九年级（上）全册课文翻译
Unit 1 The changing world变化中的世界
1
Topic 1 Our country has developed rapidly我国发展迅速
Section A
1a：（After a long holiday, Kangkang is happy to see his friends.）
（长假过后，康康很高兴会见到他的朋友们。）
Hi, Jane! Did you have a good summer holiday?你好，简，你暑假过得愉快吗？
Yes. What about you?是的，你呢？
Not bad. Rita, you have just come back from your hometown. How was your trip?不错。丽塔，你刚从家乡回来，你的旅行怎么样？
Great! I went to many places near my home in India. Great changes have taken place there and my hometown has become more and more beautiful. Where have you been, Jane? 好极了！在印度，我去了我家附近的很多地方。那里发生了很大的变化，而且我的家乡变得越来越美丽了。简，你去哪里了？
I have been to Mount Huang with my parents. It's a beautiful place. But there were so many people that I couldn't find a good place to take photos. And where have you been, Kangkang ? 我和我的父母去过黄山，那是一个美丽的地方。但是那里人太多了，我都找不到一个好的地方拍照。康康，那你去哪里了？
I have been to an English summer school to improve my English. By the way, where's Maria? 为了提高我的英语水平，我去了一所英语暑期学校。顺便问一下，玛丽亚在哪里？
She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer and she will be back tomorrow. Listen! There goes the bell.她去古巴当志愿者去了，明天将会回来。听！上课铃声响了。
Section B
1a：Hi, Maria! I haven’t seen you for a long time. You took part in some volunteer activities during summer holidays, didn't you? 你好，玛丽亚！好久没见到你了。你在暑假期间参加了一些志愿者活动，是不是？
Yes. I was a volunteer in a disabled children’s home. 是的。我在一所残疾儿童养育院做志愿者。
Cool! Did you clean rooms for the disabled children? 真棒！你给那些残疾儿童打扫房间了吗？
Yes, I did. 是的，打扫了。
Did you feed them? 你给他们喂饭了吗？
No, I didn't. But I cooked for them.不，没有。但我为他们做了饭。
What a wonderful experience! 多精彩的一次经历啊!
Yes, it really was. I've learnt a lot from it. I think it makes me happy to help others. 是的，确实是这样。我从中学会了很多东西。我认为帮助别人使我很开心。
How interesting! Have you been to any other place? 多么有趣啊！你去过其他地方吗？
No, I haven’t. Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy. What about you? 不，没有。尽管我没有时间去旅行，但是我仍然感到很开心。你呢？
You’re so kind. I have been to an English summer school. I made some new friends there. We also put on funny shows for a group of old people in a community. 你太好了。我去了一个英语暑期学校。我在那里交了一些新朋友。我们还在一个社区给一群老年人表演了有趣的节目。
Great! To help others makes us happy.太棒了！帮助别人使我们开心。
Section C
Changes in Beijing
I'm Kangkang. For this report I have interviewed my grand-mother. She has lived in Beijing for more than forty years. She has seen the changes in Beijing herself.
In the 1960s, the living conditions in the city were poor. The roads were narrow and there weren't many ring roads. Big families were crowded into small houses. Many families couldn't get enough food. Few children had the chance to receive a good education. People had little money to see a doctor. And there were few hospitals. People kept in touch with their friends and relatives far away mainly by letter or telegram.
China has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up. More and more ring roads and subways have appeared and buildings in Beijing are becoming taller and brighter. People's living conditions have improved a lot. And there are more kinds of food and clothes to choose to satisfy people’s needs. Children can study not only in modern schools but also on the Internet. People can enjoy good medical care. What's more, communications are becoming easier and quicker--people can use telephones, cellphones, fax machines and the internet.
Beijing has made rapid progress and it has already succeeded in hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. I think it is important to remember the past, live in the present and dream about the future.
我是康康。为了这份报告，我采访过我的奶奶。她已经在北京居住四十多年了。她亲自眼目睹了北京的变化。
在20世纪60年代，城市的生活条件较差。道路狭窄并且没有很多的环形公路。一个大家庭挤在一间小房子里。许多家庭得不到足够的食物，极少的孩子有机会接受良好的教育。人们几乎没有钱去看医生，而且医院很少。人们主要靠信件或电报与远方的亲友保持联系。
自从改革开放以来，中国发展迅速。出现了越来越多的环形路，并且北京的楼房变得又高又明亮。人们的生活条件有了很大改善了。可供人们挑选的食品和衣物的种类也越来越多。
孩子们不仅能在现代化的学校里学习，而且还能在网上学习。人们可以享受更好的医疗保健。另外，通讯更加方便快捷---人们可以用电话、手机、传真机和网络方式（联系）。
北京取得了快速的进步，它还成功举办了2008年的奥运会。我认为记住过去、立足现在、展望未来非常重要。
Section D
Present Perfect (1) 现在完成时(1)
1.I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.我和我的父母去过黄山.
2.She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer.她去古巴当志愿者去，明天将会回来。
3. China has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up. 自从改革开放以来，中国发展迅速。
4. It has already succeeded in hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. 它已经成功地举办了2008年的奥运会。
5. Great changes have taken place…那里发生了很大变化。
6.I haven’t seen you for a long time.我很久没见到你了。
7. Have you been to any other place? 你曾经去过其他的地方吗？Yes, I have./No, I haven’t 是的，去过。/不，没有。
Functions功能
1.Listen! There goes the bell.听！上课铃声响了。
2. What a wonderful experience! 多精彩的一次经历啊!
3. Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy. 尽管我没有时间去旅行，我仍然感到很高兴。
4. To help others makes us happy. 帮助别人使我们很快乐。
5. I think it is important to remember the past, live in the present and dream about the future. 我认为记住过去、立足现在、展望未来非常重要。
Unit1
2
Topic 2The population in developing countries is growing faster.
发展中国家的人口增长更快。
Section A
1a：Hello, Michael. I have just called you, but you weren’t in. where have you been?你好，迈克尔。我刚刚给你打了电话，但你不在，你去哪里了？
I have just been to a shopping center with Kangkang. I’ve never been there before, but I don’t want to go there any more.刚才我和康康去购物中心了，我以前从未去过那儿，但我再也不想去那儿了。
Why?为什么呢？
Because there were too many people. We got lost and couldn’t find each other. 因为那儿人太多。我们走散了，找不到对方。
Bad luck! Have you found him yet? 真倒霉！你已经找到他了吗？
No, he has probably gone home. Let’s call him up now. I really hate going to a place like that. 没有，他可能已经回家了，我们现在给他打个电话吧。我真的讨厌去那样的地方。
So do I. 我也一样。
Section B
(Kangkang is reading a report on population in the newspaper.)
