初中英语常用词语辨析

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导语


初中英语词汇辨析主要出现在单项选择或完形填空中,在平常的英语学习中,同学们可能缺少系统的词语辨析训练,所以考试遇到这类考点总是失分。


今天,小编继续和大家分享20组初中常用易混易错词汇辨析,内容涵盖习题检测和详细知识点拨,一定让你过目不忘!快来一起扫清词汇障碍吧!



No. 1  be able to & can


【例句】
1. Nobody can / is able to answer the question.
2. She is able to speak English well.
3. She will be able to go to England next week.
4. I hope to be able to join the reading club.
5. Can you help me with my English?

【贴士】
★ be able to和can都有“会;能够”之意。表示现在或过去的能力,两者可通用,如例句1。
★ can作情态动词,无人称和数的变化,而be able to有人称、时态和数的变化,如例句2。
★ be able to可以表示将来的能力,而can一般只表示现在和过去的能力,如例句3。
★ be able to可用在不定式符号to之后,而can不能,如例句4。
★ 表示请求和允许时,只能用can,而不能用be able to,如例句5。

【体验】
用be able to或can的适当形式填空。
1. — ______ I ask you some questions?
  — Of course.
2. If we go to a higher place, you will ______ see us clearly.
3. Helen ______ read storybooks at the age of four.

Key:
1. Can        
2. be able to        
3. could / was able to

No. 2  advise & suggest


【点拨】
advise和suggest都有“建议”的意思,后面都可以接名词或that从句(advise / suggest that sb. (should) do sth.),但它们也有区别:
advise常用于advise sb. to do sth. 结构中;
suggest常用于suggest doing sth. 结构中,两者均表示“建议(某人)做某事”。

No. 3  exciting & excited


【点拨】
exciting和excited既可作定语,又可作表语。
exciting意为“令人兴奋的”,通常用于修饰事物;
excited用来表示人的心情,即某人对某物(事)“感到兴奋、激动”,通常用于修饰人。

No. 4  when & while


【点拨】
 (1) when既可以指时间点,也可指一段时间,而while只可以指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是短暂性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while引导的时间状语从句中的动词一般是延续性动词。
(2) when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生,也可以是先后发生;而while则强调主句的动作在从句动作发生的过程中发生或主句和从句中的两个动作同时发生。


No. 5  provide sb. with sth. & provide for sb.


【例句】
1. Miss Yang provided some free fruit for the poor people.
2. We are here to provide the public with a service.
3. In those days, he couldn’t even provide for his family.

【贴士】
provide意为“提供,给予”,常见搭配为provide sb. with sth.,相当于provide sth. for sb.,表示“给某人提供某物”,如句1、2。provide for sb. 意为“为某人提供生活所需”,如句3。

【体验】
根据汉语意思完成句子。每空一词。
1. 红十字会给灾民们提供了食物和衣服。
    The Red Cross ______ food and clothes ______ the disaster victims.
2. 这个项目旨在为年轻人提供就业机会。
    The project was started to ______ young people ______ work.
3. 她的新工作很繁忙,但她需要它来养家糊口。
    She needs her new busy work to ______  ______ her family.

Key:
1. provided; for            
2. provide; with             
3. provide for

No. 6  borrow,lend & keep


【例句】
1. She borrowed a book from the school library.
2. Can you lend me your pen / lend your pen to me?
3. — How long can I keep the book?
  — You can keep it for two weeks.

【贴士】
◆ borrow意为“借入”,常见结构为borrow sth. from sb.。如句1。
◆ lend意为“借出”,常见结构为lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb.。如句2。
◆ keep意为“保存,留着,不退还”,是延续性动词,可与表示时间段的状语连用。如句3。

【体验】 
根据句意,用borrow, lend或keep填空。
1. — Could I ______ your new storybook?
  — Yes. Here you are. But you mustn’t ______ it to others.
2. — How long can I ______ your car?
  — For a week.
3. Wang Ping wanted to ______ some money from me.

Key:
1. borrow; lend   
2. keep       
3. borrow

No. 7   a / an + 序数词


【点拨】
一般情况下,序数词前面加the表示顺序。有时序数词前面加不定冠词,即“a / an +序数词”表示“再一”、“又一”。比较:
She is sitting in the second row.
她坐在第二排。
Shall I ask him a second time?
我还要再问他一次吗?


No. 8  beat & win


【点拨】
beat意为“打,击打,(在比赛中)打败(某人)”,常用作及物动词。如:
Why did your father beat you just now?
刚才你爸爸为什么打你?
The rain is beating against the window.
雨水正敲打着窗户。
She beat all the other runners in the 100-meter race.
百米赛跑中她得了第一。

【拓展】
win是及物动词,意为“赢得,获胜”,与beat有相近的意思,但是其后常跟游戏(game)、比赛(race)、选举(election)等。

No. 9  die of & die from


【点拨】
die为不及物动词,意为“死,死亡;
(草木)枯萎”,其现在分词形式为dying。die out表示“灭绝;消失”。如:
These flowers are dying.
这些花正在枯萎。
Will that style of music die out in ten years?
那种风格的音乐会在十年后消失吗?

