动词后，如果原主语是代词，需要变为宾格。
主动句：They held a meeting yesterday.他们昨天开会了。
变被动句：A meeting was held (by them) yesterday.昨天举行了一个会议。
口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done, 时不变，数格必须随被变。
（1）主动句中的主语如果是people，we，you，they，somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”等，变为被动句时，通常删除“by…“，除需强调原主语外。
They built this building in 1995.这所建筑于1995年建造。
→This building was built in 1995.
Only he can finish the job.这项工作只能由他来完成。
→The job can be finished only by him.
（2）主动语态中若有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子
Vivian told us the truth. 双宾语（us是间宾， truth是直宾）
→We were told the truth by Vivian.间接宾语提前
→The truth was told (to) us by Vivian.直接宾语提前
部分直接宾语提前时，前需加介词。动词make/buy/get用for; 动词give/send/lend/take用to。
三、谓语动为感使动词，含有宾语+宾语补足语的句子，变成被动句后，原来的宾语补足语变成主语补足语。注意，不带to的不定式作主语补足语需要加上to。
口诀： “感使动词” (feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, look at)真奇怪，主动结构“to”走开，被动结构又请来，十个动词要记牢，不会被它再难倒。
I heard Ann sing the song just now.我刚才听见安唱这首歌了。
→Ann was heard to sing the song just now.
We saw him play football on the playground.我们看见他在操场上打篮球。
→He was seen to play football on the playground.
四、含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，把宾语从句后置。
We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon.我们决定这项计划必须马上实施。
→It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon.
Parents often ask their children to do too much homework.
→The children are often asked to do too much homework.
→Too much homework is often asked to be done by the children.
1、部分连系动词主动形式表示被动之意，如：look，feel，smell，sound，prove等，
The flower smells sweet.这些花闻起来很香。
Mary proves very nice and patient.玛丽被证明很温和，有耐心。
2、有些动词当强调动作执行情况时, 有被动语态；当表示主语内在”品质“或”性能“时，用作不及物动词，无被动语态。如：lock，shut，close，open，move，read，write，smell，wash，clean，draw，cut，translate，burn，run，ride，begin，end，operate等。
This article translate hard.这篇文章很难翻译。
The door won't shut.这个门关不上。
The computers were sold out, because they sell well.电脑被卖光了，因为它们卖得好。
The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。
3、某些动词在句型”主+谓+主补“时，主动形式表示被动，如wear，blow，prove等。
The window blew open.窗户吹开了。
4、不用于被动语态的动词，如happen，cost，take，have（有），own，possess，want（缺乏）。
An accident happened yesterday.昨天发生了一起事故。
One should possess courage, determination and wisdom.人要拥有勇气、决心和智慧。
5、”动词+反身代词“结构与”be+过去分词“结构，这些短语经常用被动结构表示主动意义。
devote oneself to：献身于
seat oneself：就坐
dress oneself：穿衣
amuse oneself：自娱自乐
lose oneself：迷路
prepare oneself for：做好心理准备
They were seated in the front of the hall.他们在大厅前部就坐。
He was concernd about his work.他担心他的工作。
All my students are well prepared for the test.我的学生都为考试做好了准备。
His mother is dressed in white at the party.他的妈妈在宴会上穿着白色衣服。
1）现代英语特别是口语中常用”get + 过去分词“表示被动语态。
2）”get +过去分词“只表示动作，而“be+过去分词”既可表动作，也可表状态。
They have been married for ages.他们结婚多年了。
They got married last month.他们上个月结婚了。
3）经过安排、考虑的动作用“be+过去分词”；出乎意料时用“get+过去分词”、
How did the painting get damaged?这幅画怎么被损坏的？
4）“be+过去分词”是单纯的被动意义，而“get+过去分词”可以暗示主语对动作的发生有一定的责任，含有某种主动意味。
His team got beaten again though they had tried their best.虽然他们尽了全力，他的队伍还是输了。
7、在时间、条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。
If l am given enough time, I will do it better.给我足够的时间，我会做得更好。
Such a bad habit should be got rid of.这样的坏习惯应该改掉。（of 不可以省去的）
9、在“too…to…”结构和形容词 enough to do结构中，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The problem is too difficult to work out.