（康康正在看报纸上一篇关于人口报道。）
Wow! What a large population! 哇！多么庞大的人口啊！
What? 什么？
Look, it says the world has a population of 6.8 billion. And it is increasing by 80 million every year.看！报纸上说世界人口已经达到68亿了，并且正以每年8000万的速度增长。
Mmm, that's really a lot. Which country has the largest population?嗯，真的太多了。哪个国家人口最多呀？
China has the largest population. It has already reached 1.3 billion, and India is second with 1.1 billion.中国人口最多，已经达到了13亿，印度第二，有11亿。
What's the population of the USA?美国有多少人口？
309 million.美国有3.09亿。
Oh, I see. It shows that the population in developing countries is larger than that in developed countries, doesn't it? 噢，我明白了。它表明发展中国家人口比发达国家人口多，不是吗？
Yes. What's more, the population in developing countries is growing faster.是的。并且，发展中国家人口增长更快！
So it is. The population problem is more serious in developing countries.是这样。人口问题在发展中国家更严峻。
Luckily, China has already carried out the one-child policy to control the population.幸运的是，中国已经实行了独生子女政策来控制人口增长。
Section C
In 2010, the world's population was about 6.8 billion. More than three billion people live in Asia now. That's almost half of the world's population.
China has the largest population in the world, and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China. Because of the large population, there is less living space for each family. And it is difficult for lots of people to find jobs. At the same time, the large population has caused many other difficulties for the whole nation. For example, it is hard for China to supply energy and the traffic is much heavier. Natural environment are becoming worse and worse. The large population has been a serious problem.
So far, our government has taken many measures to control the population. One is known as the one-child policy. It has worked will in controlling China's population. Thanks to the policy, China is developing quickly and people's living conditions are improving rapidly. However, the population problem is still serious in China. We still have a long way to go.
2010年，世界人口大约是68亿。现在30多亿人居住在亚洲。这几乎是世界人口的一半。
中国是世界上人口最多的国家，世界上大约五分之一的人居住在中国。由于人口多，每个家庭的居住面积更小了。并且许多人找工作都很困难。.同时，人口多也给整个国家带来了许多其他的困难。例如，中国很难提供足够的能源和水来满足人们的日常需求。大多数城市比以前更拥挤，交通堵塞更严重。自然环境越来越糟糕。人口过多已经成为一个严峻的问题。
到目前为止，我们政府已经采取许多措施来控制人口增长。其中一项众所周知的就是独生子女政策。它在控制中国人口数量方面有了显著的成效。多亏了这项政策，中国正在迅速发展，人们的生活条件也在迅速改善。然而，人口问题在中国仍然很严峻，我们仍然有很长的路要走。
Section D
Present Perfect (Ⅱ) 现在完成时(Ⅱ)
1.I have just called you.我刚刚给你打过电话。
2.I’ve never been there before.我以前从未去过那里。
3.China has already carried out the one-child policy to control the population. 中国已经实施了独生子女政策来控制人口增长。
4. Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？
Functions功能
1. I really hate going to a place like that.我真的讨厌去那样的地方。
2. So do I. 我也一样。
3. It shows that the population in developing countries is larger than that in developed countries, doesn't it?它表明发展中国家人口比发达国家人口多，不是吗？
4. China has the largest population in the world, and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China. 中国是世界上人口最多的国家，世界上大约五分之一的人居住在中国。
5. Thanks to the policy, China is developing quickly and people's living conditions are improving rapidly. 多亏了这项政策，中国正在迅速发展，人们的生活条件也在迅速改善。
Unit1
3
Topic 3The world has changed for the better
世界变得更加美好了
Section A
1a：(Helen and Bob are talking on the phone)（海伦和鲍勃正在打电话。）
You have been in new York for a long time. How do you like living there?你在纽约很时间了。你觉得住在那儿怎么样？
It’s great. I really love it. 好极了，我真的很喜欢。
But I heard that the local traffic was terrible and almost everyone drove too fast.但我听说当地的交通很糟糕，而且几乎每个人都开车太快。
Oh, you will get used to it very soon if you come. 噢，如果你来，你很快就会习惯的。
I also heard the streets were dirty. 我还听说街道很脏。
They used to be, but the city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago. 过去是这样，但自从几年前我来到这儿之后，城市（面貌）已经改善了很多。
Isn’t it dangerous to live there? 难道住在那儿不危险吗？
Well, it was in the past, but it’s quite safe now. As a matter of fact, it’s a wonderful place to live. Near our block, there are beautiful parks, good schools, famous museums and excellent restaurants. And you can go to plays, concerts and operas every day if you like. You must come for a visit. Then you can see new York yourself. 噢，过去很危险，但现在很安全。事实上那是一个极好的居住地。在我们街区附近有美丽的公园，好的学校，著名的博物馆和豪华的饭店。如果你喜欢，你可以每天去看戏剧、欣赏音乐会和歌剧。你一定要来纽约参观，那样你可以亲自看一看纽约。
Section B
1a：What are you reading, Jane? 简，你在看什么?
I’m reading a newspaper from Canada. Martin showed me an interesting article. It is about a program that helps homeless people.我在看一份加拿大的报纸，马丁介绍了一篇很有趣的文章。它是关于救助无家可归的人的一个计划。
Are there homeless people in Canada? 加拿大有无家可归的人吗？
Oh, yes. Many countries have homeless people. The article says one city has a wonderful program. Since it started, it has helped hundreds of people return to work and live a normal life.噢，有。许多国家都有无家可归的人。这篇文章中写道有个城市有一个极好的计划。自从计划实施以来，已经帮助数以百计的人重返工作岗位，从而使他们过上正常的生活。
That sounds great! How do they manage it? 听起来好极了！他们是如何做的？
Well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to offer them help. 噢，他们一旦发现处在困境中的人，就选定适当的方式来给他们提供帮助。
Can the homeless people get enough food, homes and medical treatment? 无家可归的人能够获得充足的食物、住所和医疗吗？
Yes. And it’s not only that. The program also provides them with job training so that they can find jobs again. 是的，还不知这些。这个还向他们提供职业培训，以便他们能再次找到工作。
I think it is important for these people to feel good about themselves.我认为对于这些人来说自信心是很重要的。
You are right. The world has changed for the better. 你说对了。世界已经变得更加美好了。
Section C
One of the most basic human needs is a home. A home is a safe place. While most people around the world value their homes, there are many people in every country who are homeless.
