生物医学工程专业英语翻译

领域：微流控，组织工程，器官芯片

The culturing of cells in the laboratory under controlled conditions has always been crucial for the advancement of scientific research. Cell-based assays have played an important role in providing simple, fast, accurate, and cost-effective methods in drug discovery, disease modeling, and tissue engineering while mitigating reliance on cost-intensive and ethically challenging animal studies. The techniques involved in culturing cells are critical as results are based on cellular response to drugs, cellular cues, external stimuli, and human physiology. In order to establish in vitro cultures, cells are either isolated from normal or diseased tissue and allowed to grow in two or three dimensions. Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture methods involve the proliferation of cells on flat rigid surfaces resulting in a monolayer culture, while in three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, the additional dimension provides a more accurate representation of the tissue milieu. In this review, we discuss the various methods involved in the development of 3D cell culture systems emphasizing the differences between 2D and 3D systems and methods involved in the recapitulation of the organ-specific 3D microenvironment. In addition, we discuss the latest developments in 3D tissue model fabrication techniques, microfluidics-based organ-on-a-chip, and imaging as a characterization technique for 3D tissue models.

在实验室中用可控的条件培养细胞一直是推动科学研究的关键。基于细胞的分析在|为药物发现、疾病建模和组织工程提供简单、快速、准确和经济有效的方法|方面发挥了重要作用，同时减少了对成本高且具有伦理挑战的动物研究的依赖。细胞培养所涉及的技术是至关重要的，因为结果是基于细胞对药物的反应，细胞因素，外部刺激和人体生理。为了建立体外培养，从正常或病变组织中分离出细胞，并允许其在二维或三维中生长。二维(2D)细胞培养方法涉及细胞在平面刚性表面增殖，从而形成单层培养，而在三维(3D)细胞培养中，额外的维度提供了更准确的组织环境的表征。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了3D细胞培养系统的各种方法，强调了2D和3D系统之间的差异，以及涉及再现器官特异性3D微环境的方法。此外，我们还讨论了三维组织模型制作技术、基于微流控技术的器官芯片以及成像技术作为三维组织模型表征技术的最新进展。

内容结束。

语料来源：Shyam, Reddy, Palaniappan (2023) Fabrication and Characterization Techniques of In Vitro 3D Tissue Models. Int J Mol Sci (IF: 6.2) 24(3) 

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