***Unit 4 A glimpse of future知识清单***
一、词汇派生
1.artificial adj.人造的，人工的
→artificially adv.人工地，人为地；不自然地，做作地
2.assist v．协助；援助
→assistance n．协助；援助→assistant n．助手，助理
3.potential adj.潜在的，有可能的n.潜力，潜势，可能性
→potentially adv.潜在地
4.legal adj.合法的
→illegal adj.非法的，违法的
5.moral adj.道德上的，有道德的 n.教育意义，寓意；道德
→immoral adj.不道德的，道德败坏的
二、一词多义
capacity n．能力，才能；容量，容积；身份，职位
①Their reasoning capacity must be developed.(n.能力)
②She worked here in the capacity of nurse.(n.身份，职位)
③The capacity of the freezer is 1.1 cubic feet.(n.容量，容积)
三、知识要点
1.assistant n．助手，助理
(教材P38)Thanks to AI，I've got my own supersmart personal assistant built into my phone.
多亏了人工智能，我的手机里安装了我自己的超级智能个人助理。
[例1]An assistant sat typing away at a table beside him.
助手坐在他身旁的一张桌子上埋头打字。
[例2]The shop assistants didn't really want to discuss the matter，saying it was just my hard luck.
店员根本不想谈论此事，说这完全是我运气太差。
[造句]他当过这位总统的助理。
He worked as an assistant to the president.
[知识拓展]
(1)an assistant to... ……的助理
(2)assist vt. 帮助；协助；援助
assist sb.to do sth.
＝assist sb.in doing sth.
＝assist sb.with sth.
帮助某人做某事
(3)assistance n. 援助；帮助
①He asked us to assist him to carry through his plan.
②They sent an assistant to help me here.
③We will provide assistance if your car breaks down.
④Do you often assist your mother with the housework?
＝Do you often assist your mother to do the housework?
＝Do you often assist your mother in doing the housework?
你经常帮助妈妈做家务吗？
[小片段填空]
Our ①assistant manager is on duty 24 hours a day in the lobby.Please dial “6100” for ②assistance．
2.potentially adv.潜在地
(教材P39)Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run.
从长远来看，几乎所有的工作都存在潜在的风险。
[例1]The disease is potentially fatal.
这种疾病可能会致命。
[例2]All polling methods are potentially open to abuse.
所有的民意调查方法都有可能被滥用。
[造句]这无疑是一种潜在的危险局势。
Clearly this is a potentially dangerous situation.
[知识拓展]
potential adj.潜在的，有可能的 n. 潜力，潜势，可能性
a potential disaster 潜在的灾祸
(a)potential for (doing) sth.……的潜力
with great potential 有巨大的潜力
have the potential to do...有做某事的潜力或可能性
①There is also potential for exploiting untouched arable land resources.
②China is abundant in resources of rivers，grassland and mountains，with great potential of development.
③The new biological science does have the potential to do great harm，as well as good.
3.(教材P39)I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data，which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts.我相信人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解释大量的数据的能力，这意味着它甚至可以解决人类专家难以解决的问题。
(1)capacity n．能力，才能；职位；容量
[例1]In my capacity as president，I would like to thank Jack for his hard work.
作为总统，我要感谢杰克的辛勤工作。
[例2]The mountain walk is well within the capacity of most fit people.
对大多数健康的人来说，走这条山路不成问题。
[造句]儿童生来就有理解语言的能力。
Children have a born capacity to understand the language.
[知识拓展]
at full capacity 以全(部)力(量)，满功率，满负载
in one's capacity as...
＝in the capacity of...
作为……；以……资格、身份或职位
beyond one's capacity超出某人的能力范围
capacity for... ……的能力
capacity to do sth. 做某事的能力
①In his capacity as captain，he's got the right to tell us what to do.
②This maths problem is beyond the capacity of most school children.
③She seems to have lost the capacity to enjoy herself.
(2)analyse v．分析
[例1]We analysed the results of our experiment.
