文化方面英文翻译

Hi, I'm Shuenam.

众多翻译考试会考查【中国传统文化】话题，因此我整理最近几年六级考试涉及到传统文化的翻译真题，大家积累一下相关翻译表达和句式。

不要小看六级翻译很简单哟，还真的一翻，发现还是有很多值得学习、优化的地方哟。

下一篇再跟大家分享专八考试涉及到传统文化的翻译真题。

【以下均收集于往年英语六级翻译真题】

徐霞客

【真题】

徐霞客是中国明代的著名地理学家，他花费了三十多年的时间游遍了大半个中国。他主要靠徒步跋涉，寻访了许多荒远偏解的地区。他把自己的见闻和考察结果详编记录下来，为后人留下了珍贵的考察资料。他通过对许多河流的实地调查，纠正了文献中关于水源的错误。他还详细地描述了地形、气候等因素对植物的影响，生动地描绘了各地的名胜古迹和风土人情。他的考察记录由后人整理成了《徐霞客游记》，在国内外产生了广泛的影响。

【译文】

Xu Xiake was a famous geographer in the Ming Dynasty of China. He spent more than thirty years traveling through most of China, mainly on foot, to explore many remote and desolate areas. He recorded his observations and research results in detail, leaving valuable information for future generations. Through field investigations of many rivers, he corrected errors in literature about their sources. He also described in detail the influence of topography, climate, and other factors on plants, vividly portraying the scenery, historical sites, and local customs of various regions. His records of exploration were compiled by later generations into The Travels of Xu Xiake, which had a wide impact both in China and abroad.

郑和

【真题】

郑和是中国历史上最杰出的航海家，在航海、外交、军事等诸多领域都表现出非凡的智慧和卓越的才能。他曾七次率领庞大的船队远航，访问了西太平洋和印度洋的许多国家和地区，加深了中国同东南亚、东非的相互了解。郑和下西洋对中外的经济和文化交流起到了十分积极的推进作用，也为维护区域和平做出了巨大贡献。为了永远铭记郑和及其丰功伟绩，7月11日，即郑和首次率船队远航启程的日子，被定为中国的航海节。

【译文】

Zheng He is the most outstanding navigator in Chinese history, displaying exceptional wisdom and talent in many fields such as navigation diplomacy, and military. He led a massive fleet on seven voyages to visit many countries and regions in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans, deepening mutual understanding between China and Southeast Asia as well as East Africa. Zheng He's voyages to the west played a very positive role in promoting economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, as well as making enormous contributions to maintaining regional peace. In order to forever remember Zheng He and his great achievements, July 11, the day when Zheng He set sail with his fleet for the first time, has been designated as China's Maritime Day.

张骞

【真题】

张骞（Zhang Qian）是中国第一个伟大的探险家。他不畏艰险，克服重重困难，两次出使西域，开通了中国同西亚和欧洲的通商关系，将中国的丝和丝织品运往西亚和欧洲，开拓了历史上著名的“丝绸之路”。同时，他又将西域的风土人情、地理文化以及特有物种等介绍到中原，极大地开阔了人们的视野。正如历史学家所指出的那样，如果没有张骞出使西域，就不可能有丝绸之路的开辟，也就不会有汉朝同西域或欧洲的文化交流。

【译文】

Zhang Qian was the first great explorer in China. He was not afraid of difficulties and overcame many obstacles, making two trips to the Western Regions. He established trade relations between China, Western Asia, and Europe, transporting China's silk and silk fabrics to these regions, and opening up the famous "Silk Road" in history. At the same time, he introduced the customs, geographic cultures and unique species of the Western Regions to the Central Plains, greatly broadening people's horizons. As historians have pointed out, without Zhang Qian's missions to the Western Regions, the Silk Road would not have been opened, and there would not【注意没有根据中文使用if，而是without用法，十分常用！】 have been cultural exchanges between the Han Dynasty and Western Asia or Europe.

春联

【真题】

贴春联是中国人庆祝春节的重要习俗。春联由一对诗和四字横联组成。这些诗句写在水平卷轴上，用金色或黑色的红纸书写。红色代表幸运，金色代表财富。春联贴在大门的左右两侧和门框上方。

春联的诗句体现了中国传统诗歌的特点。这两行字数相同，内容相关。突出春联主题的横文更是锦上添花。春联文字简洁，形象生动，表达了一种美好的视觉。当家家户户贴上春联时，人们就会到达，春节就正式开始了。

【译文】

Pasting the Spring Festival couplets is an important custom for Chinese people to celebrate the Spring Festival. The Spring Festival couplets consist of a pair of poems and four character horizontal scrolls. The verses are written in horizontal scrolls on red paper in gold or black. Red represents luck and gold represents wealth. The Spring Festival couplets are pasted on the left and right sides of the gate and above the door frame.
The lines of the Spring Festival couplets embody the characteristics of traditional Chinese poetry. The two lines have the same number of characters and are related in content. The horizontal inscription highlighting the theme of the Spring Festival couplets is even the icing on the top（=ice on the cake锦上添花）. The Spring Festival couplets are described in simple words, vivid images, and express a beautiful vision. When every household pastes the Spring Festival couplets, people will arrive and the Spring Festival has officially kicked off.  

