知识点:
数词分为基数词(Cardinal Number)和序数词(Ordinal Number)。
基数词表示人或事物数目的多少,序数词表示人或事物的先后顺序。
一、基数词
1.基数词的构成
1)1~12的基数词有各自独立的单词。
注意事项:
one到twelve,拼写和读音没有什么相似之处,无规律可言,应该逐一记忆。
2)13~19的基数词以-teen结尾。
注意事项:
thirteen到nineteen,表示“十几”,在个位数后加后缀-teen, 注意thirteen, fifteen eighteen的拼写。
3)20~90的整十基数词以-ty结尾。
注意事项:
twenty到ninety,表示“几十”,以-ty结尾,但是需要注意下面几个单词的拼写:twenty, thirty, forty,fifty,eighty。
4)21~99之间非整十基数词是在十位数和个位数之间加连字符“-”构成。
注意事项:
表示“几十几”,用整十位数加个位数表示,中间用连字符“-”把十位数和个位数连接起来。
5)101~999的基数词的表达方式为:“基数词 + hundred + and + 整10位数 + 连字符+个位数”。
注意事项:
one hundred意为"一百",表示一百还可以用a hundred,要表示几百,用“具体数字+hundred",如
two hundred 200,nine hundred 900
6)1000以上的基数词
1001:one thousand and one
1,813:one thousand,eight hundred and thirteen
5,123,456,789:five billion,one hundred and twenty-three million,four hundred and fifty-six thousand,seven hundred and eighty-nine
注意 :hundred,thousand,million 前若有具体数字,要用单数。泛指时,如果它们后面有of,则要用复数,且前面不能再加具体数目,它们不表示确切数字。
如:two thousand 两千;thousands of成千上万;hundreds of成百上千;millions of成百万的
基数词的读法:
百位的数目:一般在百位和十位之间或百位和个位之间加and。
如:132读作“a hundred and thirty-two” 301 读作“three hundred and one”
千位以上的数目:从右向左起,每三位数加一个逗号。从右开始,第一个逗号处读thousand,第二个逗号处读 million,第三个逗号处读 billion。
如:2,155读作“two thousand,one hundred and fifty-five”
11,520,055读作“eleven million,five hundred and twenty thousand,fifty-five”
5,211,520,055读作“five billion,two hundred and eleven million,five hundred and twenty thousand,fifty-five”
2.基数词的句法功能
基数词起名词或形容词的作用,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语等。
(1)作主语
如:Six and eight are lucky numbers in China.
6和8在中国是幸运数字。
(2)作宾语
如:Please count to ten before speaking.
请数到10再说话。
(3)作表语
如:I am sixteen this year.
我今年16岁。
(4)作定语
如:We have seven subjects this term.
这个学期我们有7门课。
(5)作同位语
如:What kind of fruit do you three want?
你们3位想要什么水果?
二、序数词
1.序数词的构成
1)1~3的序数词
2)4~19的序数词
3)整十的序数词
4)第21~99的非整十序数词
5)100和100以上的序数词
第100为100th(读作 one hundredth)
第101为101st(读作 one hundred and first), 其他的以此类推。
2.序数词的句法功能
序数词起名词或形容词的作用,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语等。序数词与定冠词连用可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
如:The first apple has gone bad,the second is what I really need.
第一个苹果坏了,第二是我真正需要的。
(the first作定语,the second作主语)
I prefer the first shirt to the second.
我喜欢第一个衬衫胜过第二个。
(the first作定语,the second作宾语)
Thanksgiving Day is always on the fourth Thursday in November.
感恩节总是在11月的第4个星期四。
(the fourth作定语)
Jack is the first to finish the test paper.
杰克是第一个完成试卷的人。
(the first 作表语)
三、数词的应用
1.表示编号/顺序
编号可用序数词或基数词表示,序数词位于名词之前,并加定冠词the;基数词位于名词之后,且名词首字母大写,不加冠词。即:名词+基数词=the+序数词+名词。一般情况下,用基数词表示较为常见。
如:301房间:Room 301或No.301 Room
第10页:Page 10或the tenth page
第2课:Lesson Two或the second lesson
11路公交车:Bus(No.)eleven / No. 11 bus
(基数词还可以用于电话号码中,其中的0可读作zero或者o,有两个相同的号码连续如55,可读作five five 或double five.)
2.表示年龄
1)一般多用“基数词+year(s)old”表示年龄,也可只用数字来强调。注意:表示“在某人几十多岁时”。用“in+one's+整十基数词的复数”。
如:I was 18 years old when I started to live on my own.
我18岁时开始独立生活。
She went to the United States in her twenties.
