阅读外文大气科学文献，常会遇到核心专业词汇的问题。头疼！(；д；)
本期文章整理了常见气象学术英语核心词，涵盖了基础大气科学专业词汇的中英文对应。所以说(〃´-ω･)很干货了
本文打印版回复“气象学术词汇”即可获取(ﾉ´▽｀)ﾉ♪
词汇A
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| a 10-level limited area primitive equation model |
10层有限区域原始方程模式 |
| a low-level jet |
低层急流 |
| a low-level polar trough |
低空极地槽 |
| a strong vortex |
强大的涡旋 |
| absolute humidity |
绝对湿度（，等效于水汽密度） |
| absolute vorticity |
绝对涡度 |
| active-monsoon periods |
季风活跃期 |
| aerological commission |
高空(气象)委员会 |
| aerosol |
气溶胶 |
| air density |
空气密度 |
| air masses |
气团 |
| air-mass interface |
气团界面 |
| altostratus |
高层云 |
| an ice particle |
冰粒子 |
| annual cycle |
年循环 |
| anticlockwise |
逆时针 |
| anvil cloud(s) |
砧状云 |
| area weighted average |
面积加权平均 |
| atmospheric blocking |
大气阻塞 |
| atmospheric pressure |
大气压 |
词汇B
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| baroclinic atmosphere |
斜压大气 |
| baroclinicity |
斜压性 |
| barotropic |
正压的 |
| barotropic atmosphere |
正压大气 |
| barotropic forecast |
正压（模式）预报 |
| blizzard occur |
暴风雪 |
| boundary conditions |
边界条件 |
| boundary layer |
边界层 |
| break phase of the monsoon |
季风中断期 |
| break-monsoon |
季风中断 |
词汇C
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| carbon dioxide |
二氧化碳 |
| carbon emission |
碳排放 |
| central difference |
中心差分/中央差分 |
| cirrostratus |
卷层云 |
| cirrus |
卷云 |
| climate change |
气候变化 |
| clockwise |
顺时针 |
| cold front |
冷锋 |
| cold occlusion |
冷式锢囚锋 |
| cold pool |
冷池 |
| computational stability |
计算稳定性 |
| condensation level |
凝结高度 |
| convective cloud band |
对流云带 |
| convective instability |
对流稳定性 |
| convergence |
辐合 |
| conveyor belt |
传送带 |
| correlation coefficient |
相关系数 |
| cumulonimbus |
积雨云 |
| curtail |
缩减 |
词汇D
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| database |
数据库 |
| day-to-day change |
日变化 |
| diagnostic equation |
诊断方程 |
| discharge of carbon dioxide |
二氧化碳排放 |
| divergence |
辐散 |
| divergence of the geostrophic wind |
地转风散度 |
| dominant characteristic |
显性特性 |
| doppler radar |
多普勒雷达 |
| downburst(s) |
下击暴流 |
| downdraft |
下沉气流 |
| drizzle |
毛毛雨 |
| dynamical instability |
动力不稳定 |
| dynamical meteorology |
动力气象学 |
| dynamics of the atmosphere |
大气动力学 |
词汇E
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| earth’s albedo |
地球行星反照率 |
| earth’s surface |
地球表面 |
| easterly wind |
东风 |
| eddy motion |
涡旋运动 |
| eddy-viscosity forces |
湍流黏性力 |
| effective grid length |
足够的网格距 |
| el niño and southern oscillation |
厄尔尼诺和南方涛动 |
| emission control |
排放控制 |
| exosphere |
逃逸层 |
| extended range prediction |
延伸（中期）预报 |
| extreme weather |
极端天气 |
词汇F
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| finite difference |
有限差分 |
| finite difference methods |
有限差分方法 |
| finite differences |
有限差分 |
| floating ice |
浮冰 |
| fossil fuels |
化石燃料 |
| free atmosphere |
自由大气 |
| freezing level |
冻结高度 |
| freezing rain |
冻雨 |
| freezing rain |
冻雨 |
| friction layer |
（上部）摩擦层，又称为Ekman层（Ekman layer） |
| frictional force |
摩擦力 |
| frontal cloud |
锋面云 |
| frontal wave cyclone |
锋面波气旋 |
| frontal wave depression |
锋面波低压 |
| frontal waves |
锋面波 |
| frontal zone |
锋区 |
| frontogenesis |
锋生 |
| frontolysis |
锋消 |
| fundamental equations |
基本方程组 |
词汇G
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| general circulation |
大气环流 |
| geopotential instability |
位势不稳定 |
| geostrophic approximation |
地转近似 |
| geostrophic wind |
地转风 |
| global community |
国际社会 |
| global warming |
全球变暖 |
| gravity wave |
重力波 |
| grazing animals |
食草动物 |
| greenhouse gases |
温室气体 |
| greenhouse warming |
温室效应 |
| ground-based |
地基的 |
| ground-based instrument |
地基装置 |
词汇H
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| Hadley circulation |
哈得来环流 |
| hailstone |
冰雹 |
