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Influenza, one of the most common infectious diseases, is a highly contagious airborne disease that occurs in seasonal epidemics and manifests as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of systemic symptoms.
流感是最常见的传染病之一，是一种具有高度接触性的经空气传播的疾病，呈季节性流行，表现为急性发热性疾病，伴有不同程度的全身症状。
Influenza results from infection with 1 of 3 basic types of influenza virus: A, B, or C.
流感由感染 3 种基本流感病毒中的一种引起：A、B 或 C。
Direct contact. Transmission of influenza from poultry or pigs to humans appears to occur predominantly as a result of direct contact with infected animals.
Unhygienic food preparation. The risk is especially high during slaughter and preparation for consumption; eating properly cooked meat poses nor risk.
Aerosol transmission. Influenza viruses spread from human to human via aerosols created when an infected individual coughs or sneezes; infection occurs after an immunologically susceptible person inhales the aerosol; if not neutralized by secretory antibodies, the virus invades airway and respiratory tract cells.
Contact with contaminated objects. Contact with excrement from infected birds or contaminated surfaces or water are also considered mechanisms of infection.
直接联系。流感从家禽或猪传播给人类似乎主要是由于直接接触受感染的动物。
不卫生的食物准备。在屠宰和准备食用期间风险特别高；吃适当煮熟的肉也不会有风险。
气溶胶传播。流感病毒通过感染者咳嗽或打喷嚏时产生的气溶胶在人与人之间传播；免疫易感者吸入气雾剂后发生感染；如果不被分泌性抗体中和，病毒就会侵入气道和呼吸道细胞。
接触受污染的物品。接触受感染鸟类的排泄物或受污染的表面或水也被认为是感染机制。
The presentation of influenza virus infection varies; however, it usually includes many of the symptoms described below.
流感病毒感染的表现各不相同；但是，它通常包括下面描述的许多症状。
Cough. Cough and other respiratory symptoms may be initially minimal but frequently progress as the infection evolves; patient may report nonproductive cough, cough-related pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea.
Fever. Fever may vary widely among patients, with some having low fevers and other developing fevers as high as 1040F; some patients report feeling feverish and feeling chills.
Sore throat. Sore throat may be severe and may last 3-5 days; the sore throat may be a significant reason why patients seek medical attention.
Myalgia. Myalgias are common and range from mild to severe.
Weakness. Weakness and severe fatigue may prevent patients from performing their normal activities or work; patients report needing additional sleep; in some cases, patients with influenza may be bedridden.
咳嗽。咳嗽和其他呼吸道症状最初可能很轻微，但随着感染的发展而经常加重；患者可能会报告干咳、咳嗽相关的胸膜炎性胸痛和呼吸困难。
发烧。患者之间的发烧可能差异很大，有些人发低烧，而其他人则发烧高达 104 0 F；一些患者报告感到发烧和发冷。
喉咙痛。喉咙痛可能很严重，可能会持续 3-5 天；喉咙痛可能是患者就医的一个重要原因。
肌痛。肌痛很常见，范围从轻微到严重。
虚弱。虚弱和严重疲劳可能会妨碍患者进行正常活动或工作；患者报告需要额外睡眠；在某些情况下，流感患者可能卧床不起。
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