Some people are homeless for a short period of time because they are moving from one place to another, and other people are not able to find a home. They must live on the streets or in a shelter.
There are many causes of homelessness. Sometimes people can not keep a home because they do not earn enough money, or because they do not have a job. Sometimes people are homeless because they have a problem with drugs or because they have a mental illness. No one is ever homeless on purpose.
Whatever the cause of homelessness is, the effects are the same. Homeless people must work very hard to live. They can not raise their children. Sometimes they must steal food just to eat. The government in every country has worked for many years to support the homeless but more needs to be done. We must think of the homeless as people, not just as problems.
人类最基本的需求之一是家。家是一个安全的地方。尽管世界上大多数人都珍视他们的家，但是每个国家却总有很多无家可归的人。
有些人只是短时间的无家可归，因为他们从一个地方搬到另一个地方，而其他的人没有能力找到家。他们必须住在街上或收容所。
有许多原因造成无家可归。有时不能养家是因为他们没有挣到足够的钱，或者因为他们没有工作。有时人们无家可归是因为他们存在毒品问题或是精神疾病。在任何时候都没有人想故意无家可归。
不管是什么原因造成了无家可归，其结果总是相同的。无家可归的人必须努力地维持生计。他们养不起孩子，有时他们必须偷东西吃。多年以来，每个国家的政府都在设法援助这些无家可归的人，但需要做的还很多。我们必须关心无家可归的人，而不是仅仅把无家可归视为（社会）问题。
Section D
Present Perfect (Ⅲ) 现在完成时(Ⅲ)
1. You have been in new York for a long time. 你在纽约很时间了。
2.The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago. 自从几年前我来到这儿之后，城市（面貌）已经改善了很多。
3. Since it started, it has helped hundreds of people return to work and live a normal life. 自从计划实施以来，已经帮助数以百计的人重返工作岗位，从而使他们过上正常的生活。
Functions功能
1.Oh, you will get used to it very soon if you come. 噢，如果你来，你很快就会习惯的。
2. As a matter of fact, it’s a wonderful place to live. 事实上那是一个极好的居住地。
3. You must come for a visit. 你一定要来参观.
4. Well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to offer them help. 噢，他们一旦发现处在困境中的人，就选定适当的方式来给他们提供帮助。
5. The program also provides them with job training so that they can find jobs again. 这个还向他们提供职业培训，以便他们能再次找到工作。
Project Hope
Project Hope is an education program to help students. It builds schools in the poorest parts of China and it helps poor families afford an education for their children.
Since Project Hope started in 1989, It has done very well. By 2012, Project Hope had raised 8.73 billion yuan. With this money, it has aided 4.5 million children to go to schools and it has built 18 002 Hope Primary Schools.
Project Hope has made important contributions to both the education and the health of children. For more than 20 years, Project Hope has encourage the moral development and modern thinking of students. As a result, the students in Hope schools respect their teachers, aid the poor, and help one another. Project Hope is the best-known and most successful education program in China. Without Project Hope, there is a risk that many children would have an unhappy future.
希望工程是一项帮助学生的教育事业。它在中国最贫困的地区建立学校，并且帮助贫困家庭担负孩子的教育费用。
希望工程自从1989年创办以来，成绩显著。到2012年，希望工程筹集的资金已有87.3亿元。希望工程用这些钱资助了450万名儿童上学，建立了18002所希望小学。
希望工程对儿童的教育和健康都作出了重大贡献。二十多年来，希望工程促进了学生的德育发展和现代意识。因此，希望工程的学生尊重老师，救助穷人，互相帮助。在中国，希望工程是最出名、最成功的教育事业。要是没有希望工程，很多儿童就可能不会有幸福的未来。
Unit 2 Saving the Earth拯救地球
4
Topic 1 Pollution has caused too many problems.
污染引起了太多的问题。
Section A
1a:(Kangkang, Jane, Maria and Michael are planning a picnic for Sunday.)（康康、简、玛丽亚和迈克尔正在为周日计划一次野炊。）
Kangkang, where shall we go ? 康康，我们要去哪儿？
What about the West Hill? I went there two years ago. It was a beautiful place. There were lots of flowers and grass. The air was fresh and the water was clean, and you could see bees and butterflies dancing. 去西山怎么样？我两年前去过那儿。那是是一个漂亮的地方，有许多花草。那里空气新鲜，流水清澈，而且你还能看到蜜蜂和蝴蝶在飞舞。
Sounds great! Let's go there.听起来不错！我们去那儿吧！
(On Sunday, they come to the West Hill.)（星期天，他们来到了西山。）
Oh, What a mess! The flowers and grass have gone! The water is so dirty. It smells terrible. What has happened here? 噢，多么脏乱啊！花和草都没了，水太脏了，难闻极了。这儿发生了什么事？
What a shame! Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. 多么遗憾啊！看，有几座化工厂正往小溪里排放废水。
Everything has changed. 一切都变样了。
Do you still want to have a picnic here?你们还想在这儿野炊吗？
Of course not.当然不。
Section B
1a：(Mrs. Zhou is coughing. She looks weak.)（周太太正在咳嗽，她看起来很虚弱。）
Good morning, Mrs. Zhou. What's wrong with you?早上好，周太太。您怎么了？
Oh, Kangkang. It's difficult for me to breathe. I’ve got a pain my throat. 哦，康康。我呼吸困难。我的喉咙痛。
How long have you been like this? 您像这样多长时间了？
I've been like this since last week. 自从上个星期以来我就一直这样。
Have you seen a doctor? 您看过医生了吗？
Not yet. The chemical factory produces terrible gas. The bad air makes my chest hurt. What's worse, the factory makes too much noise and I can't sleep well at night. 还没有。化工厂难闻的气体。糟糕的空气使我觉得胸疼。更糟糕的是，化工厂制造了太多噪音，我晚上也睡不好觉。
That's too bad.那太糟糕了。
Yes, it is really awful. I'm always in a bad mood because I can't bear the environment here. Anyway, I hope the government will solve this problem soon. By the way, have you noticed the dead fish in the river? 是的，真的太可怕了。我总是心情很差，因为我不能忍受这里的环境了。无论如何，我希望政府能快点儿解决这个问题。顺便问一下，你注意到河里的死鱼了吗？
Oh, yes. Pollution caused too many problems. I think I should write to the newspaper about these problems. But now you'd better go to see a doctor. 噢，是的，污染引发太多问题了。我想我应该把这些问题写信反映给报社，但现在你最好去看医生。
Section C
In today’s world, almost everyone knows air pollution is harmful to people’s health. However, not all people know noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans’ health.