她在20多岁时去了美国。
2)“在......岁”的表示法:表示一个人具体的岁数时,可以用“at the age of+基数词”或者“at age+基数词”或者“at+基数词”表示。
如:She started to learn the piano at the age of seven.
她在7岁时开始学习钢琴。
He set up his own company at (age) 30.
他在30岁时创办了自己的公司。
3.表示时刻
1)直接表达法:先小时,后分钟。
如:5:20:five twenty 2:30:two thirty
2)间接表达法:先分钟,后小时,中间加介词。在30分钟以内,用“分钟+past+小时”表示;超过30分钟时,用“分钟+to+下一小时”表示。
如:5:20:twenty past five 7:30:half past seven
6:50:ten to seven 9:55:five to ten
The plane to Beijing will take off at a quarter past six.
飞往北京的飞机将在6:15起飞。
15分钟常用a quarter表示,半小时常用half表示。
10:45可读作:a quarter to eleven
11:30可读作:half past seven
3)表示整点时可用基数词加o’clock,o’clock可省略。
如:I often go to school at seven (o'clock) every day.
我每天通常7点去上学。
4. 表示日期
1)年份的表示法和读法
年份通常用阿拉伯数字表示,用基数词读。公元前用BC表示,公元用AD表示。AD一般用于公元1到公元999年之间的年份
四位数的年份,一般前两位数为一个单位,后两位数为一个单位,依次按基数词读出。但要注意千年的读法。2018年可读作 two thousand and eighteen 或 twenty eighteen。
2)月、日的表示法和读法
表示月、日既可先写“月”再写“日”,也可先写“日”再写“月”。日期中的“几号”可用基数词,也可用序数词,但要注意读法。
如:6月1日:June 1(st)或1(st)June
读作:June(the)first或 the first of June
12月25日:December 25(th)或25(th)December
读作:December(the) twenty-fifth 或者 the twenty-fifth of December
“在某月”用“in+月份”表示。月份的第一个字母必须大写。“......月上/中/下旬”的表达方式为“early/mid-/late+月份名称”英语月份的缩写形式为:
January-Jan. February-Feb. March-Mar. April-Apr.
May-May June-Jun. July-Jul. August-Aug.
September-Sept. October-Oct. November-Nov. December-Dec.
(3)世纪、年代的表示法和读法
表达“在......世纪”时,century 前用序数词。表达“在......世纪......年代”时用“in the+带整10的年份+-s/-'s”。
如:在19世纪:in the 19th century
在18世纪20年代:in the 1720s/1720’s
在20世纪90年代中期:in the mid-1990s/mid-1990’s
5.表示倍数
表达倍数时,“两倍”用twice/double,“三倍以上”用“基数词+times”。数词表达倍数多见于如下五种句式:
1)倍数+as+形容词/副词+as...
如:We have produced three times as many computer as we did last year.
我们生产的计算机是去年的三倍之多。
2)倍数+the size of...
用法与size 相同的词:weight 重量,height 高度,depth 深度,width 宽度,length长度等。
如:This street is twice/double the width of that one.
这条街道比那条街道宽两倍。
3)倍数+what从句
如:The length of the road is twice/double what it was three years ago.
这条路是三年前的两倍长。
4)倍数+比较级+than
如:He has read three times more books than I have,
他读过的书是我读过的(书)三倍。
5)比较级+than...+by+倍数
如:The line is longer than that one by twice.这根线比那根线长两倍。
6.表示算式
1)加法算式的读法
数字 and/plus 数字 is/are/equal(s)/make(s)得数
注意:加法中的谓语动词用单数、复数均可。
如:5+12=17
Five and/plus twelve is/are seventeen.
Five and/plus twelve equal(s)seventeen
Five and/plus twelve make(s)seventeen
2)减法算式的读法
被减数 minus 减数 is/equals/leaves 得数
注意:减法中的谓语动词用单数。
如:15-7=8
Fifteen minus seven is/equals/leaves eight.
20-8=12
Twenty minus eight is/equals/leaves twelve.
3)乘法算式的读法
被乘数times乘数is/are/equal(s)/make(s)得数
被乘数multiplied by 乘数is/are/makes/make得数
乘法中的谓语动词用单数、复数均可。
如:3x5=15
Three times five is/are fifteen.
Three multiplied by five makes/make fifteen.
(1x1=1:Once one is one. 2x1=2:Twice one is two.)
4)除法算式的读法
①被除数 divided by 除数 gives/is/ equals/makes/goes 得数(and+余数+over)
②除数 into 被除数 is/goes 得数(and+余数+over)
注意:除法中的谓语动词用单数。
如:20÷5=4
Twenty divided by five is/equals/makes/goes four.
