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Mr Wang is always the first to get to school and the last to leave school.
leave是非延续性动词,不能和一段时间连用。如:
They have been away from the hometown for nearly two years.
(× They have left the hometown for nearly two years.)
Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?
在反义疑问句中,陈述部分以Let’s开头,疑问部分用shall we?
陈述部分以Let us / me开头,疑问部分用will you?
He began to pick some flowers in the forest and before long he lost his way.
不要与long before混淆。long before意为“很久以前”。
Even the beds are made of ice!
be made from通常指从制成品中看不出原料,而be made of 通常从成品中能看出原料。
it doesn’t matter 没关系;无所谓
— I’m very sorry I am late.
— It doesn’t matter. Better late than never.
matter作动词用时,主要用于疑问句和否定句,并且不用于进行时。
Protecting our environment means protecting ourselves.
mean to do sth 意为“打算做某事”;
mean doing sth 意为“意味着做某事”。
He might not have received our letter.
表示对现在和将来的推测用might do sth, 表示对过去的推测用might have done sth。
Would you mind if I sat here? / Do you mind if I sit here?
在Would you mind if 句型中,从句谓语常用一般过去时,而Do you mind if 句型中,从句谓语常用一般现在时。
the more …, the more … 越……,就越……
The more we read, the more we know.
“the + 比较级…,the + 比较级 …”表示“越……,就越……”,
The more trees we plant, the greener our city will be.
— No, I needn’t. / Yes, I must.
回答Must …? 疑问句时,肯定回答用:Yes, … must.
否定回答用:No, …needn’t. 或 No, … don’t / doesn’t have to.
My windows need cleaning. / My windows need to be cleaned.
need后接动词-ing时,用主动形式表示被动含义。
— I never drink coffee. 我从来不喝咖啡。
neither意为“也不”时,承接在否定句后面表示与前面提到的情况一样,常引起部分倒装。其结构为“neither+助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词+主语”
Never have I heard anything like it!
never位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装结构,即“Never + 助动词 / 情态动词 / be 动词 + 主语…”。
I’m going on vacation next week / month.
I was sick during the night but felt better the next day.
在时间上,指以现在为基准的“下一个”时,next前不加the。指以过去或未来某时间为基准的“下一个”时,next前加the。
up to now / until now / till now 迄今为止
Sophia has lost over 20 kilograms until now.
up to now / until now / till now 通常与现在完成时连用。
There are a number of cultural study clubs that students may join.
The number of Chinese students at the university has grown quickly.
a number of意为“许多;大量”,后接复数名词,作主语时谓语动词用复数。
the number of意为“……的数量”,后接复数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
Only in these ways can we get along well.
“only + 状语”置于句首时,通常引起部分倒装。
句子结构为:only + 状语 + 助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词be + 主语 + 实义动词……
If only I had gone by taxi.
如果表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。
Not only my friends but also I am interested in football.
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but he is an excellent basketball player.
1. not only … but (also) 可以连接并列成分。连接主语时,谓语与靠近它的主语一致。
2. not only … but (also) 连接两个并列分句时,如not only位于句首其所在的句子要用部分倒装语序。
Did Linda pay you for looking after her baby?
Not all companies pay their workers for more work.
pay后接钱数或某人,pay for后接所买的物品或服务等。
What is the population of your province?
China has the largest population in the world.
The population of the Earth is growing fast.
Today, about 15 percent of the population are left-handed.
1. what is the population of … ? 中的what不能用how many或how much替代,可用how large替代;
2. 修饰population的形容词不用many或few,而用large或small;
3. population常与定冠词the连用,作主语时谓语动词常用单数形式;
4. 当“分数词+ of population”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
would rather … (than) 宁愿 / 宁可… (而不)
I don’t like rice. I’d rather have a piece of bread.
在would rather … (than) 结构中,would rather和than后均接不带to的不定式。其否定形式是在rather后直接加not,如:I’d rather not swim. 我不愿意游泳。
so意为“同样”、“也”时,常承接在肯定句后面。其结构为“so + 助动词 /情态动词 / be动词 + 主语……”。
— Hainan is famous for its blue sky and fresh air.
海南以其蓝色的天空和清新的空气而闻名。
— So it is. 确实如此。
“so + 主语 + 助动词 / 情态动词 / be 动词”表示对之前或对方所说情况的赞同或证实,意为“对”或“的确如此”。
The garden is so beautiful that people want to stop to see it.
stop doing sth表示停止正在做的事情;stop to do sth表示停下来去做其他事情。
We were sitting at table when the telephone rang.
以there开头的句子通常用倒装语序。如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语不需要倒装。
You’re tired, but I’m tired, too.
too表示“也”用在肯定句中,否定句中用either。
另外,also也意为“也”,但通常用于实意动词之前,助动词、情态动词和系动词之后。
Whatever the boy had to do, he tried to do his best.
John isn’t here. Try phoning his home number.
1. try doing sth 一般表示“尝试做某事”,含有试试看的意味;try to do sth 则表示“努力做某事”。
2. 在口语中,尤其在祈使句中,常用try and 代替 try to。
I’m always working hard to try and win.
I used to be quiet, but now I’m outgoing.
used的否定式为used not或didn’t use,一般疑问句可用used开头,也可用did开头。
He usedn’t / didn’t use to come.
他过去不常来。
Used he / Did he use to come by bus?
他过去常常坐公共汽车来吗?
You used to go there, usedn’t / didn’t you?
What a fine day it is! 今天的天气多好啊!
what引导的感叹句的基本结构是:
1. What+a / an+形容词+可数名词(单数) +主语+谓语动词! (主谓可省),如:
What a nice girl (she is)!
(她是个) 多好的女孩啊!
2. What+形容词+可数名词复数 / 不可数名词+主语+谓语动词!(主谓可省),如:
What beautiful flowers (they are)!
— She hasn’t left yet, has she? 她还没走,对吧?
— Isn’t this book yours? 这本书不是你的吗?
— No, it isn’t. 对,这本书不是我的。
在回答否定问句时,如答案是肯定的,要用yes;如答案是否定的,则用no,这与汉语习惯不同。
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