印章

【真题】

自古以来，印章就是地位和权力的象征。印章，是书法和雕塑相结合的古老艺术，不仅是一种实用物品，也是一种艺术形式。从材料的选择制作程序到字体的设计，印章都有丰富的美学表现。其他国家的艺术家通常在他们的画作上签名，但中国艺术家往往喜欢用印章来代替书画上的签名。这样一来，印章也成为作品的一个组成部分。这是显示作品独特性的一种方式。

【译文】

Since antiquity（=history古代）, the seal has been the symbol of status and power. Seal, which is an ancient art combining calligraphy and sculpture, is not only a practical article but also an art form. From the selection of materials, and the production procedures to the design of fonts, seals are rich in aesthetic expressions. Artists in other countries usually sign their paintings on site, but Chinese artists often prefer seals to signatures on their paintings and calligraphy. In this way, the seal also becomes an integral part of the work. This is a way to show the uniqueness of the work.

《西游记》

《西游记》( Journey to the West)也许是中国文学四大经典小说中最具影响力的一部，当然也是在国外最广为人知的一部小说。这部小说描绘了著名僧侣玄奘在三个随从的陪同下穿越中国西部地区前往印度取经( Buddhist scripture)的艰难历程。虽然故事的主题基于佛教，但这部小说采用了大量中国民间故事和神话的素材，创造了各种栩栩如生的人物和动物形象。其中最著名的是孙悟空，他与各种各样妖魔作斗争的故事几乎为每个中国孩子所熟知。

【参考译文】

Journey to the West is perhaps the most influential of the four classic novels in Chinese literature, and of course it is also the most widely known novel in foreign countries. The novel describes that Xuanzang, a famous monk accompanied by three followers, travelled arduously（努力地） through western China to India for the Buddhist scripture. Although the main story is based on Buddhism, the novel uses a large number of Chinese folk stories and myths of material, creating a variety of vivid  figures and animal images. The most famous of them is Sun Wukong, whose story of fighting against all kinds of demons is familiar to almost every Chinese child.

《红楼梦》

《红楼梦》( Dream of the Red Chamber)是18世纪曹雪芹创作的一部小说。曹雪芹基于自己痛苦的个人经历，讲述了贾宝玉和林黛玉之间的悲剧性爱情故事。书中有大约30个主要人物和400多个次要人物，每个人物都刻画得栩栩如生，具有鲜明的个性。小说详尽地描述了四个贵族世家兴衰的历程，反映了封建社会隐藏的种种危机和错综复杂的社会冲突。《红楼梦》融合了现实主义和浪漫主义，具有很强的艺术感染力。它被普遍认为是中国最伟大的小说，也是世界上最伟大的文学创作之一。

【参考译文】

Dream of Red Chamber is a novel written by Cao Xueqin in the 18th century. Based on her own painful experience, Cao Xueqin narrates the tragic love story between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu. There are about 30 major characters and 400 minor ones in this book, each of whom have been portrayed vividly and personalized distinctly. The novel elaborates onthe rise and fall of four noble families, mirroring（反映不一定要用show啦，学起来） various crises and complex social conflicts concealed in the feudal society.
A Dream of the Red Mansion integrates realism and romanticism, filled with strong artistic appeal. It is universally reckoned the greatest novel in China and one of the most epic literary creations worldwide.

《水浒传》

《水浒传》（Water Margin）是中国文学四大经典小说之一。这部小说基于历史人物宋江及其伙伴反抗封建帝王的故事，数百年来一直深受中国读者的喜爱。毫不夸张地说，几乎每个中国人都熟悉小说中的一些主要人物。这部小说中的精彩故事在茶馆、戏剧舞台、广播电视、电影屏幕和无数家庭中反复讲述。事实上，这部小说的影响已经远远超出了国界。越来越多的外国读者也感到这部小说里的故事生动感人、趣味盎然。

【参考译文】

Water Margin is one of the four classical novels in Chinese literature. The novel, based on the story of the historical character Song Jiang and his companions' rebellion against the feudal emperor, has been deeply loved by Chinese readers for centuries.

It is no exaggeration to say that almost every Chinese is familiar with some of the main characters in the novel. The wonderful stories in this novel have been told and retold in teahouses, on stage, on television, on film and in countless homes. In fact, the novel's impact has gone far beyond its borders. More and more foreign readers also find the stories in this novel vivid, moving and interesting.