People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf. For example, many of the workers who print newspapers and books lose their hearing. Quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss. Recently, it is reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do, because these young people always listen to loud pop music.
Making a loud noise in public is also a kind of pollution. It not only disturbs others but also does great harm to people’s hearing. Cars and machines also produce too much noise. Such pollution makes people feel uncomfortable and unpleasant, and it can even cause them to become sick or deaf. Nowadays, many countries are trying to solve all sorts of environmental problems, including noise pollution.
在当今世界，几乎每个人都知道，空气污染对人们的健康有害。然而，并不是所有的人都知道噪声也是一种污染并且对人类的健康一样有害。
在噪音条件下工作和生活的人经常变聋。例如，印刷报纸和书的工人多数失去听力。很多生活在机场附近的人也丧失了听力。近来，有报道说，美国许多青少年的听力几乎和65岁的老人一样差，因为这些年轻人总喜欢听劲爆的流行音乐。
在公共场制造太大的噪音也是一种污染。它不仅打扰了别人，而且严重损害听力。汽车和机器也会产生很多噪音，这样污染使人们感到不舒服，不愉快，甚至可能使他们生病或变聋。现在，许多国家正在努力解决各种环境问题，包括噪音污染。
Section D
Simple Past & Present Perfect一般过去时和现在完成时
1. I went there two years ago.我两年前去过那儿。
2. There were lots of flowers and grass.那儿有许多花草。
3.What has happened here? 那里发生了什么？
4.I have been like this since last week. 我自从上个星期以来就一直这样。
5.The flowers and grass have gone! 花和草都没了。
Functions功能
1.Oh, What a mess!噢，多么脏乱啊！
2. There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream.有几家化工厂正往小溪里排放废水。
3. What's worse, the factory makes too much noise and I can't sleep well at night.更糟糕的是，化工厂制造了太多噪音，我晚上也睡不好觉。
4. Noise is harmful to humans’ health.噪音对人们的健康有害。
5. People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf. 在噪音条件下，工作和生活的人经常变聋。
6. …many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do,… …美国许多青少年的听力几乎和65岁的老人一样差,…
7. …does great harm to people’s hearing. …严重损害人们的听力。
Unit2
5
Topic 2 All these problems are very serious.
所有这些问题都非常严重
Section A
(Kangkang, Maria and Jane are talking in a room. The wind outside is blowing strongly.)(康康、玛利亚和简正在房间里谈话，,外面的风刮得很厉害。)
What bad weather! The wind is so strong! And the sand really hurt my face. while I was walking down the street just now, I couldn't see anything.
多么糟糕的天气!风太大了！沙子的确刮得脸很疼。刚才在街上走时，我什么也看不见。
I'm sorry to hear that. But what causes these sandstorms? 对此我很难过。但是是什么引起这些沙尘暴的呢?
People have cut down too many trees. As a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert.
人们乱砍滥伐。结果，大量肥沃的土地变成了荒漠。
That's bad. How can that affect the weather? 那太糟糕了,但是那怎么影响天气呢?
Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 树木可以防风固土。
And a lot of water can be saved by forests. 并且森林可以贮存大量的水分。
They can also stop the water from washing the earth away. 树木也能防止水土流失。
Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants. Although we have built "the Green Great Wall", we still need to do something to protect the environment.
砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。尽管我们已经建起了“绿色长城”,我们仍需要采取措施保护环境。
Section B
Kangkang, read this article. 康康，读这篇文章。
What’s it about? 关于什么的？
It’s about air pollution in China. It says that China has become the world’s largest producer and user of coal. As a result, air pollution has become a serious problem.
关于中国的空气污染问题。它提到中国已成为世界上最大的煤炭生产国和消费国。结果，空气污染成已成为一个严重的问题。
Yeah. But the government is doing something useful to protect the environment.
是的，但是政府为了保护环境正在采取有效的措施。
That’s great. None of us likes pollution. 那样很好。没有人喜欢污染。
Yes, We shouldn’t leave rubbish here and there. Don’t spit anywhere in public. Don’t walk on grass or pick flowers. Everyone should care for wild animals and plant more trees.
我们不应该到处丢弃垃圾。不要在公共场合随地吐痰。不要践踏草坪或采摘花朵。每个人都应当保护野生动物并且多种一些树木。
That’s right. We should do everything we can to protect the environment. 对。我们应尽一切努力保护环境。
Section C
The earth is 4.6 billion years old. We humans have lived on the earth for only 35 000 years, but during this period, we have changed our planet a lot in many ways. Some things we have done are very good for the earth while others are bad.
All over the world, people have cut down millions of trees. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away. Forests have become deserts, so many kinds of animals and plants are disappearing.
In big cities, cars and buses have polluted the air. Now many people in cities have health problems.
Factories have also polluted the land and the water. As a result, many rivers and lakes are now dead.
Around the earth, there’s a special kind of oxygen called “ozone”(O3). It is important to the earth. But now air pollution is destroying it and making a very big hole in the ozone layer. Too much harmful radiation from the sun passes through the hole and reaches the earth directly. This is very dangerous because this kind of radiation can cause cancer.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air has increased a lot. It mainly comes from burning oil, coal and wood. This has formed a “blanket” around the earth. The heat from the sun can’t escape so the temperature is rising. This is called “the greenhouse effect”. It causes the level of the oceans to rise and the climate of the earth to change.
All these problems are very serious, so we must do something now.
