inversion语法

倒

INVERSION

装

句

为了强调某些成分而颠倒原有自然语序的句式（一般指主谓倒装，即谓语置于主语之前）。

完全倒装FULL INVERSION：谓语部分全部置于主语之前（此结构一般用于一般现在时和一般过去时）。

Eg: Here comes the bus.

部分倒装PARTIAL INVERSION：谓语的一部分（助动词、be动词、情态动词）置于主语之前

Eg: Only when I got there did I know the truth. 

地点/方式/时间状语放句首，且主语是名词，句子完全倒装（常为副词或介词短语，如：here, there, now, then,  up, down, in, out, away, off, on the wall, under the tree…）。

Eg: 

1. There goes the bell.

2. There stands a desk against the wall.

3. Here is Tom.

4. Then came a new difficulty. 

5. Then began a bitter war between the two countries. 

6. Now comes your turn.

7. By the window stands a pretty young lady.

8. South of the river lies a small factory.

9. Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.

10. Among the crowd is his teacher Ms. Green.

11. To be carefully considered are the following questions.

12. Buried in the sands was an ancient village.

注：当主语是人称代词时，不倒装。

Eg: 

1. There she is. 

2. Here I am.

（1）英语疑问句常需进行部分倒装

Eg:

1. Do you know any English poem?

2. Is he good at math?

3. Can you speak English?

4. What do you do for a living?

注：疑问词在句中作主语时，不倒装。

Eg: 

1. Who is your English teacher?

2. What happened last night? 

（2）否定副词/介词短语放句首，句子部分倒装。

（如：not, never, nor, neither, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely, at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition, neither ... nor ..., not until ... , hardly ... when ..., scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ...）

Eg: 

1. Never before have I seen such a moving film.

2. Not a single mistake did he make.

3. Little did the local government care about the safety of the poor children.

4. Hardly does she have time to read books.

5. Seldom does he come on time.

6. No word did he say before he left.

7. Neither/Nor do I know him.

8. I promised that in no case would I give in.

常考结构：

•Not until… 直到……才（引导时间状语从句，主倒从不倒）

Eg: 

1. Not until I failed in the exam did I realize how much time I have wasted.（主句倒装，从句不倒）

•Neither…nor…既不……也不……（连接两个分句，前倒后也倒）

Eg: 

1. Nether did I know this nor did I want to.

2. Neither has he done it, nor will he do it.

•hardly ... when ..., scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ...一……就……（主倒从不倒/前倒后不倒）

Eg: 

1. Hardly had he sworn to God when it thundered.

2. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

3. Scarcely had he seen me when he ran away.

（3）Only+状语（副词、介词短语或从句），放在句首，句子部分倒装。

Eg: 

1. Only then did he realize his mistake.

2. Only in this way can we learn English well.

3. Only when he returned did we find out the truth. （主句倒装，从句不倒）

（4）Not only… but also… 不但……而且，连接两个分句，当not only放句首时，该分句倒装（前倒后不倒）

Eg:

1. Not only did my brother cheat me out of my money but also insulted my intelligence.

2. Not only do I know him, but I am also his classmate.

（5）As/though引导让步状语从句，从句进行部分倒装（表语、谓语或状语倒装）。

Eg: 

1. Tired as/though he was, he still went on with his study. （表语前置）

2. Child as he is, he knows to help others. （表语前置）

3. Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything. （表语前置）

4. Improbable as it seems, it’s true. （表语前置）

5. Hard as / though he was working, he didn’t pass the exam. （状语前置）

6. Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days. （状语前置）

7. Object as you may, I’ll go. （谓语前置）

8. Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. （谓语前置）

（6）so + be/助动词/情态动词+主语“…也是如此”

neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语“…也非如此”

Eg: 

1. Emily is going to that party today, so am I.

2. My brother cannot speak French, neither/nor can his best friend.

（7）虚拟条件句的倒装

含有助动词had, were或者情态动词should的if虚拟条件从句，如省略if，则需将had, were, should移到主语前，构成倒装句。

Eg:

1. Had you come yesterday, you would have seen her.

2. Were he here now, he would help us.

3. Should it rain, the game would be cancelled.　　

（8）So/such…that 引导结果状语从句结构中，so + adj./adv.或者such + (a/an) + adj. + n放句首，主句部分倒装。To such a degree/length/(an extent)/…+倒装部分+that从句

Eg:

1. So much homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.

2. So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask my teacher for advice.

3. Such a good boy is he that he is always ready to help. = So good a boy is he that he is always ready to help.

4. To such an extent do the parents love their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of his.

（9）May表祝愿 

Eg:

1. May you be happy! 

2. May our friendship last long! 

记忆口诀：不只让步也需如此祝福。