被动语法结构

对应页码 unit22 p44-45

今天的知识点不难，但是很零碎。准备好了吗？一起来梳理下吧！

①give sb sth的结构中sb是间接宾语（indirect object)，sth是直接宾语（direct object)。有两种被动：

sb is given sth

sth is given to sb [非正式语体：sth is given sb]

类似的词还有：

award; hand; lend; offer; send; throw; ask; read; teach...

②如果是explain sth to sb的结构，被动语态只能用sth is explained to sb。

类似的词：announce; demonstrate; describe; introduce; mention; propose; report; suggest...

利用下面的练习巩固一下这个知识点：

2. offer sb sth：

    sth is offered (to) sb;

    sb is offered sth.

3. propose sth to sb→sth is proposed to sb.

4. suggest sth to sb→sth is suggested to sb.

5. award sb sth:

    sb is awarded sth;

    sth is awarded to sb.

6. announce sth to sb→sth is announced to sb.

7. mention sth to sb→sth is mentioned to sb.

8. lend sb sth:

    sb is lent sth;

    sth is lent to sb.

9. send sb sth:

    sb is sent sth;

    sth is sent to sb.

10. explain sth to sb→sth is explained to sb.

elect sb sth的被动结构：sb is elected sth。

注意这和give sb sth的区别。give中sth是直接宾语，sb是间接宾语；而elect中sb是宾语，后面的sth是补语。

make sb do sth的被动：sb is made to do sth;

feel sb do sth→sb is felt to do sth;

hear sb do sth→sb is heard to do sth;

observe sb do sth→sb is observed to do sth;

see sb do sth→sb is seen to do sth.

解析：

2. introduce a to b→a is introduced to b.

3. see sb→sb is seen;

4. appoint sb sth→sb is appointed sth;

5. demonstrate sth to sb→sth is demonstrated.

6. declare sb sth→sb is declared sth.

有一些是没有被动语态的：

come up against a problem/difficulty 碰到困难

brush up on sth 复习

cast your mind back to sth 回想

get sth down 写下 

take after sb 长得像（某个家庭成员）

还有一些取决于具体含义：

call sb up:

征召入伍：被动sb is called up

给...打电话：无被动

call sb back:

叫...回来：被动 sb is called back

给...回电话：无被动

let in:

let sb in 准许某人入内：被动sb is let in

let air/light/water in 透气/光/渗水: 无被动

let out：

let sb out 准许某人离开：被动sb is let out

let out a sound 发出声音: 无被动

解析：

3的get sth down，5的brush up on sth，6的call sb back表示“回电”都是没有被动结构的。

2 phase out a product→a product is phased out.

4 deprive sb of sth → sb is deprived of sth.

7 hold over sth→ sth is held over..

8 prevent sb from doing sth→ sb is prevented from doing sth.

借助这些表格，慢慢熟悉吧(ง •_•)ง