一站学社特此推出“建筑学专业英语系列”，每天学习一点考研复试/保研面试等均会涉及的专业课知识。
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《建筑学专业英语》是2009年北京化学工业出版社出版的图书，主编是靳慧霞，副主编是姜珂、魏键。本教材以建筑的风格和流派为线索，主要介绍了古典式建筑、现代建筑、绿色建筑、高技术建筑、建筑环境、城市规划、城市设计等方面内容。
本书为高等院校建筑学、城市规划专业的教材，以及广大建筑学和城市规划爱好者提高修养、丰富相关知识的阅读材料。
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2个问题出发进行探讨学习，后附词汇集锦。让我们开始换一种语言体会建筑设计的魅力吧！
Σ Part 01
文章阅读
Article reading寻Article reading
Architecture（上篇）
Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings.A wider definition would include with in its scope the design of the total built environment,from the macrolevel of town planning,urban design,and landscape to the microlevel of furniture and product design.Architecture,equally impartantly,also refers to the product of such a designs.
According to the earliest surviving work on the subject, Vitruvius' On Architecture,good building should have Beauty(Venustas), Firmness(Firrmitas) and Utility(Utilitas) ; architecture can be said to be a balance and coordination among these three elements,with none overpowering the others. A modern day definition sees architecture as addressing functional,aesthetic, and psychological considerations.However,looked at another way,function itself is seen as encompassing all criteria,including aesthetic and psychological ones.
Architecture is a multi-disciplinary field, including within its fold mathematics, science,art,technalogy,scrial sciences, politics , history , philosophy , and so on.In Vitruvius'words,"Arehitecture is a science , arising out of many other sciences, and adorned with much and varied learning : by the help of which a judgenent is formed of those works which are the result of other arts." He adds that an atchitect should be well versed in fields such as music,astronomy,etc. Philosophy is a particular favourite ; in fact one frequently refers to the philosophy of each architect when one means the approach. Rationalism,empiricism,structuralism,poststructuralism, and phenomenology are some directions from philosophy influencing architecture.
The importance of theory in informing practice cannot be overemphasised, though many architects shun theory. Vitruvius continues :" Practice and theory are its parents. Practice is the frequent and continued contemplation of the mode of executing any given work, or of the mere operation of the hands, for the conversion of the material in the best snd readiest way .Theory is the result of that reasoning which demonstrates and explains that the material wrought has been so converted as to answer the end proposed . Wherefore the mere practical architect is not able to assign sufficient reasons for the forms he adopts;and the theoretic architect also fails，grasping the shadow instead of the substance. He who is theoretic as well as practical, is therefore doubly armed;able not only to prove the propriety of his design, but equally so to carry it into execution."
建筑是设计建筑物的艺术和科学。更广泛的定义将包括其范围内的总体建设环境的设计，从城市规划、城市设计和景观的宏观层面到家具和产品设计的微观层面。同样重要的是，建筑也指这样一种设计的产品。
根据现存最早的关于这个主题的著作，维特鲁威的《论建筑》，好的建筑应该有美观(Venustas)、坚固(Firrmitas)和实用(utilities)；建筑可以说是这三个要素的一种平衡和协调，没有一个要素压倒其他要素。现代将建筑定义为解决功能、美学和心理方面的考虑。然而，从另一个角度看，功能本身被视为包含所有准则，包括美学和心理学准则。
建筑是一个多学科领域，包括数学、科学、艺术、技术、人文科学、政治、历史、哲学等等。
用维特鲁威的话说，“建筑学是产生于多种学科的一门科学，充满了深邃且丰富的学问；(建筑学)是人们借助于多学科融合而成的知识体系，而形成的一种判断体系，是其他艺术成果发展的结晶。”他补充说，一位天文爱好者应该精通音乐、天文学等领域。哲学尤其喜爱；事实上，当一个人指的是方法时，他经常引用每个建筑师的哲学。理性主义、经验主义、结构主义、后结构主义和现象学都是哲学影响建筑的几个方向。
理论对实践的重要性怎么强调都不为过，尽管许多建筑师回避理论。维特鲁威继续说道:“实践和理论是它的父母。实践就是频繁地、持续地思考执行任何既定工作的模式，或者仅仅是手的操作，以便以最好和最容易的方式转换材料。理论是这种推理的结果，这种推理证明并解释了所锻造的材料已经被如此转换，以至于回答了所提出的设想。因此，仅仅是实际的建筑师不能指定他所采用的形式的充分理由；而理论建筑师也失败了，他们抓住的是影子而不是实质。建筑师是理论的以及实际的，因此是双重武装；不仅能够证明他的设计恰当，但同样如此执行。”
Σ Part 02
重点提要
Highlights
overpowering a.无法抵抗的，压倒性的
wrought a.做成的，形成的，精炼的 (work 的过去式和过去分词)
wherefor conj. 为什么，因此; ad.为此
[1] Marcus Vitruvius Pollio: a Roman writer, architect and engineer. active in the 1st century BC (Before Christ). He is the suthor of De Architectura，the Ten Books of Arehiteture，an ancient Roman treatise on architecture and perhaps the first work about this discipline.
[2] In Vitruvius' words. “ Architecture is... those works which are the result of other arts.”
在上面这个句子中，arising out of many other sciences是现在分词短语，作science的后置定语; adorned with tuch and varied lerning是过去分词短语。也作science的后置定语: by the help of which引导一个非限定性定语从句，修饰much and varied learning；而定语从句which are the result of other arts则用来修饰those works .
译文：Vitruvius认为，“建筑学是产生于多种学科的一门科学，充满了深邃且丰富的学问；(建筑学)是人们借助于多学科融合而成的知识体系而形成的一种判断体系，是其他艺术成果发展的结晶。”
维特鲁威《论建筑》
欧洲古代建筑学专著，古罗马建筑师维特鲁威著。大约写于公元前２７-前２３年间.书的体系相当完备，分为１０卷。维特鲁威在书中主张一切建筑物都应当恰如其分地考虑“坚固、方便、美观。该书是了解希腊代时期建筑的重要史料，因为它在城市规划、建筑设计基本原理和建筑构图原理上论述总结了古希腊建筑的经验，参照了希腊化时期小亚细亚建筑师的著作.
但维特鲁威在推崇希腊建筑的同时，不恰当地贬低罗马建筑，因而忽视了重要的拱券技术.《建筑十书》在古罗马时期就有影响，中世纪也并未完全失传.意大利文艺复兴时期，又受到极大关注，并成为该时期建筑学的金科玉律.直到20世纪初，《建筑十书》还被建筑界奉为圭臬.
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