根据课堂PPT后整理,适合校车上记忆
微生物学简史 |
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Microscope |
显微镜 |
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Antony van leeuwenhoek |
吕文虎克 |
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Louis Pasteur |
巴斯德 |
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Joseph Lister |
李斯德 |
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Robert Koch |
郭霍 |
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Koch postulate |
郭霍法则 |
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molecular Koch postulate |
分子郭霍法则 |
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细菌形态与结构 |
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Bacterium |
细菌 |
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Coccus |
球菌 |
||||
Diplococcus |
双球菌 |
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Bacillus |
杆菌 |
||||
Spiral bacterium |
螺型菌 |
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Vibrio |
弧菌 |
||||
Spirillum |
螺菌 |
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Polymorphism |
多形性 |
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Cell wall |
细胞壁 |
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Peptidoglycan |
肽聚糖 |
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Mucopeptide |
粘肽 |
||||
Glycopeptide |
糖肽 |
||||
Murein |
胞壁质 |
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N-acetylmuramic acid, NAM |
N-乙酰胞壁酸 |
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N-acetylglucosamine, NAG |
N-乙酰葡糖胺 |
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Diaminopimelic acid, DAP |
二氨基庚二酸 |
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Teichoic acid |
磷壁酸 |
||||
Ribitol |
核糖醇 |
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Lipoteichoic acid LTA |
脂磷壁酸 |
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Outer membrane |
外膜 |
||||
Lipopolysaccharide LPS |
脂多糖 |
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Lipid A |
脂质A |
||||
Lysozyme |
溶菌酶 |
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Protoplast |
原生质体 |
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Spheroplast |
圆球体 |
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Bactrrial L form |
细菌L形 |
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Cytoplasmic membrane |
细胞膜 |
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Mesosome |
中介体 |
||||
Cytoplasm |
细胞质 |
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Ribosome |
核糖体 |
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Plasmid |
质粒 |
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Inclusion |
内含物 |
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Metachromatic granule |
异染颗粒 |
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Volutin |
纡回体 |
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Nuclear material |
核质 |
||||
Nucleoid |
拟核 |
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Capsule |
荚膜 |
||||
Microcapsule |
微荚膜 |
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Slime layer |
黏液层 |
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Smooth colony |
光滑型菌落 |
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Mucoid colony |
黏液型菌落 |
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Rough colony |
粗糙型菌落 |
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Flagellum |
鞭毛 |
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Pilus(fimbria) |
菌毛 |
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Common pilus |
普通菌毛 |
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Sex pilus |
性菌毛 |
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Fertility |
致育性 |
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Spore |
芽孢 |
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Endospore |
内芽孢 |
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Vegetative form |
繁殖体 |
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Spore wall |
芽孢壁 |
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Cortex |
皮质层 |
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Coat |
芽孢壳 |
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Exosporium |
芽孢外衣 |
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Light microscope |
光学显微镜 |
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Electron microscope |
电子显微镜 |
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Dark microscope |
暗视野显微镜 |