| hailstorm |
雹暴 |
| hailstorm model |
冰雹模式 |
| heat source |
热源 |
| heavy downpour |
倾盆大雨 |
| high concentration |
高浓度 |
| horizontal and vertical gradient of temperature |
水平和垂直温度梯度 |
| horizontal and vertical gradients of wind |
风的水平和垂直梯度 |
| horizontal grid |
水平网格 |
| horizontal inhomogeneity |
水平不均匀 |
| horizontal resolution |
水平分辨率 |
| human activities |
人类活动 |
| hurricane |
龙卷 |
词汇I
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| in terms of |
就……看 |
| in the history of civilization |
文明史 |
| index of the southern oscillation |
南方涛动指数 |
| indian monsoon |
印度季风区 |
| indian monsoon rainfall |
印度季风降水 |
| individual weather disturbance |
个别天气扰动 |
| infrared radiation |
红外辐射 |
| infrastructure |
基础设施 |
| inhomogeneous |
不均匀 |
| intermediate layer |
中间层 |
| interplanetary space |
星际空间 |
| isobaric pattern |
等压模式 |
| isothermal temperature distribution |
等温分布 |
词汇L
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| lapse rate |
直减率 |
| large-scale atmospheric phenomena |
大尺度大气现象 |
| large-scale heat and momentum transfer |
长距离热量、动量传输 |
| latent heat of condensation |
凝结潜热 |
| leading edge |
前沿 |
| lifting condensation level |
抬升凝结高度(LCL) |
| long-range forecasting |
长期预测 |
| long-term record |
长期记录 |
| long-term variation |
长期变率 |
| longwave radiation |
长波辐射 |
| lower clouds |
低云 |
| low-frequency change |
低频变化 |
词汇M
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| marine life |
海洋生物 |
| Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
abbr. MIT 麻省理工学院 |
| medium and high-level clouds |
中高层云 |
| melt snow |
融雪 |
| mesopause |
中间层顶 |
| meso-scale models |
中尺度模型 |
| meso-scale precipitation areas (mpas) |
中尺度降水区域 |
| mesosphere |
中层 |
| meteorological literature |
气象文献 |
| meteorological parameters |
气象要素 |
| middle and high latitudes |
中高纬 |
| mid-latitude weather |
中纬度天气 |
| mid-latitude weather variation |
中纬度天气变化 |
| modified cold air |
变性冷空气 |
| moisture convergence |
水汽辐合 |
| momentum flux |
动量通量 |
| momentum transfer |
动量输送 |
| monsoon |
季风 |
| monsoon breaks |
季风中断 |
| monsoon onset |
季风爆发 |
| monsoon region |
季风区 |
| monsoon system |
季风系统 |
| multicell or supercell thunderstorms |
多单体/超级单体雷暴 |
| multicell thunderstorms |
多单体雷暴 |
| mutual stagnation |
相互停滞 |
词汇N
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| natural evolution |
自然进化 |
| nimbostratus |
雨层云 |
| non-adiabatic heating |
非绝热性加热 |
| non-divergent level |
无辐散层 |
| non-filtered equation |
非滤波方程（即原始方程） |
| non-hydrostatic mesoscale models |
非静力中尺度模式 |
| northern hemisphere |
北半球 |
| Norwegian meteorologist |
挪威气象学家 |
| numerical integration |
数值积分 |
| numerical model |
数值模型 |
| numerical solution |
数值解 |
词汇O
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| objective analysis scheme |
客观分析方案 |
| observed situation |
观察情况 |
| ocean-atmosphere system |
海气系统 |
| operational forecasting |
业务预报 |
| operational forecasting of monsoon rainfall |
季风降水业务预报 |
| orographic barrier / orographic effects |
地形屏障作用/地形作用 |
| orographic effects |
地形效应 |
| oxygen molecule |
氧气分子 |
| ozone layer |
臭氧层 |
| ozone molecule |
臭氧分子 |
词汇P
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| parallel tracks |
并行轨道 |
| parameterizing physical processes |
参数法物理过程 |
| partial differential equations |
偏微分方程 |
| photochemical reaction |
光化学反应 |
| physical processes |
物理过程 |
| polar and middle latitudes |
两极和中纬度 |
| positive feedback |
正反馈 |
| potential instability |
位势不稳定 |
| practical values |
实用价值 |
| pressure differences |
气压差 |
| prevailing current |
盛行气流 |
| prevailing wind |
盛行风 |
| primitive equation |
原始方程 |
| primitive equation models |
原始方程模型 |
| prognostic equation |
预报方程 |
词汇Q
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| quasi-biennial oscillation |