地球已有46亿年了。我们人类生活在地球上只有三万五千年，但是在此期间我们在许多方面改变了我们的星球。我们所做的一些事情对地球有益，然而其他一些对地球却有负面影响。
全世界的人们已经砍掉了数百万的树木。下雨或吹风时，土壤被带走，森林变成了荒漠，因此许多种类的动植物正在灭绝。
在大城市，小车和公交车污染了空气，现在城市里许多人都有健康问题。
工厂也污染了土地和水。结果，现在许多河流和湖泊失去了生机。
地球周围有一种特殊的氧气叫做“臭氧” (O3)，它对地球很重要。但现在空气污染正在破坏它，而且使臭氧层出现了一个非常大的洞。大量来自太阳的有害射线穿过这个洞直接进入地球大气层。这是非常危险的，因为这种射线能导致癌症。
空气中的二氧化碳(CO2)大量增多。二氧化碳主要来自燃烧的油、煤和木柴。它在地球周围形成毯子式的覆盖层。来自太阳的热量不能散发，所以气温度升高。这就是所谓的“温室效应”。它会引起海平面升高而且地球上的气候也会有变化。
所有这些问题都非常严重，所以我们现在必须做些事情（来保护我们的家园）。
Section D
Indefinite Pronoun and Adverb不定代词和副词
1. None of us likes pollution.没有人喜欢污染。
2. Don’t spit anywhere in public. 不要在公共场合随地吐痰。
3. Everyone should care for wild animals and plant more trees. 每个人都应当保护野生动物并且多种一些树木。
4. We should do everything we can to protect the environment. 我们应尽一切努力保护环境。
Functions功能
1.As a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert.结果，大量肥沃的土地变成了荒漠。
2.Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 树木可以防风固土。
3.We shouldn’t leave rubbish here and there.我们不应该到处丢弃垃圾。
4.All these problems are very serious, so we must do something now.
所有这些问题都非常严重，所以我们现在必须有所行动。
Unit2
6
Topic 3 What can we do at home to protect the environment?
我们在家能做什么保护环境？
Section A
(A journalist is interviewing Jane about environmental protection.)
（一名记者正在就有关环境保护的问题采访简。）
Hi, Jane. Could I ask you a few questions? 你好，简。我可以问你一些问题吗？
Certainly. 当然可以。
We all know that you’re working for an organization that protects the environment. Can you tell us what you are doing there?我们都知道你在为一个环境保护组织工作。你能告诉我们你在那儿做什么工作吗？
Well, my main job is to help spread the message about protecting the environment. For example, the three R’s---reduce, reuse and recycle---are important. 嗯，我的主要工作是帮助宣传有关环保方面的信息。例如，宣传“3R”——减少使用，再次使用和回收再利用，这些都很重要。
So what can we do at home to protect the environment? 就保护环境而言，我们在家能做些什么呢？
We should reduce the waste we produce. For example, we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags. 我们应该减少人为的浪费。比如，我们应该双面使用纸张，重复使用塑料袋。
What can students do at school?学生在学校里能做些什么？
Recycling can protect the environment, and it can save money, too. So we encourage students to collect waste paper and soft drink cans. Then we sort them so that they can be recycled. 回收再利用能保护环境而且能节约资金。所以我们鼓励学生去收集废纸、饮料瓶等并把它们分类存放，以便回收利用。
Wonderful ideas! Thank you!多么好的想法啊！谢谢！
It’s a pleasure. 不用谢。
Section B
Hi, Michael. Would you like to be a greener person? 嘿，迈克尔。你想成为一名环保使者吗？
Of course, I’d love to. But what should I do?当然，我很乐意。但是我应该怎么做呢？
First, you ought to shut off the electricity when you leave a room. 首先，你离开房间的时候，应该随手关灯。
Oh, that’s easy. What’s next? 哦，那很容易。下一步怎么做呢？
Second, you’d better walk or ride a bike instead of taking a bus or a taxi if you travel a short distance. 第二，如果你短途旅行，最好步行或骑车而不是乘公共汽车或出租车。
That’s right. It will save energy and reduce air pollution.对，那样会节约能源并减少空气污染。
Third, take a cloth bag when you go shopping. Don’t use plastic bags.第三，你去买东西的时候带上一个布袋。不要使用塑料袋。
It’s so easy to be a greener person成为一名环保使者真容易。
Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。
Well, actions speak louder than words.嗯，行动胜于雄辩。
Section C
In many countries, people produce power from coal, but it is very dirty and causes acid rain. Some countries use nuclear energy to produce power. However, nuclear power can be very dangerous. To solve the energy problem, people all over the world are looking for new ways to produce power.
China is one of the first countries in the world to use biogas technology. Farmers recycle straw, grass and animal waste to make biogas. This renewable energy is used in people’s everyday lives. Its key disadvantage is that the process requires a long time (up to 30 days) and the cost is high.
Electric vehicles were developed in the 1990s. On April 11, 2010, a new kind of vehicle named “Yezi” was shown in the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. It produces electricity from the sun, the wind and CO2. It can not only protect the environment but also save energy. It’s too small to hold many people, but larger models will be developed in the near future.
In China, the best-known maglev train is the German-built one in Shanghai. It takes people just 7 minutes to go to the airport 30 km away. The train can reach a top speed of 431 km per hour. It is quiet and quick. There is no wheel noise, because there are no wheels. Maglev trains are very energy-efficient and do not pollute the air. However, maglev guide paths are much more expensive than traditional steel railways.
在许多国家，人们用煤来生产动力，但是这种方法很脏并且会导致酸雨。一些国家使用核能源来生产动力，然而，核能却非常危险。为了解决能源问题，全世界的人们都在寻找新的方法来生产动力。
中国是世界上最早使用生物技术的国家之一。农民们回收麦杆、草和动物粪便来制作生物气，这种可再生能源被应用到人们每题的生活当中去。它的主要缺点是这个过程很长（长达30天），并且建设费用高。
电动车辆是在20世纪90年代被发明的。2010年4月11日，一种新型的电动车“叶子”在上海世博会上展出。它通过太阳、风和二氧化碳发电。它不仅环保，而且节约能源。它太小，不能承载太多的人，但是，在不久的将来，更大的车型将会被研制出来。
在中国，最有名的磁悬浮列车由德国建造，在上海投入使用的那辆。仅用7分钟这辆车就可以将人们送30千米以外的机场。这辆车最高速度可达431千米，它安静并且快速。它不会产生车轮的噪音，因为它根本没有车轮。磁悬浮列车能够有效利用能源而且不会污染空气。然而，悬浮轨道的建设费用却远远高于传统铁轨的建设费用。
Section D
Compound Sentence并列句
1.Recycling can protect the environment, and it can save money, too.回收再利用能保护环境而且能节约资金。
2.people produce power from coal, but it is very dirty and causes acid rain. 人们用煤来生产动力，但是这种方法很脏并且会导致酸雨。
Functions功能
1.Would you like to be a greener person?你想成为一名环保使者吗？
2.First, you ought to shut off the electricity when you leave a room. 首先，你离开房间的时候，应该随手关灯。
3.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。
4.Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于雄辩。
5. The train can reach a top speed of 431 km per hour. 火车最高速度可达431千米。
Unit 3
7
Topic 1
SectionA-1a
Kangkang:Hi, boys, come and have a look! I have a poster of Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck.
