临床医学专业英语

diseases

疾病

acute diseases

急性病

advanced diseases

病沉重期，晚期疾病

chronic disease

慢性病

communicable diseases

传染病 

complicating diseases

并发病

congenital diseases 

先天性疾病

acquired diseases

后天性疾病 

contagious diseases

接触性传染病

endemic disease

地方病 

epidemic diseases

流行病

functional diseases

机能病、官能病 

infectious diseases

传染病

inherited diseases

遗传病 

malignant diseases

恶性病

nutritional diseases

营养病 

occupation diseases

职业病

organic diseases

器质性病 

paroxysmal diseases

阵发性病

periodical diseases

周期病

primary(principal)diseases

原发（主导）病

secondary diseases

继发病 

sexual(venereal, social)diseases

性病

terminal diseases

绝症 

wasting diseases

消耗性疾病

chief complaint

主诉 

clinical manifestation

临床表现

delivery history

 分娩史 

etiology

病因学

family history

家族史 

history, medical history

病史

precipitating(induced)

诱因

marital status

婚姻状况

menstrual history

月经史 

menarche

 初潮

menopause

闭经 

past history

既往史

pathogenesis

发病机制 

personal history

个人史

symptoms

症状

cardinal symptom

主要症状 

classical symptom 

典型症状

concomitant symptom 

伴发症状 

constitutional(systemic) symptom

全身症状

indirect symptom 

间接症状

induced symptom

诱发症状

local symptom

 局部症状 

mental symptom

精神症状

symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom

综合症，症候群

signs

体征

antecedent

前驱征 

assident (accessory)

副征

commemorative

 后遗症 

sign of death

死征

diagnostic

诊断征 

sign of disease

病征

subjective

自觉征，主观征

vein sign

静脉征 

assident (accessory)

副征

vital sign

生命体征

body length (height of the body)

 身高

body weight

体重

barrel chest

桶状胸

cachexia

恶病质

compulsive position

被动体位

critical facies

病危面容 

emaciation

消瘦

enophthalmos

眼球下陷 

entropion

 睑内翻

exophthalmos

眼球突出 

flushed face

面色潮红

gain (loss) in weight

增加（减轻）体重 

lock-jaw 

牙关紧闭

lordosis

脊柱前凸 

nasal ala flap

鼻翼扇动

nystagmus

眼震 

obesity

肥胖

pallor

苍白 

scolisis

脊柱侧凸

agitation

焦急不安

debility, weakness

虚弱

diaphoresis

出汗，大量出汗

dizziness, vertigo

眩晕

lassitude, fatigue

无力，倦怠

malaise

不适

night sweat

盗汗 

numbness

麻木

rigor, chill

寒冷，发冷

perspiration, sweating

出汗

pruritus, itching 

痒

somasthenia

躯体无力

tinglin

麻刺感 

abscess 

脓肿

acidosis

 酸中毒 

adhesion 

粘连

alkalosis

碱中毒

allergy

过敏

coagulation defect 

凝血不良

congestion

充血

dehydration

脱水 

distention

膨胀

edema

水肿 

embolism

栓塞，栓塞形成

fluid and electrolyte imbalance

水电解质紊乱

gangrene

坏疽

hematoma

血肿

hemorrhage, bleeding

 出血

infarction

梗塞，梗死

infection

传染 

inflammation 

 炎症

ketoacidosis

酮酸中毒 

metastasis

转移

perforation

穿孔 

necrosis

坏死

shock

休克 

response

反应，应答

reaction

反应，感应 

thrombosis

血栓形成

ulceration

溃疡 

fever, pyrexia

发烧，发热

carcinoma of nasopharynx

稽留热 

intermittent fever

间歇热

low-grade fever

 低热

remittent fever

驰张热

relapsing fever

回归热

pain

痛

burning pain

灼痛 

chest(flank,…) pain

胸（胁腹…）痛

cramp-like pain

痉挛性痛

dull, diffused pain

弥漫性钝痛

pleuritic pain

胸膜炎性痛

radiating pain (pain radiating to…)

