刚开始学习从句或者有一部分已经学习很久从句的同学们都会被关系代词和关系副词弄的一头雾水。关系词在学习从句的时候是一个非常重要的标志性的词汇。
我们从汉语的结构来理解关系副词和关系代词就不难发现，关系这两个字没有变化，想要理解这两个意义，突破口在于代词和副词。关系代词就是表示关系的代词，我们知道代词就是起到代替作用的词，所以关系代词就是在从句中期待代替作用。什么是代替作用？其实就是代替主句中的一个词或者一个句子在从句中作成分。关系副词就是在句子中起到副词作用，在句子中起到修饰作用不代替主句中的词语或者句子充当成分的词。
关系代词
常见的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose这几个。
Who，whom，whose这三个关系代词都是和人称有关联的关系词。who主格或者是宾格指人。whom宾格指人。whose作为形容词性物主代词或者是所有格指某人的。这里要注意whose可不仅仅可以表示某人的，whose既然是形容词性物主代词或者是所有格同时也承担着物品上的所有。
例句
1.The woman who is standing over there is my teacher. 站在那边的女人是我的老师。
2.he person whom I met yesterday is an engineer.我昨天遇到的人是一名工程师。
3.The house whose roof is blue belongs to my friend.屋顶是蓝色的房子是我朋友的。
Which和that这两个先行词指名词或者代词，在从句中可以做主语，宾语。（that做关系词有时候是可以省略的）
例句
1.Computer game is something that is liked by most boys. 大多数男孩都喜欢电脑游戏 (that 作主语)
2.Where is the book that I read this morning? 我今天早上读的书在哪里？(that 作宾语)
3.The car, which is red, belongs to my sister.那辆红色的车是我姐姐的。
复合关系代词
从这类关系代词的名字上就能看出这类的关系代词是由几个单词合成的一个关系代词。通常情况下是两个词结合成一个词。万what，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever，wherever，whenever，however。
1、what
前面不能有先行词（即名词），我们可以把 what 看作 the things which, which 在引导的定语从句中作主语、宾语或 者be 动词的表语。
What really matter is that she wore a pair of white shoes. (what做matters的主语) 真正麻烦的是她穿了一双白鞋 = The things which really matter is that she wore a pair of white shoes.
2、whatever
前面不能有先行词，我们可以把 whatever 当作 anything which, which 在所引导的定语从句中应作主语、宾语或 be 动词的表语
He does whatever she asks him to do.她要他做什么,他就做什么。= He does anything which she asks him to do.
3、whoever
前面不能有先行词，把whoever 看作 anyone who, who 在所引导的定语从句中应作主语、宾语或 be 动词的表语
Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就 = Give it to anyone who you see in the meeting-room.
4、whomever
前面不能有先行词，我们把 whomever 当作 anyone whom, whom 在所引导的定语从句中应作宾语
Whomever she chooses as her partner， I will support her decision.她选谁做她的伴侣，我都会支持她。 = Anyone whom she chooses as her partner， I will support her decision.
5、whichever
前面不可有先行词，我们把 whichever 看作 any one which, which在所引导的定语从句中应作主语或宾语
You can pick whichever one you like. 你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。 = You can pick any one which you like.
6、wherever
wherever 是副词连词，相当于 no matter where，引导状语从句，用逗号与主句相隔
Wherever he goes, I’ll go. 不管他去哪里,我也去。 = No matter where he goes, I’ll go.
7、whenever
whenever 是副词连词，相当于 no matter when，引导状语从句，以逗号与主句相隔
I go to the theatre whenever I get the chance.有机会我就去看戏。= I go to the theatre no matter when I get the chance.
8、however
(1) 副词，表“然而”
He is nice, however, I don't like him. 他很好，不过我不喜欢他
(2) 副词连词，相当于 no matter how，引导状语从句，以逗号与主句相隔
However nice he may be, I don't like him. 不论他有多好，我就是不喜欢他 = No matter how nice he may be, I don't like him.
准关系代词
就是but,as,than 作关系代词引导定语从句 but 既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语。
1.but
There is no...but... 没有... 不
There is no one but loves music. 没人不喜欢音乐
2.as
such... as... 像这样的... | the same ... as... 和... 相同的... | the same ... that 同一个
His attitude towards life is the same as mine. 我和他对待生活的态度一样。
3.than
more + 名词 + than
It was more a command than a question这更像是命令而不是问题。
关系副词有四个： why、when、where、how
1、why
why = for which，放于 the reason 之后（why 可以省略）
I haven't been to the cinema in a while, that's why I'm really excited about going tonight. 我有很久都没有去那个电影院了，这就是为啥我今天晚上会如此的兴奋。
why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语
I don't know why he didn't come to the party.我不知道 为什么他没有来参加派对。
2、when
when = during/on/in/...which，置于时间名词之后
I'll never forget the day when I was born. 我永远忘不了我出生的那天。
when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语
Sorry,I was out when you called me.不好意思你给我打电话的时候我正好出去了。
When I got to the airport ,the guests had left.当我赶到机场时客人已经离开了。
3、where
where = in/at/on/...which，放于地点名词之后（where 不可省略）
This is the hotel where we stayed last summer. 这是我们去年夏天住过的酒店。
where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语
We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
4、how
与 the way 不能在一起使用，选择一个出现在句子中就可以。
How frequently does the bus stop at this station? 公交车每隔多久在这个站停一次?
How long dose it take to travel from London to Paris by train？从伦敦坐火车到巴黎需要多长时间？
发表评论