康康：嗨，男孩们，快过来看！我有一张米老鼠和唐老鸭的海报。
Li Xiang:Oh, it's so nice! You can stick it on the wall.
李想：哦，真好看！你可以把它贴在墙上。
Wang Junfeng:That's a good idea. Guess what! My parents and I are going to visit Disneyland near Los Angeles. I will be able to see more cartoon characters.
王俊峰：好主意。你们猜！我爸妈和我要去洛杉矶附近的迪士尼乐园玩。我会看到更多卡通人物。
Kangkang:Oh, you're so lucky! Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world. I hope I can go there one day.
康康：哦，你真幸运！全世界很多人都喜欢迪士尼乐园。我希望有一天能去那里。
Li Xiang:Me, too. Are you ready for your trip?
李想：我也是。你准备好去旅行了吗？
Wang Junfeng:Yes, of course. I can't wait to fly there!
王俊峰：嗯，当然。我迫不及待想飞到那儿去！
Kangkang:You'll have a good chance to practice English there.
康康：在那儿你有很好的机会去练习英语。
Wang Junfeng:You're right. English is spoken as the main language in America.
王俊峰：说得对。英语是美国的主要语言。
Li Xiang:Yeah. It is also widely used throughout the world now.
李想：是的。现在它也在全世界广泛使用。
Wang Junfeng:But I'm not good at English. I'm a little afraid.
王俊峰：可是我英语不好。我有点害怕。
Kangkang:Don't worry. Try your best and work much harder from now on.
康康：别担心。从现在开始全力以赴，更加努力。
Wang Junfeng:Thanks. I will.
王俊峰：谢谢。我会的。
SectionA-3
Who created Mickey Mouse?
谁发明了米老鼠？
Mickey Mouse was created by Walt Disney, a great film-maker.
米老鼠是由沃特·迪士尼，一位伟大的电影制作人发明的。
Walt Disney made a lot of cartoon film.
沃特·迪士尼制作了很多卡通电影。
He was also an artist.
他也是一名艺术家。
When he was young, Disney's family was poor.
迪士尼年幼时，家里很贫穷。
He used to sit in the family garage and draw pictures.
他曾经坐在家里的车库里画图画。
One day, a mouse came into the garage and played on the floor.
有一天，一只老鼠跑进车库里，在地上玩耍。
Disney stopped drawing and watched the mouse.
迪士尼停下来观察着老鼠。
Then he gave some bread to the mouse.
然后他给老鼠了一些面包。
Day after day, the mouse came back for more bread.
一天又一天，老鼠回来要更多面包。
In this way, the artist and the mouse became good friends.
就这样，这位艺术家和老鼠成为了好朋友。
He drew many different pictures of the mouse.
他给这只老鼠画了很多不同的图画。
At last, he was pleased with one of them.
最后，他对其中一张图画很满意。
He called the mouse drawing Mickey Mouse.
他把这幅老鼠画叫做“米老鼠”。
SectionB-1a
(Jane is talking with her father before he goes to Cuba.)
（简在她爸爸出发去古巴之前跟他聊天。）
Jane:Dad, why are you packing your bags?
简：爸爸，你为什么在打包行李呀？
Father:I'm going to Cuba on business tonight. Here you seen my passport?
父亲：我今晚要去古巴出差。你看到我的护照了吗？
Jane:It's in your night table. Dad, is English spoken as the official language in Cuba?
简：在你的床头柜上。爸爸，古巴的官方语言是英语吗？
Father:No, Spanish is spoken as the official language there.
父亲：不是，西班牙语是官方语言。
Jane:Is Spanish similar to English?
简：西班牙语跟英语很像吗？
Father:Not really. Perhaps a few words are the same.
父亲：不太像。可能有些单词是一样的。
Jane:Oh, I see. Is it possible for you to have trouble communicating?
简：哦，我知道了。你的交流会有问题吗？
Father:Yes. I don't think I will have any long conversations in Spanish. If necessary, I'll ask an interpreter for help.
父亲：有。我应该不会用西班牙语进行长对话。如果有需要，我会向翻译求助。
Jane:Will the interpreter explain to you the culture of the country?
简：翻译会跟你解释那个国家的文化吗？
Father:Of course. Understanding the language and the culture can help me work well.
父亲：当然。了解语言和文化有助于我的工作。
Jane:Have a good trip. I wish you success!
简：旅途愉快。祝你成功！
SectionC-1a
English Around the World (I)
全世界的英语（一）
There are More than 3 000 language are spoken in the world.
全世界共有3000多种语言。
Of all these languages, English is the most widely used.
在所有这些语言中，英语的使用最为广泛。
Recent studies show that more than 500 million people speak English as their mother tongue.
近来的研究表明有5亿多人将英语作为他们的母语。
From it's roots in England, the language was spread around the world by English traders and English governments in new lands.
自英语在英格兰扎根以来，就被英国贸易商和英国政府传播至世界各地的新地区。
One of these new lands became the United States of America.
其中的新地区之一变成了美利坚合众国。
The population of the United States is 309 milliom, making it the country with the largest number of native English speakers.
美国的人口有3.09亿，是以英语为母语的人数最多的国家。
About 300 milliom people speak English as their second language.
大约有3亿人将英语作为他们的第二语言。
There are even more people, like some in Europe as well as in China and Jaban, who study English as a foreign language.
还有更多人，比如欧洲、中国和日本的人将英语作为外语来学习。
English has become the base language for international business, for the world's airlines and even for the Internet.
英语已经成为国际商业、国际航空甚至是网络的基本语言。
Whatever language people speak, they need to know some English if they work in these fields.
无论人们的母语是什么，如果他们想在这些领域工作，就必须得知道一些英语。
It is clear that the English language is becoming more important.
很明显，英语变得越来越重要。
SectionD-1a
English Around the World (II)全世界的英语（二）
English has become widely used around the world.
英语在全世界广泛使用。
Why has this happened? We may find the answer from history.
这是为什么呢？我们可以从历史上去寻找答案。
In the nineteeth century, Great Britain became a powerful country, so English became an international language.
19世纪时，英国已经成为了一个强大的国家，所以英语便成了国际语言。
Then, since the 1950s, the U.S.A. has become more and more powerful.