我们分析了试验的结果。
[例2]The precise reasons for the disaster are difficult to analyse.
这场灾难的确切原因很难分析。
[造句]必须对结果进行详尽分析。
The results must be analysed in detail.
[知识拓展]
(1)analyse...into.. 把……分解成......
analyse...in detail 详尽分析……
(2)analysis n. 分析；分析报告
①Analyse this complex sentence into many clauses.
②Blood samples from almost 6，000 five year olds were analysed in the study.
③We made a careful analysis of his character.
[小片段填空]
The article has introduced some ①analysis of this information system，including feasible ②analysis，and business procedure ③is analysed，too.
4.illegal adj.非法的，违法的
(教材P39)One thing I think we all agree on，though，is that saying“My AI did it！”won't be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour!
不过，有一件事我想大家都同意，那就是说“这是我的人工智能做的！”不会成为任何违法或不道德行为的借口！
[例1] In this sentence，the writer uses an illegal construction.
在本句中，作者使用了一个不合语法的结构。
[例2] It's illegal for people under 17 to drive a car in Britain.
在英国，不满17岁的人驾驶车辆是违法的。
[造句] 把车停在这里是违法的。
It is illegal to park your car here.
[知识拓展]
(1)illegal drugs 非法药品
an illegal act 非法行为
It's illegal (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是违法的
(2)legal adj. 合法的
It's legal (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是合法的
(3)illegally adv.非法地，不合法地
legally adv. 合法地；法律上
①Is it legal for boys of that age to drink alcohol?
②All the illegally constructed buildings must be pulled down.
③The school is legally responsible for your child's safety.
[小片段填空]
There is no need for ①illegal border crossings if you are not doing something ②illegally!
5.inconvenience n.不方便
at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便
for the convenience of sb 为了方便某人
convenient adj.方便的;便利的
conveniently adv.方便地;便利地
It is convenient (for sb) to do sth.(某人)方便做某事。
【名师点津】
(1)convenience意为“便利;方便”时,为不可数名词;意为“便利的事物或设施”时,为可数名词。
(2)convenient作表语时,不可用人作主语,而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。
6.have no choice but to ... 别无选择,只能……
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
There’s no alternative... ……别无选择。
have nothing to do but do 除了做……之外无事可做
We have no alternative but to go on.
除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地。
There’s no alternative but to work together to fight against the virus.
除了共同对抗病毒,别无选择。
7.concerned adj.有关的;担心的
concern oneself about... 关心……
show/express concern for/about... 对……表示关心
be concerned about/for... 担心……
be concerned with... 与……有关,涉及
as far as...be concerned 就……而言
【名师点津】形容词concerned作前置定语时,意为“关心的,挂念的,担心的”;作后置定语时,意为“相关的;有关的”。例如:
a concerned look“关切的神情”
the authorities concerned“有关当局”
8.recommendation n.推荐
recommend doing sth 建议做某事
recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
recommend that sb (should) do 建议某人做某事(从句用虚拟语气)
recommend sb sth 向某人推荐某物
recommend sth to sb 把某物推荐给某人
recommend sb as... 推荐某人为……
The doctor strongly recommended limiting the amount of fat in my diet.
医生强烈建议我限制饮食中脂肪的含量。
【名师点津】后接的宾语从句用虚拟语气的其他动词:advise, suggest, desire, command, urge, order, require, request等。
9.affect v.影响
affect health 影响健康
be affected by... 被……打动
be affected with a high fever发高烧
have an effect on... 对……有影响
With the government’s aid,those affected by the earthquake have moved for the new settlements.
在政府的援助下,那些受地震灾害影响的人们已经搬进了新居。
四、重点句式
1.either...or...不是……就是
(教材P38)In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking，artificial intelligence will be“either the best，or the worst thing，ever to happen to humanity”．
用斯蒂芬•霍金教授的话来说，人工智能“要么是人类历史上最好的事物，要么就是最糟糕的事物”。
句式分析：句中either...or...连接两个表语，表示“不是……就是……；或者……或者……”。
[例1] I'm going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University，as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.