三国演义

【原文】

《三国演义》写于14世纪，是中国著名的历史小说。这部文学作品以三国时期的历史为基础，描写了从二世纪下半叶到三世纪下半叶魏、蜀、吴之间的战争。小说描写了近千个人物和无数的历史事件。虽然这些人物和事件大多是基于真实的历史，但它们都不同程度地被浪漫化和戏剧化了。《三国演义》是一部公认的文学巨著。自出版以来，这部小说吸引了一代又一代的读者，对中国文化产生了广泛而持久的影响。

【译文】

Written in the fourteenth century, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a well-known historical novel in China. This literary work, which is based on the history of the Three Kingdoms period, describes the war between Wei, Shu and Wu from the second half of the second century to the second half of the third century. The novel depicts nearly a thousand personalities and countless historical events. Most of these characters and events are on the basis of real historical events, but they are romanticized and dramatized to varying degrees. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is recognized as a literary classic. This novel has attracted readers from generations to generation since its publication, and has a wide and profound impact on Chinese culture.

梅花

【原文】

梅花(plum blossom)位居中国十大名花之首，源于中国南方，已有三千多年的栽培和种植历史。隆冬时节，五颜六色的梅花不畏严寒，迎着风雪傲然绽放。在中国传统文化中，梅花象征着坚强、纯洁、高雅，激励人们不畏艰难、砥砺前行。自古以来，许多诗人和画家从梅花中获取灵感，创作了无数不朽的作品。普通大众也都喜爱梅花，春节期间常用于家庭装饰。南京市已将梅花定为市花，每年举办梅花节，成千上万的人冒着严寒到梅花山踏雪赏梅。

【译文】

Plum blossom, which originated in south China, tops the ten most famous flowers of China and has a planting history of more than 3000 years. In mid-winter, colorful plum flowers blossom boldly against the cold. In traditional Chinese culture, plum blossom, which symbolizes toughness, purity and grace, motivates a large body of individuals to move on regardless of the hardship. Many poets and painters gained inspiration from the flower and created countless immortal works ever since ancient times. Ordinary people also love plum blossom, and often use them to decorate their home during the Spring Festival. Nanjing City has designated plum blossom as the city flower and holds the flower festival every year. Thousands of people will visit Meihua Mountain to admire the plum blossom in snow despite of the coldness.

荷花

【原文】

荷花是中国的名花之一，深受人们喜爱。中国许多地方的湖泊和池塘都适宜荷花生长。荷花色彩鲜艳，夏日清晨绽放，夜晚闭合，花期长达两三个月，吸引来自各地的游客前往观赏。荷花具有多种功能，既能绿化水面，又能美化庭园，还可净化水质、减少污染、改善环境。荷花迎骄阳而不惧，出污泥而不染，象征纯洁、高雅，常来比喻人的高尚品德，历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。荷花盛开的地方也是许多摄影爱好者经常光顾之地。

【翻译译文】

Lotus is one of the most famous flowers in China and is loved deeply by people. The lakes and ponds in many places of China are fit for lotus to grow. Lotus, which features（有...特点） bright color, blossoms in the summer morning and closes in the evening with a long flowering phase of two to three months, attracts tourists all over the country to appreciate it. Moreover, lotus has multiple functions. It can not only make water surface green and beautify courtyards but also purify water, reduce pollution and improve environment. Due to its characters of not fearing the blazing sun and keeping clean in the dirty soil, lotus symbolizes purity and elegance. It is often used to represent people’s noble virtues so that it has become significant themes for poets and painters throughout the Chinese history. Meanwhile, the places where lotus blooms always attracts many photographers to take photos.

牡丹

【原文】

牡丹花色艳丽，形象高雅，象征着和平与繁荣，因而在中国被称为“花中之王”。中国许多地方都培育和种植牡丹。千百年来，创造了许多诗歌和绘画赞美牡丹。唐代时期，牡丹在皇家园林普遍种植并被誉为国花，因而特别风行。十世纪时，洛阳古城成为牡丹栽培中心，而且这一地位一直保持到今天。现在成千上万的国内游客蜂拥到洛阳参加一年一度的牡丹节，欣赏洛阳牡丹的独特之美，同时探索九朝古都的历史。

【译文】

Peony, which features bright colour and graceful shape,symbolizes peace and prosperity and is thus well recognized as “kings of flowers”. Peonies are cultivated and grown in many places of China. For thousands of years, a great number of poems and paintings have been produced to praise the flower. In the Tang Dynasty, peonies were planted so widely in the royal gardens as “the national flower”that they enjoyed great popularity across the country. In the 10th century, the ancient city of Luoyang became the centre of peony planting, and has remained as such since then. Nowadays，hundreds of thousands of domestic tourists pour in Luoyang for the annual peony festival, when they can both appreciate the unique beauty of the flowers and explore the history of the city which is known as the capital of nine dynasties.