接着，从20世纪50年代开始，美国变得越来越强大。
The American computer and Internet industry have taken the leading position in the world.
美国的电脑和网络行业占据了世界领先地位。
As a result, the internet has helped English to become much more popular.
结果，网络帮助英语变得越来越受欢迎。
China, a country with the largest population in the world, has encouraged more people to learn English since the 1970s.
中国，世界上人口最多的国家，从20世纪70年代开始就鼓励更多人学习英语。
Since the 1990s, English learning has been very popular with Chinese people.
20世纪90年代，学习英语在中国特别受欢迎。
Many of them have done well in English and have made great progress in speaking it.
许多人的英语都学得很好，在口语方面也有了很大提升。
Now, students are required to learn English and the study of English is regarded as a very important industry in China as well as in the rest of the world.
现在学生们必须学习英语，而且学习英语在中国和世界其他地区都被看做是一个非常重要的产业。
Unit3
8
Topic 2
SectionA-1a
(Wang Junfeng and his parents are going to the USA. Michael and Kangkang are going to see them off. Now they are on their way to the airport.)
（王俊峰和他的父母要去美国。迈克尔和康康去给他们送行。现在他们在去机场的路上。）
Wang Junfeng:I can't believe that I'm flying to Disneyland. I'm so excited.
王俊峰：真不敢相信我就要飞往迪士尼了。我太激动了。
Kangkang:Of course you are.
康康：当然了。
(Michael sees a stranger putting out hand with his thumb raised.)
（迈克尔看到一个陌生人拇指向上伸着手。）
Michael:Stop, please!
迈克尔：麻烦停一下车！
Driver:What's up?
司机：怎么了？
Michael:The stranger is asking for a ride. Look at his gesture!
迈克尔：这个陌生人想让我们载他一程。看他的动作。
(The driver stops the minibus.)
（司机停下了面包车。）
Foreigner:Excuse me, could you please give me a ride to the airport?
外国人：打扰了，你们能带我去机场吗？
Driver:Sure. We're going to the same place. Get on, please.
司机：可以。我们也要去机场。上车吧。
Foreigner:Thank you very much.
外国人：非常感谢。
(They reach the airport twenty minutes later.)
（二十分钟以后他们到了机场。）
Kangkang:What time is your flight?
康康：你的飞机是什么时候？
Wang Junfeng:At 5 o'clock. My uncle is meeting us tomorrow. But I'll still worried about my English.
王俊峰：五点。我叔叔，明天来接我。但我还是很担心我的英语。
Kangkang:No need to worry. You can buy the guidebook, A Tour in the USA.
康康：不用担心。你可以买一本旅游指南，《美国之行》。
Wang Junfeng:Good idea. I hope I won't have much difficulty in communication.
王俊峰：好主意。希望我的交流不会有太大困难。
Michael:Whenever you need help, send me an e-mail or call me.
迈克尔：需要帮助的时候，就给我发邮件或者打电话。
Wang Junfeng:Thank you very much. I have to go now. Bye!
王俊峰：谢谢你们。我得走了。拜！
SectionB-1a
(Jane meets Kangkang and Yukio at the school gate.)
（简在学校门口遇到了康康和由纪夫。）
Jane:Hi, Kangkang and Yukio!
简：嗨，康康，由纪夫！
Yukio:Hello, Jane!
由纪夫：你好，简！
Kangkang:Yukio, when Jane says "Hi" she waves her hand, but when you say "Hello" you bow.
康康：由纪夫，简说“嗨”的时候，她招了手，你说“你好”的时候，你是鞠的躬。
Yukio:In Japan, we bow when we are saying hello as a sign of respect.
由纪夫：在日本，我们打招呼的时候会鞠躬，来表示对对方的尊敬。
Jane:In Canada, we wave as a sign of peace and feiendship.
简：在加拿大，我们招手来表示和平和友谊。
Kangkang:I think that is known as body language. We use body language to communicate how we feel, even if there is silence.
康康：我觉得那就是肢体语言。即便安静的时候，我们也会用肢体语言来交流我们的感受。
Yukio:Did you notice that Miss Wang smiles when she is happy, and when she is angry she put her hands on her hips? Then I know whether she will praise or punish us.
由纪夫：你有没有注意到方老师高兴的时候就会笑，生气的时候就会把手放在身体两侧？那样我就会知道她是要表扬还是要惩罚我们。
Jane:When my little sister is angry, she crosses her arms and stamps her foot!
简：我妹妹生气的时候就会双臂交叉跺着脚。
Kangkang:I wonder if body language means the same thing in all cultures.
康康：我想知道肢体语言在所有文化中是不是同一个意思。
Jane:We should do some research. People could communicate better if they knew more about their body language.
简：我们应该调查一下。如果人们更加了解肢体语言，就能更好的沟通了。
Yukio:Let's ask Miss Wang and Ms. Jones if they will help us with our research.
由纪夫：我们问问方老师和琼斯老师，看她们会不会帮我们做调查。
Jane:That is a good idea. Goodbye, Kangkang. Goodbye, Yukio.
简：好主意。再见，康康。再见，由纪夫。
Kangkang and Yukio:Goodbye, Jane.
康康和由纪夫：再见，简。
SectionC-1a
Some things usually have different meanings in differens cultures.
有些东西在不同文化中有不同的含义。
Here are some words about animals that are used differently in western cultures and Chinese culture.
这里有一些关于动物的词语，在中国文化和西方文化中用法不同。
Most phrases in Chinese about the dog, such as "a homeless dog", "a mad dog","a running dog" and "a dog catching a mouse", have negative meanings.
中国多数关于狗的短语，比如“丧家之犬”、“一条疯狗”、“走狗”和“狗逮耗子”，都是贬义词。
But in western countries, dogs are considered honest and good friends of humans.
但是在西方文化中，狗是人类忠实的好朋友。
The word, "dog", has positive meanings.
“dog”这个单词有积极地含义。
For example, "you are a lucky dog" means you are a lucky person.
比如，“you are a lucky dog”的意思是你是一个幸运儿。
And "every dog has its day" means each person has good luck at times.
“every dog has its day”的意思是每个人都有得意的时候。
As we know, dragons are very important in Chinese culture.
我们知道，龙在中国文化中很重要。
In ancient times, dragons were regarded as strong and magical creatures.
古代，人们认为龙是具有魔法的强大生物。
They brought hope and good luck.