放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）

angina

绞痛 

cardiac angina

 心绞痛

backache

背痛

colic

绞痛，急腹痛

earache

耳痛

headache

头痛

neuralgia

神经痛 

migraine

偏头痛

rebound tenderness

反跳痛 

somatalgia

躯体痛

sore throat

 咽喉痛 

stomachache

胃痛

toothache

牙痛 

bloody sputum 

带血的痰

cough 

咳嗽 

dry cough

干咳

expectoration

咳痰 

expectoration of blood

咳血

anoxia

缺氧 

apnea

呼吸暂停，窒息

asthma

气喘，哮喘 

Cheyne Stokes respiration

切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸

dyspnea

呼吸困难 

hyperpnea hyperventilation

过度呼吸，换气过度

hypopnea

呼吸不全， 呼吸浅表

hypoxia

低氧，缺氧

orthopnea

端坐呼吸 

respiratory arrest

呼吸停止

suffocation

窒息 

tachypnea

呼吸急促

fetid breath

口臭 

fruity breath

呼吸有水果味

arrhythmia

心律失常，心律不齐

atelectasis

肺不张，肺膨胀不全

cardiac arrest

心搏骤停 

cardiac hypertrophy 

心脏肥大

cyanosis

发绀，青紫 

distension of jugular vein

颈静脉怒张

extrasystole

期外收缩 

gallop rhythm

 奔马律

hemopleura

 血胸 

hepatojugular reflux

肝颈静脉回流

hypovolemia

（循环）血容量减少 

palpitation

心悸

tachycardia

心动过速 

pneumothorax 

气胸

thrill

震颤 

absent breath sounds

呼吸音消失

dull sound

浊音 

hyperresonant

 鼓音

rale

啰音 

rhonchus, rhonchi

鼾音，干啰音

wheeze

哮鸣音 

anorexia, loss of appetite 

食欲不振，厌食

dysphagia

吞咽困难

eructation；belching

嗳气

flatulence

气胀

flatus

肠胃气，屁 

gaseous distention

胃胀气

hematemesis

 呕血

hiccough, hiccup

打呃，呃逆

nausea

恶心 

pyrosis

胃灼热

regurgitation

 反胃，回流 

thirsty

口渴

vomiting

呕吐

anal fissure, crack in the anal canal

肛裂

ascites

腹水

board-like rigidity of the abdomen

板状腹

decreased tactile fremitus

触觉性震颤减弱

exophageal varices

食管静脉曲张

fistula

瘘，瘘管 

hemorrhoid

 痔

hernia

疝 

hepatomegaly

肝肿大

intussusception

肠套叠 

jaundice

黄疸

muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall

腹壁肌卫

peristalsis 

蠕动 

loss of peristalsis 

蠕动消失

mass peristalsis

总蠕动

retrograde (reversed) peristalsis

逆蠕动

prolapse

 脱垂

prolapse of anus

脱肛

rectal prolapse

直肠脱垂，脱肛

volvulus

肠扭转 

calculus

结石， 石

biliary calculus

胆结石 

vesical calculus 

膀胱结石

constipation

便秘 

defecation

 排便

diarrhea 

腹泻 

incontinence of feces

大便失禁

hematochezia

便血

fecal impaction

大便嵌塞

occult blood

潜血 

painful straining with defecation

排便痛性牵动

clay colored stool

陶土色便

dark, granular/coffee ground emesis

咖啡样呕吐物

fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting

呕粪，吐粪

foul fatty stools, steatorrhea

恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢

scanty and hard stools

 便少而硬

tarry (black) stools

柏油样便

anuria

无尿

amygdalitis, burning sensation no urination 

排尿时的灼烧感

dysurea

 排尿困难，尿痛

enuresis, bed wetting

遗尿

frequency of urination

 尿频

micturation

排尿

nocturia

夜尿

oliguria

少尿

polyuria

多尿

tenesmus

里急后重

vesical tenesmus 

排尿时里急后重

uremia coma

尿毒症昏迷

urgency of urinatio

尿急

urinary incontinence

尿失禁

aciduria

酸尿

chyluria

乳糜尿

cylindruia 

管型尿

glycosuria

糖尿

hematuria

血尿