学汉语

【原文】

随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，学汉语的人数迅速增加，使汉语成了世界上人们最爱学的语言之一。近年来，中国大学在国际上的排名也有了明显的提高。由于中国教育的巨大进步，中国成为最受海外学生欢迎的留学目的地之一就不足为奇了。2015年，近40万国际学生蜂拥来到中国市场。他们学习的科目不再限于中国语言和文化，而包括科学与工程。在全球教育市场上，美国和英国仍占主导地位，但中国正在迅速赶上。

【译文】

With China's booming economy, the number of people who learn Chinese grows rapidly. It makes Chinese become one of the favorite languages that people would like to learn. Recently, Chinese universities rise significantly in world university rankings. Since the significant progress made in Chinese education, it is no wonder that China has been one of the most favored places for overseas students. In 2015, nearly 400,000 international students swarmed into the Chinese market. Not confined to Chinese language and culture, the subjects they choose to learn also include science and engineering. Although the global market is still dominated by US and UK, China is striving to catch up.

方言

【原文】

中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。方言在发音上差别最大，词汇和语法差别较小。有些方言，特别是北方和南方的方言，差异很大，以至于说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话。方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分，但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。为了鼓励人们更多说本地方言，一些地方政府已经采取措施，如在学校开设方言课，在广播和电视上播放方言节目，以期保存本地的文化遗产。

【译文】

China is a vast country with a large population, and in many places people speak their own dialects. Dialects differ most in pronunciation, but less in vocabulary and grammar. Some dialects, especially those from the north and south, are so different that speakers of different dialects often have trouble understanding each other. Dialects are considered an integral part of local culture, but the number of people who can speak them has been decreasing in recent years. In order to encourage people to speak more local dialects, some local governments have adopted approaches, such as opening dialect classes in schools and broadcasting dialect programs on radio and television in order to preserve local cultural heritage.

成语

【原文】

成语是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。它们高度简练且形式固定，但通常能形象地表达深刻的含义。成语大多来源于中国古代的文学作品，通常与某些神话、传说或历史事件有关。如果不知道某个成语的出处，就很难理解其确切含义。因为，学习成语有助于人们更好地理解中国传统文化。成语在日常会话和文学创作中广泛使用。恰当使用成语可以使一个人的语言更具表现力，交流更有效。

【译文】

Chinese idiom is a unique way of expression in Chinese, mostly composed of four Chinese characters. Although highly concise and fixed in form, they usually entail profound meanings. Most idioms stem from ancient Chinese literature and are usually related with certain myths, legends or historical events. It is difficult to understand its exact meaning with little knowledge of its origin as learning idioms helps people better understand Chinese traditional culture. Idioms are widely used in daily conversation and literary creation. Proper use of idioms can make a person's language more expressive and help todeliver a more effective communication.

宋朝

【原文】

宋朝始于960年，一直延续到1279年。这一时期，中国经济大幅增长，成为世界上进的经济体，科学、技术、哲学和数学蓬勃发展，宋代中国是世界历史上首先发行纸币的国家。宋朝还最早使用火药并发明了活字(movable-lype)印刷。人口增长迅速，越来越多的人住进城市，那里有热门的娱乐场所。社会生活多种多样。人们聚焦在一起观看和交易珍贵艺术品。宋朝的政府体制在当时也是先进的。政府官员均通过竞争性考试选拔任用。

【译文】

The Song Dynasty began in the year 960 and lasted to the year 1279. During this period, China's economy developed rapidly and had become the most advanced economy, and its science, technology, philosophy and mathematicians boomed too. During the Song Dynasty, China was the first country that issued paper money in the history of the world, gunpowder was first used,and the movable-type printing was also invented. As the population increased fast, more and more people moved to cities, where existed many entertainment places. The social life wasdiverse. People could gather together towatch and exchange valuable artworks there. The government system was also advanced at that time. The government officials were all selected and employed by competitive exams.

明朝

【原文】

明朝统治中国276年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。这一时期，手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销售。同时，还进口许多外国商品，如时钟和烟草。北京、南京、扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。也是在明代，由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次大规模探险航行。还值得一提的是，中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明朝。

【译文】

The Ming Dynasty, which reigned China for 276 years, is described as one of the greatest epochs with orderly governance and social stability in human history. During this period, the development of handicraft industry promoted the development of market economy and urbanization. Large scale of commodities, including wine and silk, were sold in the market. Meanwhile, many foreign goods such as clocks and tobacco were imported. Business centers like Beijing, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Suzhou were taking shape in succession. It was also in Ming Dynasty that Zheng He led the seven large-scale expeditions to the Indian Ocean. Particularly worth mentioning is that three of the four great classics in Chinese literature are written during the Ming Dynasty.

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