【拓展】
die of和die from都表示“死于……”。若死因存在于人体之内(主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因),一般用die of;若死因不是存在于人体之内,而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等外部原因),一般用die from。

No. 10  missing & lost


【例句】
1. The book had two pages missing.
2. The letter never arrived. It must have got lost in the post.

【贴士】
◆ missing修饰物的时候,意为“缺失的,不在的”,如例句1;它修饰人的时候,意为“失踪的,行踪不明的”。如:
The child has been missing for two weeks.
孩子已经失踪两周了。
◆ lost修饰物的时候,意为“丢失了的”,如例句2;它修饰人的时候,意为“迷途的”。如:
It was so dark that we got lost very quickly.
天太黑了,我们很快就迷路了。

【体验】 
选用missing或lost填空。
1. Some firemen were ______ after the fire.  
2. Where should I go to look for my ______ wallet? 

Key:
1. missing   
2. lost

No. 11 information & news & message


【点拨】
information意为“资料,信息”,是不可数名词,指通过阅读、调查、学习等方法所获得的或收集到的新闻、资料、情报等信息。如:
How did you collect the information about this school?
你是怎么收集到关于这所学校的信息的?

【拓展】
news也是不可数名词,指报纸、电台或电视等传播媒体向公众报道的新闻,也可指某人原来不知道或没有听说过的消息;
message是可数名词,意为“消息,音信”, 指从一个人传向另一个人的讯息,它可以是口头的,也可以是书面的。如:
No news is good news.
没有消息便是好消息。
May I take a message for you?
我可以为你捎个信吗?

No. 12 if / whether引导的宾语从句


【点拨】 
if / whether引导宾语从句时, 通常放在ask, wonder, know, be not sure等之后, 用陈述语序, 时态与主句时态保持一致。如:
I’m not sure if / whether he can win the game.
我不确定他能否赢得这场比赛。

No. 13  alone & lonely


【例句】
1. Mary was alone in the classroom then.
2. I don’t think that you should swim alone.
3. Lots of old people live a lonely life in the countryside.
4. I never feel lonely at school.
5. That’s a lonely village far away from the city.

【贴士】
★ alone可用作形容词,意为“单独的,独自的”,常作表语,强调客观上只有一个人,没有人陪伴,如例句1;alone也可用作副词,意为“独自地,单独地”,常作状语,如例句2。
★ lonely是形容词,意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,强调心灵上的孤独寂寞,在句中既可作定语,又可作表语,如例句3和例句4。lonely作定语时,还可以修饰地点名词,意为“荒凉的,偏僻的”,如例句5。

【体验】
选用alone或lonely填空。
1. My parents don’t let me travel ______
2. Last Sunday she stayed at home ______, so she felt very ______ and sad.
3. No one lives on that ______ island.

Key:
1. alone        
2. alone; lonely    
3. lonely

No. 14 get / be used to


【点拨】
get / be used to …意为“习惯于……”,后接名词、代词或动词的ing形式。二者不同点是:get used to强调由“不习惯”到“习惯”这一动态过程;be used to强调状态,表示已经习惯某事了。如:
You’ll get used to the weather here soon.
你不久就会习惯这儿的天气。
My father is used to reading a book for a while before going to bed.
我父亲习惯了睡觉前看会儿书。

【拓展】
used to意为“过去常常;曾经”,表示过去的习惯性动作或状态,且这种情况现在已经不复存在,没有人称和数的变化。

No. 15  cost & pay & spend & take


【例句】
1. Tickets cost 35 yuan each.
2. It cost me 25 yuan to buy that book.
3. Jim’s father paid for the house.
4. The girl pays $200 a week for this apartment.
5. Ellen spent 80 yuan on the new dress.
6. Don’t spend too much time playing basketball.
7. It took the visitors 2 hours to get there.

【贴士】
★ cost意为“值,需花费”,主语通常是物,常见用法为:sth. cost(s) some money和It cost(s) sb. some money to do sth.,如例句1、2。
★ pay意为“付费,付酬”,主语通常是人,常见结构为:pay for sth.和pay some money for sth.,如例句3、4。
★ spend意为“花费(金钱、时间)”,主语只能是人,常见结构为:spend +时间 + (in) doing sth. / on sth.”表示“花费时间在(做)某事上”;spend + 金钱+ (on) doing sth. / on sth.表示“花费金钱在(做)某事上”。如例句5、6。
★ take表示“花费(时间)”时,常用句型为:It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.,如例句7。

【体验】
选用cost, pay, spend或take的适当形式填空。
1. If you break the cups, you must ______ for them.
2. In our club, a full day’s activities will ______ you $35.
3. The girl is good at English. She ______ lots of time reading English books every day.
4. — Oh, what a nice model plane!
  — Thank you. It ______ me over a month to make it.
5. They didn’t buy the car because it ______ too much.