我想去蒙特利尔大学或渥太华大学，因为这两所大学的物理系都很棒。
[例2] It had also given me a choice，either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope.
它也给了我一个选择，或者留着那页空白或者带着希望继续写故事。
[造句] 不是我父母就是我哥正待在家里。
Either my parents or my brother is (staying)at home now.
[知识拓展]
(1)either...or...表示“不是……就是……；或者……或者……”，相对应的反义短语为neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，两者都常用来连接两个平行结构。
(2)连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要和临近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近一致”原则。
(3)neither...nor...连接两个句子且置于句首时，(因neither和nor都是否定意义的词)前后两句都要用倒装语序。
(4)遵循“就近原则”的并列连词还有：
not only...but also...不但……而且……
not...but... 不是……而是……
...or... ……或者……
①This phenomenon is neither good nor bad.
②Has(have)either he or his classmates known the secret?
③Not you but I am mistaken.
④I have not been to either Paris or Rome.
2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事
(教材P38)It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.
我过去常常感觉好像自己有50%的时间都花在了寻找新餐馆上。
句式分析：句中used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”(指过去的习惯或状态)，现在已经不再做了。
[例1] I used to cook，but I don't have time to cook now.
我以前经常做饭，但是现在没时间做了。
[例2] Tom used to be a couch potato，but he works out everyday now.
汤姆过去是个电视迷，但现在每天都健身。
[造句] 在星期天，他过去常常早起去钓鱼。
On Sundays he used to get up early and go fishing.
[知识拓展]
(1)used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”
否定形式：didn't use to或used not (usedn't)to
疑问形式：Did...use to...？或Used... to...?
反意疑问形式：肯定句，usedn't/didn't＋主语？
(2)be/get used to (doing)sth.表示“习惯于(做)某事”，现在依旧在做
be used to do sth.表示“被用于做某事”，是被动语态
①It can be used to do the same thing.
它可以用来做相同的事情。
②Let your body get/be used to the temperature change!
让你的身体适应温度的变换！
③I used to get the mail early in the morning.
我过去常常在清晨去取邮件。
④You used to go there，usedn't/didn't you?
你过去常到那里去，是吗？
3.条件状语从句的省略
(教材P39)If not，it might wipe us all out!
如果不这样的话，它可能会把我们都消灭！
句式分析：句中if not 是if we're not lucky的省略形式，表示否定意义。
[例1] It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it —if not，turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
[例2] I think there's a bullet train at midday.If not，you will have to wait till 2 o'clock in the afternoon.
我想正午会有一辆动车。要是没有，你只好等到下午2点了。
[造句] 如果还没有，这就是你要做的第一步。
If not，this should be your first step.
[知识拓展]
(1)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且谓语动词为be动词时，则可以省去其主语和be动词。
(2)if构成的省略形式：
if not 如果不这样的话，不然，表示否定意义
if so 如果这样的话，表示肯定意义
if any 如果有的话
if ever 如果有过或发生过的话
if necessary/possible如果有必要/可能
①Are you ready? If so，let's set off at once.
②She wants to go with us，if possible.
③Wash it in water and pick out the small particles，if there are any.
→Wash it in water and pick out the small particles，if any．
④I'll go if you are going.If you aren't going，I'd rather stay at home.
→I'll go if you are going.If not，I'd rather stay at home.
五、难句分析
1.Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant.
分析：句中she gives me为省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词recommendation，since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant 为since引导的原因状语从句，其中if引导宾语从句。
译文：她给我的每一个推荐都很好，因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一家餐厅。
2.Millenniumbutterfly，you say how great it would be to have selfdriving cars，but what about all the taxi drivers who would lose their jobs?
分析：句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，第一个分句中how great it would be to have selfdriving cars 为how引导的宾语从句，第二个分句中who will lose their jobs 为关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词drivers。
译文：千禧蝶，你说拥有自动驾驶汽车有多好，但是所有将失去工作的出租车司机怎么办？
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