定语从句词语

方法技巧

定语从句是高中英语语法中的一个重要的语法项目，也是每年高考英语考查的重点和热点，主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择。对高考英语定语从句的考查热点进行盘点，希望对同学们有所帮助。

1.定语从句

定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句，这类从句除了可以做定语之外，还可以充当状语等其他成分，所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。

2.关系代词引导的定语从句

who，whom，whose引导的定语从句

1. who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。

2. whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。

that，which引导的定语从句

1. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。

2. which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。

3. 下列情况只用that不用which：

①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；

②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；

③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；

④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；

⑤先行词中既有人也有物；

⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。

关系代词的用法:

关系代词	指代	在定从中所做成分	是否可省略
that	人；物	主语；宾语	作宾语可省
which	物	主语；宾语	作宾语可省
who	人	主语；宾语	作宾语可省
whom	人	宾语	可省
whose	人；物	定语	不可省
as	人；物	主语；宾语；表语	不可省

3.关系副词引导的定语从句

常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)

1. 在口语和非正式场合,  when,  where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词＋which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。

2. 当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。

3.why或that引导定语从句,  先行词是reason,  且reason又作主句主语时,  表语从句不能用because引导,  而要用that引导。其句型为：The reason why...is that...或The reason that...is that...。

4.“当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。

4.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句常见的几种结构：

（1）介词＋关系代词

（2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词

（3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词

（4）介词＋关系代词＋名词

＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用

1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。

2. 表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等。代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。

3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。

of whom, of which与whose的用法解析。

1. whose用法

①whose引导定语从句,  后应紧跟名词,  构成名词短语。

②whose引导定语从句时,  先行词既可指人,  也可指物。

③whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语, 可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间。

在whose引导的定语从句中, 可用of which代替whose, 但词序不同, 即“whose＋名词＝the＋名词  of＋which”；而用of whom代替时只能指人, 有时可以与whose互换。2. 下列情况只用of which或of whom,  而不用whose引导定语从句。

定语从句的主语是some,  many,  few,  little,  much,  most等词时,  用of which/whom,  不用 whose。

关系副词的用法:

关系副词	指代	在定从中所做成分	是否可省略
when	时间	状语	否
where	地点	状语	否
why	原因	状语	否

 跟踪训练

一、单项选择

1．He didn’t make any comments on the reason ________he couldn’t carry on the conversation.

A．that B．which C．why D．Where

2．He told me many interesting places ________ he had visited.

A．which B．who C．when D．where

3．The car ________ my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.

A．who B．what C．whose D．which

4．He talked happily about the men and books ________ interested him greatly in the school.

A．that B．when C．who D．Which

5．Do you know the reason ________ she got so angry yesterday ?

A．why B．which C．for that D．for why

6．I still remember the day ________ she first wore that pink dress.

A．on which B．on that C．in which D．which

7．Is there anything ________ to you?

A．that belong B．which belongs C．that belongs D．that is belonged

8．The knife ________ we used to cut the bread is very sharp.

A．which B．with C．with it D．with which

9．— Where did you pick up this wallet?

— It was in the supermarket ________ I did some shopping yesterday.

A．that B．where C．which D．as

10．This is the school _______ he once studied and it is one of the best schools _______ I have ever visited.

A．where, that B．where, which

C．that, where D．which, that

11．Seldom are the superstitious practices recorded ______ present practical theories ______ modern psychology relates.

A．which, to which B．that, which C．what, to which D．/,/

12．The school ________ we'll visit next week is not far from here.

A．where B．to which C．which D．in which

13．This is the boy without________ help I couldn’t have passed that difficult exam.

A．who B．whom C．whose D．that

14．It’s such a good place ________ everybody wants to visit ________ it is well known all over the world .

A．which , that B．as , as C．as, that D．that , which

15．The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

A．when B．how C．that D．those

16．I headed for the barber’s ________ I was allowed to photograph the master at work.

A．when B．where C．who D．which

17．The CCTV Spring Festival Gala is a big stage ________ many new actors or actresses are to become famous.

A．where B．when C．that D．which

18．Miss Li found herself in an embarrassing position ________ she didn't know which side she should support.

A．where B．that C．which D．when

19．If you come across a word ________meaning you have forgotten，please look it up in a dictionary.

A．in which B．which C．whose D．that

20．—You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.

— ________ you ever want to do is going shopping.

A．Anything B．Something C．All D．That

21．In the spring, a season ________ we are 1earning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.

A．when B．where C．what D．which

22．The pen ________he wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.

A．with which B．on which C．for which D．in which

23．The first thing ________my brother is going to do this afternoon is to study physics.

A．which B．what C．that D．in which

24．When he goes to his hometown ,he always wants to visit the place________he grew up.

