文章内容来源--《电子与通信技术专业英语》刘小芹、刘骋主编第4版
【原文】
Lesson 15 Wireless Fidelity
Wireless Fidelity, popularly known as Wi-Fi, developed on IEEE 802.11 standards, is widely used technology advancement in wireless communication. As the name indicates, Wi-Fi provides wireless access to applications and data across a radio network. Wi-Fi sets up numerous ways to build up a connection between the transmitter and the receiver such as DSSS, FHSS, IR – Infrared and OFDM.
Wi-Fi provides its users with the liberty of connecting to the Internet from any place such as their home, office or a public place without the hassles of plugging in the wires. Wi-Fi is quicker than the conventional modem for accessing information over a large network. With the help of different amplifiers, the users can easily change their location without disruption in their network access. Wi-Fi devices are compliant with each other to grant efficient access of information to the user. Wi-Fi location where the users can connect to the wireless network is called a Wi-Fi hotspot. Accessing a wireless network through a hotspot in some cases is cost-free while in some it may carry additional charges. Many standard Wi-Fi devices such as PCI, miniPCI, USB, Cardbus and PC card, ExpressCard make the Wi-Fi experience convenient and pleasurable for the users.
Wi-Fi uses radio networks to transmit data between its nodes. Such networks are made up of cells that provide coverage across the network. The more the number of cells, the greater and stronger is the coverage on the radio network. The most popular Wi-Fi technology such as 802.11b operates on the range of 2.40 GHz up to 2.4835 GHz band. This provides a comprehensive platform for operating Bluetooth strategy, cellular phones, and other scientific equipments. While 802.11a technology has the range of 5.725 GHz to 5.850 GHz and provides up to 54 Mbps in speed. 802.11g technology is even better as it covers three non-overlapping channels and allows PBCC.
Device that can use Wi-Fi (such as a personal computer, video game console, Smartphone, tablet, or digital audio player) can connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a wireless network access point. Wi-Fi networks have limited range. A typical Wi-Fi home router using 802.11b or 802.11g might have a range of 45 m (150 ft) indoors and 90 m (300 ft) outdoors. Range also varies, as Wi-Fi is no exception to the physics of radio wave propagation, with frequency band. Wi-Fi in the 2.4 GHz frequency block has better range than Wi-Fi in the 5 GHz frequency block, and less range than the oldest Wi-Fi (and pre-Wi-Fi) 900 MHz block.
Hotspot coverage can comprise an area as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves or as large as many square miles — this is achieved by using multiple overlapping access points (as shown in Fig.15-1).
Fig.15-1 Wi-Fi Zone
【翻译】
第14课 卫 星 通 信
20世纪80年代后期,卫星通信逐渐成为日常生活的一部分,打一个国际电话就像给住在同一街区的朋友打本地电话一样简单。同样,我们获悉国际大事,像英国的竞选、法国的网球赛就像得知本地政治、体育新闻一样平常。此时电视新闻节目每天晚上都将全世界的声音和画面带进我们的家中。
这种进行全球性信息交流的能力,无论是电话还是新闻转播都是通过一个强有力的通信工具—卫星,才得以实现的。对于我们中那些并非生长在太空时代的人们来讲,卫星通信是人们长期以来一种梦想的顶点,这个梦想可以一直追溯到卫星这个词只是几个天才头脑中灵感的想象那个年代。这些先驱者中就包括亚瑟·克拉克,他在1945年就产生了全球卫星系统的想法,这个想法随后发展成为一个遍布全球的复杂卫星网络。
亚瑟·克拉克设想的卫星通信系统将导致开发一个相当复杂和麻烦的基于地面的空间站的网络。幸运的是,这个问题随着1963年和1964年同步卫星的发射成功而消失。现在的卫星不是高速地围绕地球运行,而是静止或固定在空中,目前大部分通信卫星都被定位在相对地球静止的轨道或称之为“槽”的位置上。
简单地讲,一颗处于与地球旋转同步轨道上的卫星对于地球上部分地区来说似乎是静止不动的,在赤道上空35881公里的高度上,卫星与地球以同样的角速度运行,即它的运转与地球的自转是同步的。尽管卫星是以很高的速度运行,对于一个地球上的观察者而言,它总是停留在天空中的同一个位置上。
位于一个对地面相对静止的轨道上的卫星的主要作用在于它可一天24小时地与它覆盖的地面保持联系。这个轨道的位置同时使建立卫星与地面站之间的通信链路更加简单化(如图14-1所示)。当一个站的天线处在适当的位置,在一段很长时间内天线的位置只需作微小的调整。只有当一个站要与另外一个卫星建立联系时,天线的位置才需作显著的调整。在这以前,地面站的天线必须物理跟踪天空中运动的卫星。
基于这些原理,围绕地球等距离位置上放置三颗卫星就可建立一个全球的通信系统,以使地球上的每一个点都能与卫星相联。这个概念也是以亚瑟·克拉克的最早有关全球通信网络蓝图为基础的。
【单词与短语】
fidelity [fi'deliti] n.逼真;保真度
access ['ækses] vt.使用,接近,获取
hassle ['hæsl] n. 麻烦事
plug [plʌɡ] v. 插上插头
disruption [dis'rʌpʃən] n. 破裂,毁坏;中断
console [kən'səul] n. 控制台,操纵台
propagation [,prɔpə'ɡeiʃən] n. 传播,传输
comprise [kəm'praiz] vt. 包含,包括;由……组成
overlapping [,əuvə'læpiŋ] adj. 重叠的
router ['rautə] n. 路由器
Phrases and Expressions
DSSS (direct sequence spread spectrum) 直接序列扩频
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)正交频分复用
FHSS (frequency-hopping spread spectrum) 跳频扩频
PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect) 周边元件扩展接口
SSID (Service Set Identifier) 服务集标识符
USB (Universal Serial Bus) 通用串行总线
CardBus 具有总线控制功能的32位PC卡
PBCC (Packet Broadcast Control Channel) 分组广播控制信道
mini PCI 内置型无线网卡
Express Card 扩展接口
Mbps (megabits per second) 兆比特/秒
【笔记】
1.Wireless Fidelity, popularly known as Wi-Fi, developed on IEEE 802.11 standards, is widely used technology advancement in wireless communi- cation.