Key:
1. pay       
2. cost       
3. spends       
4. took      
5. cost


No. 16 方位介词 in, to, on


【点拨】
in the east of …意为“在……的东部”。
in, to, on这三个方位介词的用法易混淆,区别如下:
“in the + 方位名词 + of …”,指在某一范围之内的地区;
“to the + 方位名词 + of …”,指互不接壤且互不管辖的两个地区;
“on the + 方位名词 + of …”,指相互接壤但互不管辖的两个地区。

No. 17 receive & accept


【例句】
1. I received an e-mail from Jim yesterday.
2. Why didn’t you accept the present?

【贴士】
receive指客观上“收到,得到”,强调动作,不包含是否愿意接受的意思,它强调的是一种客观事实。如例句1。
accept意为“接受”,表示接受人主动地、情愿地接受,强调主观态度。如例句2。

【体验】 
用accept或receive的适当形式填空。
1. When did you ______ the letter from your mother?
2. He wanted to help me but I didn’t ______.
3. If you ______ a present from a stranger (陌生人), will you ______ it?

Key:
1. receive    
2. accept      
3. receive; accept

No. 18  notice, look (at), see & watch


【例句】
1. Nobody noticed the ring on her finger.
2. Do you mind not putting up a notice on the wall?
3. Look! The boys are playing football.
4. Mr. Zhang looked at his son and smiled.
5. May I have a look at your camera?
6. My uncle walked away, and I couldn’t see him in the crowd.
7. Do you like to watch NBA games on TV?

【贴士】
★ notice可作动词,意为“留意,看到,注意到,意识到”,指有意识地注意到某些情况,如例句1;notice还可作名词,意为“通知,公告等”,如例句2。
★ look意为“看”,常用作不及物动词,它可以独立成句,用来唤起别人的注意,如例句3;
look常与介词at连用,表示“看……”,强调动作,如例句4;
look还可用作名词,意为“看,瞧,神情,相貌等”,如例句5。
★ see常用作及物动词,意为“看到,看见”,强调结果,如例句6。
★ watch常用作及物动词,意为“观看,注视”,指非常仔细地、集中注意力地看,常用于观看电视节目、才艺表演、比赛等,如例句7。

【体验】
根据汉语意思完成句子。每空一词。
1. 刚才这个老人盯着这份公告仔细看,但是他什么也没看到。
Just now the old man ______  ______ the notice carefully, but he
______ nothing.
2. 昨天晚上,我没有注意到任何不同寻常的事情。
    I ______  ______ anything unusual last night.  
3. 格林先生一家正在电视机前看划船比赛。
    Mr. Green’s family ______  ______ the boat races on TV now.
4. 看!简正在教室里跟她的语文老师谈话。
    ______! Jane is talking with her Chinese teacher in the classroom.

Key:
1. looked at; saw      
2. didn’t notice    
3. are watching         
4. Look

No. 19  also, too & either


【贴士】
also, too和either都可以表示“也”,但它们的用法有所不同:
★ also常位于句中,用在系动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前;
★ too常位于句末,且too前常用逗号与前句隔开。另外,在简略答语里too常用于宾格代词之后。
★ either常用于否定句中,一般放在句末。注意在句型转换练习中,当肯定句变为否定句时,其中的also和too都要改成either。

【体验】
 用also, too或either填空。
1. Steven can sing. And he can ______ dance.
2. Beth will help you. I will help you, ______.
3. Tim won’t go to the party and Kelly won’t ______.
4. — I prefer to eat cakes that have cream on top.
  — Me ______! They are delicious.

Key:
1. also
2. too
3. either
4. too

No. 20  seem & look


【贴士】
seem和look都可以表示“看起来”,后接形容词时,两者可以互换使用。
seem和look的区别如下:
★ seem后可接动词不定式,但look后不能接动词不定式;
★ seem可用于“It seems / seemed + that从句”句型,但look没有此用法;
★ seem可用于“There seem(s) / seemed to be …”句型,但look没有此用法。

【体验】
用seem或look填空。
1. The girl sat there and said nothing. She ______ very sad.
2. He is a 10-year-old boy, but he ______ to know a lot.
3. It ______ that nobody knows that tall boy’s name.
4. There ______ to be more than 200 students in front of the library now.

Key:
1. seemed / looked    
2. seems
3. seems
4. seem

最后编辑于:2024/2/26 拔丝英语网

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