关于球类的英语单词

04

七人制橄榄球

相传，橄榄球是在1823年的一场足球比赛中被发明的，当时英国拉格比（Rugby School）学校的学生威廉·韦伯·伊丽莎白双手持球跑过了球门线。

在1845年至1848年间，拉格比学校的学生和英国剑桥大学的学生制定并记录了十五人制橄榄球的比赛规则，而七人制橄榄球则是由两位屠夫纳德·海格和大卫·桑德森于1883年在苏格兰梅尔罗斯的一场筹款活动中发明出来的。

Legend has it that rugby union was invented during a football match in 1823 when a student at Rugby School in Great Britain called William Webb Elis picked up the ball in his hands and ran over the goal line.

Between 1845 and 1848, pupils from the Rugby School and students from the University of Cambridge in Great Britain documented and codified the rules of 15-a-side rugby union, while rugby sevens was conceived in 1883 by two butchers, Ned Haig and David Sanderson, as a fund-raising event in Melrose, Scotland.

05

手球

手球是一项快节奏的室内运动项目，比赛中使用对球门和足球比赛球门相似。比赛交锋双方的目标是将球扔进对方的球门。

Handball is a fast-paced indoor game where opposing teams try to score by throwing a ball into a football-style goal with posts and a crossbar.

球门 goal

球网 net

内挂网 inner net

隔网 separation net

中场体息 half-time break

净胜球 goal difference

06

藤球

藤球产生于马来地区，是新加坡、马来西亚、印度尼西亚等国家的传统体育项目，在东南亚地区广泛流行。藤球是一项运用脚腕、膝关节等部位同时夹、顶球，不让球落地的运动，类似我国民间的踢花毽子。藤球跟排球比赛有些类似，所不同的是以脚代手，所以又叫“脚踢的排球”。

在新德里1982年第9届亚运会，藤球作为表演项目亮相，在北京1990年第11届亚运会上，藤球成为正式比赛项目。

Sepaktakraw originated in the Malay region, is a traditional sport in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and other countries, widely popular in Southeast Asia. It is a sport that uses ankle, knee and other parts to hold and head the ball at the same time, without letting the ball fall to the ground. It is similar to Chinese folk shuttlecock kicking. Sepaktakraw is similar to the volleyball game, but the difference is that players need to use their feet instead of their hands, so it is also called "kicking volleyball".

In the 9th Asian Games in New Delhi in 1982, Sepaktakraw appeared as a performance event, and in the 11th Asian Games in Beijing in 1990, Sepaktakraw became an official event.

替补 reserve

主动认输 walkover

07

板球

板球是一项由投球、击球和接球等技术组成的，以投球、击球对抗为主要形式的同场竞技的集体项目。现代板球起源于中世纪的英格兰，至今仍在英联邦地区盛行不衰，巴基斯坦、印度等国甚至把板球看作“国球”。板球运动强调“绅士风度”，尊重体育精神。在广州2010年第16届亚运会上，板球成为正式比赛项目。

Cricket is a team sport which is composed of bowling, batting and catching, and takes bowling and batting as the main form. Modern cricket originated in England in the Middle Ages, and is still popular in the Commonwealth, Pakistan, India and other countries even regard cricket as the "national game". Cricket emphasizes "chivalry" and respect for sportsmanship.At the 16th Asian Games in Guangzhou in 2010, cricket became an official competition.

防守区 fielding area

练习区 practice area

半场休息 innings break

缓冲时间 extra time

20回合制 20 overs a side

外场防守 fielding restriction

自由击 free hit

无效球 no ball

08

曲棍球

曲棍球比赛在人造草坪打造的球场上进行。比赛双方各有11名球员（10名内场球员和1名守门员）在场上，比赛的目的是将球用球棒打入对方的球门，比赛时间里得分多的一方赢的比赛胜利。曲棍球比赛中，球员使用带有圆形末端的球棒来击打一个比网球略大的硬球。

Hockey takes place on an artificial-grass pitch where two teams of 11 – 10 infield players and one goalkeeper – compete against each other to score the most goals in the opposing side's net. Players use a stick with a rounded end to hit a hard ball, slightly larger than a tennis ball.

09

高尔夫

高尔夫是一项运动员通过挥动球杆将球打进指定球洞的运动项目，击球的杆数越少越好。高尔夫球的基本规则是球员在球所在的位置挥杆击球，目的是将球打进远端设立的球洞。

Golf is a sport where the idea is to hit a ball with a club from the tee into the hole in as few strokes as possible. The essential rule of golf is, for each stroke, the player to play the ball as it lies, and the course as they find it. 

球杆 club

球座 tee 

球洞 hole