译文:无线相容性认证,通常称为Wi-Fi ,它由IEEE 802.11标准发展而来,是在无线通信中被广泛应用的先进技术。
IEEE:Institute Of Electrical And Electronics Engineers.USA美国电气与电子工程师协会
IEEE 802.11 standards:美国电气与电子工程师协会标准
2.Wi-Fi sets up numerous ways to build up a connection between the transmitter and the receiver such as DSSS, FHSS, IR – Infrared and OFDM.
译文:Wi-Fi在发射端和接收端之间设置了许多方法来建立连接,如扩频、跳频、红外的连接和正交频分复用。
IR – Infrared :Ir是红外线的意思,常用说法Ir接口,也就是红外线接口。
3.Many standard Wi-Fi devices such as PCI, miniPCI, USB, Cardbus and PC card, ExpressCard make the Wi-Fi experience convenient and pleasurable for the users.
译文:许多标准的Wi-Fi设备,如PCI、miniPCI、USB、Cardbus以及PC卡、ExpressCard使得用户的Wi-Fi体验方便而愉快。
PCI:PCI局部总线(Pedpherd Component Interconnect),一种由英特尔(Intel)公司1991年推出的用于定义局部总线的标准。
PC card:PC卡,一种用以给电脑及其他通讯和电子设备添加诸如存储器、大容量存储器、网络及无线通信等扩展装置的技术。
miniPCI:Mini PCI插槽也同样是在PCI的基础上发展起来的,Mini PCI的定义与PCI基本上一致,只是在外型上进行了微缩。
Express Card:由PCMCIA联盟推出的新规格,其优点是体积更小,传输速度更快,更适合移动系统。
USB:通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus),是一新型界面规格,支持主系统与不同外设间的数据传输。USB允许外设在开机状态下插拔使用,USB具有易于使用、高带宽、可接多达127个外设、数据传输稳定、支持即时声音播放及影像压缩等特点。目前在国内市场可以见到的USB设备主要有扫描仪、数码相机、打印机、集线器和外置存储设备等。
CardBus:PCMCIA推出的下一代高性能32位总线主控接口。它使现在只在桌面和较大系统上才拥有的高级功能可以移入CardBus卡,从而可以用在移动环境下。
4.While 802.11a technology has the range of 5.725 GHz to 5.850 GHz and provides up to 54 Mbps in speed. 802.11g technology is even better as it covers three non-overlapping channels and allows PBCC.
译文:虽然802.11a技术有着5.725 GHz到5.850 GHz的范围,并可提供高达
54 Mbps(兆比特/秒)的速度,但802.11g技术甚至更好,它包括3个非重叠信道,并允许分组广播控制信道。
802.11a technology:IEEE(电机电子工程师协会,The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)于1997年公告的无线区域网路标准,适用于有线站台与无线用户或无线用户之间的沟通连结。802.11a是802.11的衍生版,于5.8GHz频段提供了最高54 Mbps的速率规格,并运用orthogonal frequency division multiplexing encoding scheme以取代802.11的FHSS 或 DSSS。802.11g在2.4GHz频段上提供高于20 Mbps的速率规格。
5.A typical Wi-Fi home router using 802.11b or 802.11g might have a range of 45 m (150 ft) indoors and 90 m (300 ft) outdoors.
译文:一个使用802.11b或802.11g的典型Wi-Fi家庭路由器可能有45米(150英尺)的室内范围和90米(300英尺)的户外范围。
Ft:英尺的意思,feet 复数, foot 单数,直接用缩写ft即可。
1 ft = 0.3048 m(米)
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