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Gram stain |
革兰染色法 |
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细菌生理 |
|||||
Bacterial metabolism |
细菌代谢 |
||||
Obligate aerobe |
专性需氧菌 |
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Microaerophilic bacterium |
微需氧菌 |
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Facultative anaerobe |
兼性厌氧菌 |
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Obligate anaerobe |
专性厌氧菌 |
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Superoxide dismutase SOD |
超氧化物歧化酶 |
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Catalase |
触酶 |
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Peroxidase |
过氧化物酶 |
||||
Binary fission |
二分裂法 |
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Growth curve |
生长曲线 |
||||
Lag phase |
迟晚期 |
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Logarithmic phase |
对数生长期 |
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Stationary phase |
稳定期 |
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Decline phase |
衰亡期 |
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Autotroph |
自养菌 |
||||
Heterotroph |
异养菌 |
||||
Saprophyte |
腐生菌 |
||||
Permease |
通透酶 |
||||
Fermentation |
发酵 |
||||
Pyrogen |
热原质 |
||||
Antibiotic |
抗生素 |
||||
Exotoxin |
外毒素 |
||||
Endotoxin |
内毒素 |
||||
Bacteriocin |
细菌素 |
||||
Culture medium |
培养基 |
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Basal medium |
基础培养基 |
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Nutrient medium |
营养培养基 |
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Selective medium |
选择性培养基 |
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Different medium |
鉴别培养基 |
||||
Anaerobic medium |
厌养培养基 |
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Cooked meat medium |
庖肉培养基 |
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Colony |
菌落,克隆 |
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Pure culture |
纯培养 |
||||
Agar |
琼脂 |
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细菌遗传和变异 |
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Heredity |
遗传 |
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Variation |
变异 |
||||
Genotype |
基因型 |
||||
Phenotype |
表型 |
||||
Chromosome |
染色体 |
||||
Replication fork |
复制叉 |
||||
Leading strand |
前导链 |
||||
Lagging strand |
随从链 |
||||
Semiconservative replication |
半保留复制 |
||||
Plasmid |
质粒 |
||||
Conjugative plasmid |
接合性质粒 |
||||
Non-conjugative plasmid |
非接合性质粒 |
||||
Curing |
消失 |
||||
Fertility plasmid |
致育性质粒,F质粒 |
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Resistance plasmid |
耐药性质粒,R质粒 |
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Colicinogenic plasmid |
大肠杆菌定居原性质粒, Col质粒 |
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Virulence plasmid |
毒力质粒,V质粒 |
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Episome |
附加子 |
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Compatibility |
相容性 |
||||
Incompatibility |
不相容性 |
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Transposable element |
转位因子 |
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Transposase |
转位酶 |
||||
Insertion sequence IS |
插入序列 |
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Transposon TN |
转座子 |
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Bacteriophage phage |
噬菌体 |
||||
Virulent phage |
毒性噬菌体 |
||||
Temperate phage |
温和噬菌体 |
||||
Lysogeny |
溶原性 |
||||
Lysogenic phage |
溶原性噬菌体 |
||||
Lysogenic bacterium |
溶原性细菌 |
||||
Prophage |
前噬菌体 |
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Attachment |
吸附 |
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Adsorption |
吸附 |
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Penetration |
穿入 |
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Biosynthesis |
生物合成 |
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Maturation |
成熟 |
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Release |
释放 |
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Mutation |
突变 |
||||
Spontaneous mutation |
自发突变 |
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Point mutation |
点突变 |
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Chromosome aberration |
染色体畸变 |
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Base pair substitution |
碱基置换 |
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Open reading frame |
开阅框架 |