Five into twenty is/goes four.
7. 表示分数、小数、百分数
练习:
一、写出相应的基数词、序数词
1.基数词(32个)
1________
2________
3________
4________
5________
6________
7________
8________
9________
10________
11________
12________
13________
14________
15________
16________
17________
18________
19________
20________
21________
30________
40________
50________
60________
70________
80________
90________
100________
123________
1,000________
1,000,000________
2.序数词(32个)
第一________
第二________
第三________
第四________
第五________
第六________
第七________
第八________
第九________
第十________
第十一________
第十二________
第十三________
第十四________
第十五________
第十六________
第十七________
第十八________
第十九________
第二十________
第二十一________
第三十________
第四十________
第五十________
第六十________
第七十________
第八十________
第九十________
第一百________
第一百二十三________
第一千________
第一百万________
二、回答句子
1. What time is it ? (8:30)
It’s ___________________________.
2. What is it ? (9:15)
It’s ___________________________.
3. What time is it ? (7;45)
It’s ___________________________.
4. What was the date ? (1893年1月26日)
It ___________________________________
三、根据题目要求填空
1)写出下列词的序数词形式。
1. one 2.two 3. six 4.five
5. nine 6.twelve 7.eight 8.twenty-one
2)写出下列单词的基数词形式。
1. third 2.fourth 3.tenth
4.twentieth 5.nineteenth 6.thirty-first
3)根据句子意思填空。
1. Children’s Day(儿童节) is on the of June(六月).
2. There are months(月)in a year(年).
3. Teacher’s Day(教师节) is on the of September(九月).
4. Three plus(加) six is .
4)英汉互译
1.三百名学生 2.成百上千 3.成千上万
4.She was born on December ,1999. 她出生于1999年12月5日。
5.Two of the books are mine. 五分之二的书是我的。
四、单项选择
( )1. My cousin’s birthday in on the of October.
A. three B. first C. the second
( )2. What date is it today? It’s of April.
A. twelfth B. the 12th C. 12th
( )3. There are days in a week.
A. the seven B. seventh C. the seventh D. seven
( )4.Sunday is the day of a week.
A. one B. first C. second
( )5. Twenty-eight minus(减)six is .
A. the twenty- second B. twenty-two C. twenty- second
( )6. Four plus(加) is twelve.
A. seven B. eight C. nine
( )7. May is ____ of a year.
A. the fifth months B. the fifth month
C. the five months D. the five month
( )8. We live in ______.
A. the twenty-first century
B.the century twenty-one
C. century twenty-one
D. the century twenty-first
( )9. He said he was going to be free in _______.
A. one and a half hour
B. one hour and half
C. one and half hours
D. an hour and a half
( )10. ---How many English books are there on the table?
---There is only _____English book on it.
A. a B. an C. one D. The
( )11. The teacher told me to go over _____ lessons.
A. thirst three B. the three first
C. three the first D. the first three
( )12. The road is _________.
A. wo thousand and five hundred metres long
B. two thousands metres long
C.long one thousand five hundred metre
D.thousand and five hundreds metres long
( )13. December the ____ is Christmas.
A. twenty-five B. twenty-fifth
C. twentieth-five D. twenty-five
( )14. Is Sunday the ____ day of the week?
A. a B. one C. once D. first
( )15. March the _____ is Women’s Day.
A. eighth B. ninth C. tenth D. eight
( )16. September is the _____month of the year.
A. nineth B. ninth C. nine D. the twelveth
( )17. There are ____ students in our school.
A. four—hundred and forty—five
B. four hundred and forty—five
C. four hundreds and forty—five
D. four hundred and forty five
1.数词词组
( )1. people go swimming in summer in Dalian.
A.Thousands B.Thousand of
C.Thousands of D.Thousand
( )2. the students will take part in this English speech contest.
A.Two hundred of B.Two hundreds of
C.Hundreds of D.Hundred of
( )3.—How many teachers are there in your school?— ,but I’m not sure.
A.Hundreds B.Hundred
C.Hundreds of D.One hundred
( )4. There are some _____ in our classroom.
A.hundred of books
B. the hundreds of books
C. hundreds of books
D. hundred of book
2.复合形容词+数词
( )1. Tom has a bad cold so he has to ask for leave
A.8 days B. 8-day C. 8 days’ D. a 8-day
( )2. Li Ming will take part in the boys’ _______.
A.800-meter race B. 800-meter races
C. 800 meter race D. 800-meter-races
( )3. Peter has a bad cold. He wants to ask for a______leave.