10、It is said/ reported/ supposed/ hoped/ well known/ generally considered/ suggested/ believed… +从句，表示据说/据报道/据推测/希望/众所周知/普遍认为/有人建议/据信……
此句型可变成：sb. + be said/ reported/ believed… +不定式。
如果原来从句的谓语动作已完成，不定式用完成式；如果从句的谓语动作是经常性动作或还没有完成，用不定式的一般式。
It is said that James is an expert on DNA. 人们说詹姆斯是个DNA专家。
→ James is said to be an expert on DNA.
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。
→The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
We're determined to set up an eco-laboratory.我们决定建立一个生态实验室。
My time was interested in fine arts.我对美术非常感兴趣。
Where was your grandfather born?你祖父的出生地是哪里？
I was graduated from that university ten years ago.我十年前从那所大学毕业。
My hometown is situated in the south of China.我的家乡在中国南部。
1.In the spoken Englis of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words______.
A.are dropped B.drop C.are being dropped D.have dropped
2.Experiments of this kind______ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A.have conducted B.have been conducted C.had conducted D.had been conducted
3.He______ some pieces of advice, but he______ to them.
A.gave, didn't listen B.was given, wasn't listened C.give, wasn't listened D.was given, didn't listen
4.This coastal area______ a national wildlife reserve last year.
A.was named B.named C.is named D.names
5.A lot of tall buildings______ in his hometown in the last three years.
A.have set up B.have been set up C.were set up D.set up
6.They______ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.
A.had finished B.have finished C.had been finished D.have been finished
7.Great changes______ place. Many new schools______.
A.have taken, have been opened B.take, are open C.are taken, open D.have been taken, are opened
8.We can't use the bridge now, because it______.
A.has been repaired B.is repairing C.is repaired D.is being repaired
9.I______ the way to the railway station by a policeman.
A.was shown B.showed C.have shown D.was showing
10.The waw the old soldier remembers very well______ in 1941.
A.broke out B.had been broken out C.was broken D.had broken out
11.When water______, it will be changed into vapour.
A.is heated B.heating C.has heated D.heats
12.We can't enter the room because its door______, but you couldn't lock it at all before.
A.locked B.locks C.is locked D.is locking
13.They______ day and night, so they had no time to stay with their families.
A.are made work B.are made to work C.made to be worked D.are making to work
14.Man-made satellites______ into space by many countries.
A.was sent up B.is sent up C.have been sent up D.has been sent up
15.When______ the People's Republic of China______?
A.was, found B.was, founded C.did, found D.does, found
16.A strang thing______in our school yesterday.
A.was happened B.has been happened C.happened D.was going to happen
17.He will stop showing off, if no notic______of him.
A.is taken B.will be taken C.takes D.has taken
18.It is said that another new car factory______ now.
Yeah. It______ one and a half years.
A.is building; is taken B.is being built; will take C.is built D.is being built; takes
19.I know Mr Brown; we______ to each other at an international conference.
A.are introduced B.have been introduced C.were introduced D.had been introduced
20.I______ to a party, but I've got nothing to wear.
Why don't you have a dress made for the party?
A.was asked B.will ask C.have asked D.have been asked
21.What do you think of this kind of TV set, which______ in Shanghai?
Well, I don't care such things.
A.was made B.is made C.has been made D.had been made
22.The vegetables didn't taste very good. They______ too long.
A.had been cooked B.were cooked C.had cooked D.cooked
23.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I______ the cloth ______ well.
A.have told; washes B.have been told; washes C.was told; washed D.have been told; is washed
24.In some parts of the world, tea______ with milk and sugar.
A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served
25.The new dictionaries are very useful. They ______ well and ______ already.
A.sell, have been sold out B.sold, had sold out C.sell, sell out D.are sold, have been sold out
26.The train______ arrives at 11:30, but it was an hour late.
A.was about to B.was likely to C.was supposed to D.was proved to
27.The teacher told his students that they______to be useful men to the country.
A.were all expected B.were all expecting C.all were expected D.all expected
28.Why did you leave that position?
I______ a better position at IBM.
A.offer B.offered C.am offered D.was offered
29.The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which______ placed under the Minster's car.