ketonuria

酮尿

pneumatinuria

气尿

proteinuria

蛋白尿

pyuria

脓尿

amenorrhea 

经闭，无月经

dysmenorrhea

痛经

menorrhagia

月经过多

lochia

恶露

menorrhea

行经，月经过多

menstruation

月经

uterine contraction

子宫收缩

blotch

斑点

bruise 

挫伤，青肿

acne

痤疮，粉刺

desquamation

脱皮，脱屑

ecchymosis

 瘀斑

loss of skin turgor 

失去皮肤充盈

nevus

痣

papule

丘疹

petechia

瘀点，瘀斑

pigmentation

色素沉着

pustule

脓疱

purpura

紫癫

red nodule

红结节

roseola 

玫瑰疹

scar

伤疤

senile plaque

老人斑

spider anaioma

蛛形痣

subcutaneous nodule

皮下结节

urticaria

荨麻疹

vesicle

小水疱

vitiligo

白斑

blindness

失明

blurred vision, visual disturbance

视力模糊

impaired vision

视力下降

lacrimation

 流泪

papilledema 

视神经乳头水肿

photophobia

畏光，羞明

retinal detachment

视网膜脱离

deafness

聋

hearing loss

听力丧失

tinnitus 

耳鸣

epistaxis, nasal bleeding

鼻出血

impaired smelling

喉嗅觉障碍

nasal discharge

鼻涕

nasal obstruction

鼻塞

sneeze

喷嚏

snore

打鼾

aphonia, loss of voice

失音症

hoarseness 

嘶哑

gum bleeding

齿龈出血

herpes labialis

唇疱疹，感冒疮

Koplik’s spots

科普利克斑

lead line of the gum

龈铅线

salivation, drooling

流口水

straw-berry tongue

 草莓舌

tremulous tongue

舌震颤

atrophy

萎缩

contracture

挛缩

deformity

畸形，变形

dislocation

脱位

fracture

骨折

closed (simple)fracture

无创骨折，单纯性骨折

comminuted fracture

粉碎性骨折

compound fracture 

哆开（开放性）骨折

knock-knee

膝外翻

opisthotonos

 角弓反张

prosthesis

假体

spasm

痉挛

tetany

(肌)强直，手足抽搦

wrist drop

腕下垂

aphasia 

失语

ataxia 

共济失调

coma

昏迷

consciousness 

知觉，意识

convulsion 

抽搐，惊厥

crisis

 危象

diagnosis

诊断

auscultation

听诊

inspection

视诊

palpatio

触诊

percussion 

叩诊

laboratory examinatio

实验室检查

physical examination

角膜 体格检查

rectal (vaginal) touch

直肠（阴道）指诊

tentative diagnosis

暂定诊断

differential diagnosis

 鉴别诊断

final diagnosis

最后诊断

prognosis

预后

prescription

 处方

incubation (latent) period

潜伏期

prodromal stage 

前驱期

incipient stage

初期

quiescent stage

静止期

alleviation

减轻，缓和

remission

缓解

attack

发作

convalescence (recovery) stage

恢复期

rehabilitation

康复

relapse

复发

sudden death

猝死

carcinoma of moribund

濒死的

course of the disease

病程

course of the treatment

疗程

indication

适应症，指征

complication

并发症

contraindication

禁忌症

side-effect

副作用

sequel (sequela), after effect 

后遗症

therapies 

治疗方法

acupuncture therapy

针刺疗法针刺疗法

block therapy 

封闭疗法

chemical therpy (chemo-therapy)

化学疗法

combined therapy 

综合疗法

conservative therapy

保守疗法

constitutional therapy

全身疗法

operative treatment 

手术疗法

palliative treatment, alleviative treatment

姑息疗法

dietetic therapy 

饮食疗法

physical therapy

物理疗法

psychotherapy

精神疗法

radical treatment

根治

radio-therapy

 放射性疗法

supporting treatment

支持疗法

symptomatic treatment

对症疗法

cardiac massage

心脏按摩

cardiac pacing

心脏起博

electrotherapy

电疗法

electroshock treatment

电休克疗法

hemodialysi

血液透析

hyperbaric therapy

高压氧疗法

insulin-shock treatment

胰岛素休克疗法

light therapy 

光疗法

therapeutic gymnastics

医疗体育