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Transition |
转换 |
||||
Transversion |
颠换 |
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Deletion |
缺失 |
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Translocation |
易位 |
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Duplication |
重复 |
||||
Inversion |
倒位 |
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Frame shift mutation |
移码突变 |
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Missense mutation |
误义突变 |
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Nonsense mutation |
无义突变 |
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Backward mutation |
回复突变 |
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Mutation suppression |
突变校正 |
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Intragenic suppression |
基因内校正 |
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Extragenic suppression |
基因间校正 |
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Fluctuation test |
波动试验,彷徨试验 |
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Replica planting |
平板培养影印试验 |
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Auxotroph |
营养缺陷型 |
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Prototroph |
原养型 |
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Conditional lethal mutation |
条件致死性突变 |
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Temperature sensitive mutant |
温度敏感突变株,Ts株 |
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Bacilli Calmette-Guerin, BCG |
卡介苗 |
||||
Recombination |
重组 |
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Gene transfer |
基因转移 |
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Transformation |
转化 |
||||
Transforming principle |
转化因子 |
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Competence |
感受态 |
||||
Transduction |
转导 |
||||
General transduction |
普遍性转导 |
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Abortive transduction |
流产转导 |
||||
Restricted transduction |
局限性转导 |
||||
Transducing phage |
转导噬菌体 |
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Conjugation |
接合 |
||||
High frequency recombinant, Hfr |
高频重组株 |
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Interrupted matting experiment |
间断交配试验 |
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Sexduction |
性导 |
||||
Resistance transfer factor, RTF |
耐药转移因子 |
||||
Resistance determinant, r-det |
耐药决定因子 |
||||
Lysogenic conversion |
溶原性转换 |
||||
Gene engineering |
基因工程 |
||||
Ames test |
Ames试验 |
||||
细菌感染的致病机制 |
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Pathogenic bacterium |
病原菌,致病菌 |
||||
Pathogen 病原菌,致病菌 |
|||||
Non pathogen |
非致病菌 |
||||
Conditional pathogen |
条件致病菌 |
||||
Opportunistic pathogen |
机会性致病菌 |
||||
Normal flora |
正常菌群 |
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Membrane flora |
膜菌群 |
||||
Dysbacteriosis |
菌群失调 |
||||
Flora disequilibrium |
菌群失调 |
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Superinfection |
二重感染 |
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Nosocomial infection |
医院内感染 |
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Hospital acquired infection |
医院内获得性感染 |
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Cross infection |
交叉感染 |
||||
Iatrogenic infection |
医源性感染 |
||||
Environmental infection |
环境感染 |
||||
Self-infection |
自身感染 |
||||
Lethal dose for 0.5 of host, LD50 |
半数致死量 |
||||
Median lethal dose, LD50 |
半数致死量 |
||||
Infestious dose for 0.5 of host, ID50 |
半数感染量 |
||||
Median infective dose, ID50 |
半数感染量 |
||||
Virulence |
毒力 |
||||
Invasion |
侵袭 |
||||
Invasiveness |
侵袭力 |
||||
Adherence |
黏附 |
||||
Adhesin |
黏附素 |
||||
Receptor |
受体 |
||||
Antiphagocytic factor |
抗吞噬因子 |
||||
Exoenzyme |
胞外酶 |
||||
Leukocidin |
杀白细胞素 |
||||
Cytolytic toxin |
溶细胞毒素 |
||||
Kinase |
激酶 |
||||
Hyaluronidase |
透明质酸酶 |
||||
Collagenase |
胶原酶 |
||||
IgA1 protease |
IgA1蛋白酶 |
||||
Toxigenicity |
产毒性 |
||||
Toxin |
毒素 |
||||
Exotoxin |
外毒素 |
||||
Cytotoxin |
细胞毒素 |
||||
Neurotoxin |
神经毒素 |
||||
Enterotoxin |
肠毒素 |
||||
Endotoxin |
内毒素 |
||||
Lipopolysaccharide, LPS |
脂多糖 |
||||
Prostaglandin |
前列腺素 |
||||
Disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC |
弥漫性血管内凝血 |
||||
Limulus test |
鲎试验 |
||||
Toxoid |
类毒素 |
||||
Subclinic infection |
隐性感染,亚临床感染 |
||||
Clinic infection |
显性感染,临床感染 |
||||
Acute infection |
急性感染 |
||||
Chronic infection |