A．which B．that C．where D．on which

25．She lived in the house________she used to visit.

A．which B．whom C．who D．what

26．You should make it a rule to leave things in the places ________ you can find them again.

A．when B．where C．then D．which

27．Learning is a process ______ we adapt ourselves to our surroundings.

A．when B．how C．that D．where

28．After a while, she apologized for the way ______ she behaved at the beginning.

A．that B．where C．which D．on which

29．It was in the 1980s, _____ he was already in his fifties, ____ his career as a poet began to take off.

A．when; when B．that; that C．that; when D．when; that

30．Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food ________ is provided by Mon with appreciation.

A．what B．that C．which D．whose

二、用单词的适当形式完成句子

31．The reason ________ grass is green was a mystery to the little boy.

32．The reason ________ she gave for being late was ________ her car broke down on the way.

33．The reason ________ he didn't sign up for the course was ________ he had no interest in body building.

34．He refused to tell us the reason ________he gave up the full scholarship.

35．In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation had made him proud.

36．Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ price was very reasonable.

37．They told me that they would never forget the days ________ they spent with us in Panzhihua.

38．Tu Youyou talked about the life-saving drug, _______ she discovered in the 1970s.

39．He is the student ________ mother is a very famous singer.

40．This was the best model of the TV set ________ the factory produced last year.

41．He told everything ________ he had seen in the traffic accident.

42．Since he came down with a disease ________ caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.

43．While watching Titanic, most people couldn’t help crying when it came to the scene ________Jack saves the life of the girl but dies in icy water himself.

44．I bought a novel yesterday________was written by a famous writer.

45．The Internet has become the first place ________ the majority of people turn to for help.

46．The old town has narrow streets and small houses________ are built close to each other.

47．This is the reason________ he was late for school.

48．It is the first fiction film ________ I have ever seen.

49．I’m at an age ________ I don’t know what love is, but your sweet smile still touches me.

50．In today’s competitive economy ________ everyone is trying to do more with less, you’ve got to figure out a way to profit from the very beginning．

51．It is no longer the place ________it used to be.

52．A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those ________are not.

53．Working in the company is the very chance ________you can grasp during the summer holiday.

54．You’ll find taxis waiting at the station ________you can hire to reach your host family.

55．The research found that people ________keep fit are more likely to have better memories and clearer thinking.

56．I’d like to express my appreciation for the people to ________I have turned.

57．We chose to buy the house ________window faces south.

58．This idiom is often used to talk about situations __________ people fail after wasting three chances.

59．The reason ________ such funny mistakes occurred is due to a blind trust in online automatic translation services.

60．Do you know the lady ________ our English teacher is talking with under the big tree?

61．Is this the teacher ________ rescued several students from the burning building?

62．The dishes ________ I cooked were Mom’s favorites.

63．I still remember the earthquake ________ happened in 2019 in Yibin, Sichuan.

64．This is the very factory ________ they visited last summer holiday.

65．The house ________ which he paid 20, 000 yuan is now worth 30, 000 yuan.

66．The man ________ whom I received the letter was my best friend.

67．Can you tell me the reason ________ which you didn’t come to her birthday party?

68．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________ whom she could turn for help.

69．Could you introduce the company ________ you are serving in English?

70．I like my English teacher because he can create an atmosphere ________ all the students feel respected.

71．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were influenced.

72．You should find someone ________ is more experienced to help you.

73．In the end, they reached an agreement ____________which the couple argued for a long time.

74．The Second World War during _________ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.

75．He has reached the point _________ he can solve almost every software problem.

76．It’s on the festival occasions _________ the family get together that he misses his late father.

77．The reason _________ he is late is that there was a breakdown on the railway.

78．Finally he reached an abandoned island_________was completely cut off from the outside world.

79．English is a fixed-word-order language __________ each phrase has a fixed position.

80．The centre also runs two life drawing (写生) classes ________ which there is a small fee.

81．This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) ________ which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.

82．It has been found that across all ages one in 10 people in the UK often feel lonely, a state ________ can impact upon one’s physical health.

83．Obesity is a condition in ________ the body stores large, unhealthy amounts off at.

84．There was a time ________ we lived a peaceful life.

85．This is the basis ________ our bilateral relations should continue to develop.

86．There is a sense ____________ which we are all to blame for the tragedy.

87．The way ________ was thought of by him of doing the experiment was similar to the way ________ you carried it out.

88．Workers built shelters for survivors ________ homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.

89．You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.

90．The prize was awarded to those ________ have made great contributions to scientific development.

三、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A girl who has a gift for drawing

I went to an exhibition last month, 91． I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 92．drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 93．is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 94． the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 95．was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 96．was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 97．was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 98． I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 99．I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 100．has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you.