A. two days B. two-day c. two days
( )4.——Hi, Jim? What’s your plan?——I will go on ____ visit to Xiamen.
A.a two-day B. a two day
C.a two-day’s D.a two-days’
( )5.一Look! How hard your daughter studies!—Yes ! I’ll ask her to have a______ rest.
A.ten minute's B. ten-minutes
C. ten minutes D. ten-minute
( )6. —Though Mike is ____ boy, he can say many words. —How clever!
A. an-one-year-old
B. a one-year-old
C. an one-year old
( )7. Don’t shout at him. He is only _____ __ boy.
A. a eight-year-old B. an eight-year-old
C. a eight years old D. an eight years old
( )8. —The Green family are looking forward China.
—Yes, and they will have holiday in China next month.
A.to visit; two weeks
B. to visiting; a two weeks
C.to visit; a two-weeks
D. to visiting; a two-week
3. another+基数词,基数词+more
( )1. —Why not stay in Beijing for three days? — I’d like to, but I have to come back for work.
A.other B. others C. another
( )2. —Would you like to have apples? No, thank you. I have had enough.
A.other two B. another two
C. more two D. two others
( )3.--There aren't enough chairs in the classroom.Would you please get _____ ? -- Certainly.
A.more two chairs B.two another chairs
C.other two chairs D.another two chairs
( )4.-Harbin is really a beautiful city and there’ re many places of interest. -So it is. Why not ___ here for ___ two days?
A. stay; other B. staying; more C. stay; another
4.分数
( )1._____of the land in that area ______covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifths; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifth; is
( )2. In our class _________of the students_________girls.
A. third fifths, is
B. third fifth, are
C. three fifths, are .
( )3. ________ of the land in that district (地区) is covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifths B. Two fifth C. Fifth second
( )4. --Drink more milk, Michael. ______ of the milk ______ still left in the bottle.--I'm full now, Mom.
A. Two thirds; is
B. Two thirds; are
C. Two three; is
( )5. -- There are 50 students in my class. The number of the girls _____ 20.
-- That means two _____ of the students are girls.
A. is; fifths B. are; fifths C. is; fifth
答案:
一、
1. 基数词(32个)
1. one
2. two
3. three
4. four
5. five
6. six
7. seven
8. eight
9. nine
10. ten
11. eleven
12. twelve
13. thirteen
14. fourteen
15. fifteen
16. sixteen
17. seventeen
18. eighteen
19. nineteen
20. twenty
21. twenty-one
30. thirty
40. forty
50. fifty
60. sixty
70. seventy
80. eighty
90. ninety
100. a hundred
123. a hundred and twenty-three
1,000. a thousand
1,000,000. a million
2. 序数词(32个)
第一 first
第二 second
第三 third
第四 fourth
第五 fifth
第六 sixth
第七 seventh
第八 eighth
第九 ninth
第十 tenth
第十一 eleventh
第十二 twelfth
第十三 thirteenth
第十四 fourteenth
第十五 fifteenth
第十六 sixteenth
第十七 seventeenth
第十八 eighteenth
第十九 nineteenth
第二十 twentieth
第二十一 twenty-first
第三十 thirtieth
第四十 fortieth
第五十 fiftieth
第六十 sixtieth
第七十 seventieth
第八十 eightieth
第九十 ninetieth
第一百 a hundredth
第一百二十三 a hundred and twenty-third
第一千 a thousandth
第一百万 a millionth
二、1.half past eight
2. a quarter past nine
3.a quarter to eight
4.was January 26th ,1893
三、1)1.first 2.second 3.sixth 4.fifth
5.ninth 6.twelfth 7.eighth 8.twenty-first
2)1.three 2.four 3.ten 4.twenty
5.nineteen 6.thirty-one
3)1.first 2.twelve 3.tenth 4.nine
4)1.three hundred students
2.hundreds of
3.thousands of
4. 5th
5.fifths
四、1-5:B B D B B
6-10:B B A D C
11-15:D A B D A
16-17:B B
1.数词词组:
1-4:C C D C
2.复合形容词+数词
1-5:C A B A D
6-8:B B D
3.another+基数词,基数词+more
1-4:C B D C
4.分数
1-5:A C A A A
1. --I’d like those shoes. How much are they? -- .
A.They’re fifty yuan.
B. It’s fifty yuan.
C.Five,please.
2. --How much is it? -- .
A.It’s forty-five yuan
B. Forty five yuan
C. Forty-five yuans
3.How many would you like?
A. Five yuan.B. Five, please. C. I’m five.
答案:AAB。
【中考真题】
9. Mike believed his lucky number was ten, so he decided to live on the__________floor. (ten)
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