准双年振荡 |
|
|
词汇R
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| radar echo |
雷达回波 |
| rainfall intensity |
降水强度 |
| rainy season |
雨季 |
| relative humidity |
相对湿度（） |
词汇S
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| salinity of marshes |
沼泽盐度 |
| sea level rise |
海平面上升 |
| sea surface temperature |
海面温度 |
| seasonal evaporation |
季节性蒸发 |
| set out |
阐明 |
| severe storm |
强风暴 |
| short-term variation |
短期变率 |
| shortwave radiation |
短波辐射 |
| sigma coordinate system |
坐标系 |
| significant variation |
显著变化 |
| small-scale convection cells |
小尺度对流单体 |
| snow cover |
积雪 |
| soil moisture |
土壤湿度 |
| solar power |
太阳能 |
| solar radiation |
太阳辐射 |
| southern hemisphere |
南半球 |
| spatial coherence |
空间相干性 |
| specific humidity |
比湿（） |
| squall lines |
飑线 |
| square horizontal grid |
水平网格 |
| state of art |
最新水平 |
| state of ground |
地形状态 |
| steering current |
引导气流 |
| storm surge |
风暴潮 |
| stratiform cloud band |
层状云带 |
| stratocumulus |
层积云 |
| stratopause |
平流层顶 |
| stratosphere |
平流层 |
| stratus |
层云 |
| stream function |
流函数 |
| stream function |
流函数 |
| strong blast |
强风 |
| subsidence inversion |
下沉逆温 |
| subtropical continent |
副热带大陆 |
| suction vortices |
抽吸涡旋 |
| summer hemisphere |
夏半球 |
| summer monsoon |
夏季季风 |
| summer monsoon rainfall |
夏季季风降水 |
| supercell thunderstorms |
超单体雷暴 |
| supercooled drops |
过冷水滴 |
| synoptic and dynamical framework |
天气动力框架 |
| synoptic and dynamical meteorology |
天气动力气象学 |
| synoptic meteorology |
天气学 |
| synoptic scale |
天气尺度 |
| systematic errors |
系统性误差 |
词汇T
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| temperate cyclone |
温带气旋 |
| temperate latitude cyclone |
温带气旋 |
| temperature inversion |
逆温 |
| the annual cycle |
年循环 |
| the arabian sea |
阿拉伯海 |
| the atlantic ocean |
大西洋 |
| the distribution of precipitation |
降水分布 |
| the indian ocean |
印度洋 |
| the intensity of the monsoon rains |
季风雨强度 |
| the ocean-atmosphere systems |
海气系统 |
| the quasi-biennial oscillation (qbo) and atmospheric blocking |
准双年振荡和大气阻塞 |
| the rain season |
雨季 |
| the western north pacific |
西北太平洋 |
| the whole indian monsoon rainfall |
全印度季风降水 |
| thermal low-pressure |
热低压 |
| thermally forced planetary scale |
热力强迫行星尺度 |
| thermodynamic effect |
热力学效应 |
| thermodynamic effects |
热力效应 |
| thermopause |
热层顶 |
| thermosphere |
热层 |
| time step |
时间步长 |
| topography and exchanges of energy |
地形与能量交换 |
| tornado |
龙卷风 |
| transition region |
过渡区 |
| tropical cyclone |
热带气旋 |
| tropical cyclone |
热带气旋 |
| tropical deforestation |
热带森林砍伐 |
| tropics |
热带 |
| tropopause |
对流层顶 |
| troposphere |
对流层 |
| tropospheric jet |
对流层急流 |
| typhoon |
台风 |
词汇U
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| ultraviolet radiation |
紫外辐射 |
| updraft |
上升气流 |
| upper sphere |
上层大气 |
| upper-level wind |
高空风 |
词汇V
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| vertical and horizontal directions |
垂直和水平方向 |
| vertical inhomogeneity |
垂直不均匀 |
| vertical motion |
垂直运动 |
| vertical temperature profile |
垂直温度廓线 |
| vertical velocity |
垂直速度 |
| vertical velocity |
垂直速度 |
| visible light |
可见光 |
| volcanic eruption |
火山爆发 |
| vorticity equation |
涡度方程 |
词汇W
| 词汇 |
词义 |
| Walker circulation |
沃克环流 |
| warm front |
暖锋 |
| warm occlusion |
暖式锢囚锋 |
| warm sector |
暖区 |
| water droplets |
水滴 |
| water vapor |
蒸汽 |
| waterspouts |
水龙卷 |
| wave depression |
波状低压 |
| weather disturbances |
天气扰动 |
| weather map |
天气图 |
| westerly wind |
西风 |
| wind shear |
风切变、热成风 |
| winter hemisphere |
冬半球 |
| winter monsoon |
冬季季风 |
| world meteorological organization |
abbr. WMO. 世界气象组织 |
--END--Photo on Unsplash
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