A.has been B.was being C.had been D.would be
30.The hero's sory______ differently in the newspapers.
A.was reported B.was reporting C.reports D.reported
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I saw the boy run yesterday.
2.He told me that he would come back soon.
3.You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.
4.Do you water your flowers every day?
5.The wind blew down the big tree last night.
6.I think that he is right.
7.He had not thrown the bad food.
8.Mother was not mending the trousers.
9.The would not take him to Beijing.
10.Nobody knew me in this town at that time.
1.A。句子是有关美语中的一个语法现象的，是经常性的状态，且这个音节是人为漏掉的，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。
2.D。实验（experiments）和动词conduct（实施）是被动关系，而且是在“before the Second World War”进行的，即“过去的过去”，所以选D。
3.D。give接双宾语，“他”应被给一些建议，排除A、C；“他”听从建议，是主动关系，所以选D。
4.A。句意：这个沿海地区去年被命名为国家级野生动物保护区。
5.B。in the last three years在过去三年里，一般与现在完成时连用，“建筑物”与“set up”是动宾关系，所以用B。
6.A。by the end of last month到上个月末为止，一般要用过去完成时；“They“是”finish“的执行者，所以选A。
7.A。take place发生，不能用被动语态；”school“是”被开设（open）“的，而且现在已经有了变化，要用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的结果，因此选A。
9.A。警察给”我“指路，”我“与”指路“是被动关系。
10.A。break out爆发，是不可数名词，不用被语态；过去某时发生的事，要用一般过去时。
12.C。门是被锁的，用被动语态。注意lock也有不及物动词的用法，表示主语的特征，不用被动语态，如：The door won't lock.这个门锁不上。
13.B。make sb. do sth.使某人做某事，变成被动句后要把do前省略的to加上。They与动词work是主动的，因此要用不定式的主动式。
14.C。句意：许多国家都发射了人造卫星。根据句意应用现在完成时，卫星是被发射的，因此用C。
15.B。found动词（原形），意为”建立“，过去式、过去分词是founded。
16.C。happen是不及物动词，不用被动语态。
17.A。如主句用将来时，在时间、条件和让步状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。又因if从句是被动语态，是短语”take no notice of…（不注意）“中的notice（take的宾语）提前做了主语，故选A。句意：如果不注意他，他就不会卖弄了。
18.B。根据主语与build之间的被动关系和now，可知要选现在进行时的被动语态；因工厂正在修建，花费一年半应指将来。
19.C。在一个国际会议上”被介绍“显然发生在过去。
20.D。由but分句中的现在时和答语所提建议内容，可知应选现在完成时的被动语态。
21.B。这种电视产于上海是客观事实，故用一般现在时。
22.A。cook发生在didn't taste very good之前，且与主语之间有被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
23.B。动词wash，lock，sell，wear，write，read，open，shut，clean等动词的主语是物，且又表示主语的特征下状态时，要用主动形式表示被动意义。tell与I是被动关系，表示”别人告诉我“。wash well好洗。
24.B。茶是被”端上/提供“的，而且说的是一个事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。
25.A。第一空解析见23；sell out卖光，与书是被动关系，从第一句的时态可知用现在完成时的被动语态。
26.C。be supposed to应该；be about to do正要做，一般不与具体时间连用；be likely to do可能做。
27.A。句意：老师告诉他的学生他们被期望成为对国家有且的人。
28.D。offer sb. sth.主动提供给某人某物；从问句时态可知答语中要一般过去时。句意：--你为什么离职呀？--IBM给了我一个更好的。
29.C。小盒子是在警察注意到之前放的，所以用过去完成时。句意：那个警察的注意力突然被吸引到一个安放在部长汽车下面的一个小盒子上。
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The boy was seen to run by me yesterday.
2.I was told that he would come back soon.
3.A lot of differences can be found by you between the two languages.
4.Are your flowers watered every day?
5.The big tree was blown down last night.
6.It is thought that he is right.
7.The bad food had not been thrown.
8.The trousers were not being mended by my mother.
9.He would not be taken to Beijing.
10.I was known by nobody in this town at that time.
（综合整理，如有侵权请告知删除）
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