慢性感染 |
||||
Local infection |
局部感染 |
||||
Generalized infection |
全身感染 |
||||
Latent infection |
潜伏感染 |
||||
Toxemia |
毒血症 |
||||
Bacteremia |
菌血症 |
||||
Septicemia |
败血症 |
||||
Pyemia |
脓毒血症 |
||||
Carrier |
带菌者 |
||||
抗菌免疫机制 |
|||||
Innate immunity |
天然免疫 |
||||
Nonspecific immunity |
非特异性免疫 |
||||
Acquired immunity |
获得性免疫 |
||||
Specific immunity |
特异性免疫 |
||||
Myeloperoxidase |
髓过氧化物酶 |
||||
Defesin |
防御素 |
||||
Lactoferrin |
乳铁蛋白 |
||||
Reactive oxygen intermediate, ROW |
活性氧中介物 |
||||
Phagosome |
吞噬体 |
||||
Lysosome |
溶酶体 |
||||
Phagolysosome |
吞噬溶酶体 |
||||
Phagocytosis |
吞噬 |
||||
Pinocytosis |
吞饮 |
||||
Respiratory burst |
呼吸爆发 |
||||
细菌感染防治原则 |
|||||
Vaccine |
疫苗 |
||||
Bioproduct |
生物制品 |
||||
Artificial active immunity |
人工主动免疫 |
||||
Artificial passive immunity |
人工被动免疫 |
||||
Liposome |
脂质体 |
||||
Toxoid |
类毒素 |
||||
Bacille calmette-Guerin , BCG |
卡介苗 |
||||
Minimal inhibitory concentration , MIC |
最低抑菌浓度 |
||||
Minimal bactericidal concentration ,MBC |
最低杀菌浓度 |
||||
葡萄球菌 |
|||||
Staphylococcus |
葡萄球菌 |
||||
S.aureus |
金黄色葡萄球菌 |
||||
S.epidermidis |
表皮葡萄球菌 |
||||
S.saprophyticus |
腐生葡萄球菌 |
||||
Staphylococcal protein A, SPA |
葡萄球菌A蛋白 |
||||
Coagglutination |
协同凝集试验 |
||||
Coaggulase |
凝固酶 |
||||
Free coaggulase |
游离凝固酶 |
||||
Bound coaggulase |
结合凝固酶 |
||||
Staphylolysin |
葡萄球菌溶血素 |
||||
Leukocidin |
杀白细胞素 |
||||
Enterotoxin |
肠毒素 |
||||
Exfoliative toxin, exfoliatin |
表皮剥脱毒素 |
||||
Epidemolytic toxin |
表皮溶解毒素 |
||||
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, SSSS |
葡萄球菌皮肤烫伤样综合症 |
||||
Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 |
毒性休克综合症毒素-1 |
||||
Coaggulase –negative staphylococcus, CNS |
凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌 |
||||
链球菌 |
|||||
Streptococcus 链球菌 |
|||||
α-hemolytic streptococcus |
甲型溶血性链球菌 |
||||
β-hemolytic streptococcus |
乙型溶血性链球菌 |
||||
γ-hemolytic streptococcus |
丙型溶血性链球菌 |
||||
group A streptococcus |
A群链球菌 |
||||
streptokinase, SK |
链激酶 |
||||
streptodornase, SD |
链道酶 |
||||
hyaluronidase |
透明质酸酶 |
||||
streptolysin |
链球菌溶血素 |
||||
streptolysin O, SLO |
链球菌溶血素O |
||||
streptolysin S, SLS |
链球菌溶血素S |
||||
pyrogenic exotoxin |
致热外毒素 |
||||
erythrogenic toxin |
红疹毒素 |
||||
scarlet fever toxin |
猩红热毒素 |
||||
S. Agalatiae |
无乳链球菌 |
||||
Antistreptolysin O test, ASO test |
抗链球菌溶血素O试验 |
||||
pneumococcus |
肺炎球菌 |
||||
S. Pneumococcus |
肺炎链球菌 |
||||
Optochin test (Optochin–ethylhydrocupreine dihydrochloride) |
奥普托辛试验 |
||||
Quellung reaction |
荚膜肿胀试验 |
||||
奈瑟菌属 |
|||||
Neisseria |
奈瑟菌属 |
||||
N.meningitidis |
脑膜炎奈氏菌 |
||||
Meningococcus |
脑膜炎球菌 |
||||
N.gonorrhoeae |
淋病奈氏菌 |
||||
Gonococcus |
淋球菌 |
||||
肠杆菌科 |
|||||
Enteric bacilli |
肠道杆菌 |
||||
Enterobacteriaceae |
肠杆菌科 |
||||
Salmonella |
沙门菌属 |
||||
S.typhi |
伤寒杆菌 |
||||
S.typhimurium |
鼠伤寒沙门菌 |
||||
S.enteritidis |
肠炎沙门菌 |
||||
S.anatum |
鸭沙门菌 |
||||
Virulence antigen, Vi antigen |
Vi抗原 |
||||
Widal test |
肥达试验 |
||||
埃希菌属 |
|
E.coli |
大肠杆菌 |
Esherichia |
埃希菌属 |
Colonization factor antigen , CFA |
定居因子抗原 |
Invasin |
侵袭素 |
Uropathogenic E.coli, |
尿道致病性大肠杆菌 |
Enterotoxigenic E.coli, ETEC |
肠产毒性大肠埃希菌 |
Enteroinvasive E.coli, EIEC |
肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌 |
Enteropathogenic E.coli, EPEC |
肠致病性大肠埃希菌 |
Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, EHEC |
肠出血性大肠埃希菌 |
Enteroaggregative E.coli, EAEC |
肠集聚性大肠埃希菌 |
Enterocolitis |
小肠结肠炎 |
Heat labile enterotoxin , LT |
不耐热肠毒素 |
Heat stable enterotoxin , ST |
耐热肠毒素 |
Haemolytic uraemic symdrome , HUS |
溶血性尿毒综合症 |
Proteus |
变形杆菌属 |
Weil–Felix test |
外斐试验 |
志贺菌属 |
|
Shigella |
志贺菌属 |
Dysentery |
痢疾 |
Shiga toxin |
志贺毒素 |
Meningismus |
假性脑膜炎 |
S.dysenteriae |
痢疾志贺菌 |
S.flexneri |
福氏志贺菌 |
S.Boydii |
鲍氏志贺菌 |
S.Sonnei |
宋氏志贺菌 |
弧菌 |
|
Vibrio |
弧菌 |
V.cholera |
霍乱弧菌 |
Classical biotype |
古典生物型 |
EL Tor biotype |
EL Tor 生物型 |
Cholera enterotoxin |
霍乱肠毒素 |
Non-agglutinating Vibrio, NAG |
不凝集性弧菌 |
V.parahemolyticus |
副溶血性弧菌 |
Kanagawa test |
神奈川试验 |
厌氧性细菌 |
|
Anaerobic bacteria |
厌氧性细菌 |
Clostridium |
厌氧芽孢梭菌属 |
C.tetani |
破伤风梭菌 |
Tetanospasmin |
破伤风痉挛毒素 |
Tetani antitoxin, TAT |
破伤风抗毒素 |
C.perfringens |
产气荚膜梭菌 |
Nagler reaction |
卵磷脂酶试验 |
Stormy fermentation |
汹涌发酵 |
Gas gangrene |
气性坏疽 |
C.botulinum |
肉毒梭菌 |
C.difficile |
艰难梭菌 |
Bacteroides |
类杆菌属 |
B.fragilis |
脆弱类杆菌 |
Bifidobacterium |
双歧杆菌属 |
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