它们能带来希望和好运。
The ancient emperors compared themselves to dragons.
古代皇帝把自己比作龙。
Nowadays, many parents want their children to become"dragons".
现在，很多父母都望子成“龙”。
But in western cultures, dragons were dangerous animals.
但是在西方文化中，龙是很危险的动物。
Heroes killed them to protect people.
英雄屠龙为了保护人们。
Some things have similar meanings in Chinese culture and western cultures.
有些东西在中国文化和西方文化中有相似的含义。
The rose is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some western countries.
在中国和一些西方国家，玫瑰都是爱情的象征。
People in China and the West think the rose also stands for peace, courage and friendship.
中国和西方的人们认为玫瑰还代表着和平、勇气和友谊。
When we pay attention to the cultural meanings of words, we will understand them better.
我们关注词语的文化含义时，就能更好地理解它们。
SectionD-1a
English is spoken by people in many places.
很多地方的人们都说英语。
It began in England but spread as the British people left their coutry and made new homes.
英语起源于英格兰，但是英国人在其他地方定居时，传播了英语。
Now, English is the language spoken by most people in countries like Canada, America and Australia.
现在，在加拿大、美国和澳大利亚这样的国家，大多数人都说英语。
After many years, the English language began to change.
很多年后，英语开始发生改变。
The changes were maily expressions and spellings.
发生变化的主要是表达和拼写。
Sometimes different people use different words to mean the same thing.
有时候，不同的人用不同的单词来表达同一个意思。
People in England say "underground" while people in America say "subway".
英国人用“underground”来表示地铁，而美国人却用“subway”。
In America an elevater starts on the first floor, but in Britain it starts on the ground floor.
美国电梯的第一层叫“first floor”，而英国人则用“ground floor”。
"Colour" and "centre" are British spellings while"color" and "center" are American spellings for the same words.
同一个单词，“colour（颜色）”和“centre（中心）”是英国人的拼写方法，而“color”和“center”是美国人的拼写方法。
Pronunciation of words and ways of speaking have changed as well.
单词的发音和说话方式也发生了改变。
It is possible to tell whether a person is American or British by listening to his or her speech.
听一个人说话就可以判断他/她是美国人还是英国人。
The English language has also changed by borrowing words from other languages.
英语的改变还体现在它会从其他语言中借词。
The Americans borrowed "cent" from old French and "cookbook" from German.
美国人从古法语中借用了“cent（分）”，从德语中借用了“cookbook（食谱）”。
They also borrowed "tofu" and "kowtow" from Chinese.
他们还从汉语中借用了“tofu（豆腐）”和“kowtow（叩头）”。
The English language is changing all the time, but people from English-speaking countries are still able to understand each other.
英语一直都在改变着，但是以英语为母语的国家的人们依然能听懂彼此。
Unit3
9
Topic 3
Section A
Li Ming:How nice to see you back, Junfeng! How was your trip?
李明：看到你回来真好啊，俊峰！你的旅行怎么样？
Wang Junfeng:Wonderful! I've been to many places of interest, and I enjoyed myself in Disneyland.
王俊峰：棒极了！我去了很多著名的景点，而且在迪士尼乐园玩的很开心。
Li Hong:Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A?
李红：你在美国能跟别人交流吗？
Wang Junfeng:Not really. Sometimes I got into trouble. They spoke too quickly for me and there were many different accents. I couldn't have long conversations with the people there. I think I should work harder at English.
王俊峰：不太能。有时候我会遇到麻烦。对我而言，他们说话速度太快，而且有很多种不同的口音。我无法跟他们进行长对话。我觉得我应该更加努力地学英语。
Li Ming:Yes, I agree. I know oral English is very important, but I dare not speak English in public. And I always feel sleepy in English classes. I'm really afraid of the final exam.
李明：嗯，我赞成。我知道口语特别重要，可是我不敢在别人面前说英语。而且我在英语课上老是犯困。我真的很担心期末考试。
Li Hong:I'm afraid, too. And it's very difficult for me to remember new words.
李红：我也很担心。记新单词对我来说太困难了。
Wang Junfeng:Me, too. I've worked hard at it for a whole week, but it seems that I haven't made any progress. I don't know what to do. At times I feel like giving up.
王俊峰：我也是。我已经努力了一个星期想要克服它，可是好像并没有什么进步。我不知道该怎么办。有时候甚至都想放弃了。
Li Hong:Please don't let these difficulties discourage you. Perhaps we can ask Kangkang for help. He is good at English.
李红：别让这些困难打倒你。或许我们可以去找康康帮忙。他英语很好。
SectionA-3a
You look so worried, Li Ming. What's wrong?
你看起来很担心，李明。怎么了？
I'm afraid of the coming English test.
我在担心马上要来的英语考试。
I don't know what to do.
我不知道该怎么办。
Don't worry! I can help you.
别担心！我可以帮你。
Thank you! I have difficulty in pronunciation.
谢谢！我发音有问题。
Listening to the English tape is helpful.
多听英语磁带有帮助。
You can listen and repeat after it. That's a good idea.
你可以听然后跟着重复。好主意。
But I always forget new words easily.
可是我很容易忘记新单词。
You can copy new words in a notebook and take it with you.
你可以把新单词抄在笔记本上，随身带着。
Then you can remember the new words wherever you are. I'll do that. Thanks.这样不管在哪里你都可以背新单词了。我会的。谢谢。
Can you understand the dialog when watching the movie?
你看电影的时候能听懂对话吗？
A little, but if they speak quickly, I can't follow them.
能懂一点，但是如果他们语速太快，我就跟不上了。
I think you should take part in the English corner, and you can practice speaking and listening there.
我觉得你应该加入英语角，你可以在那里练习口语和听力。
Really? I hope it works. But I am also weak in writing compositions.
真的吗？希望这会有作用。但是我作文也不好。
You can keep a diary in English. OK, I'll have a try. Thank you very much.
你可以用英语写日记。好的。我会试试的。太感谢你了。
Section B
Wang Junfeng:Kangkang, could you give us some advice on how to learn English well?
王俊峰：康康，你能不能给我们一些关于如何学好英语的建议啊？
Kangkang:Sure. Two years ago, I was also weak in English. How to improve it was my biggest problem. So I went to Mr. Brown and I've learned a lot from him.
康康：当然。两年以前，我的英语也不好。怎么提高英语是我最大的问题。所以我去找了布朗先生，我从他那里学到很多。
Wang Junfeng:Great. How do you remember new words?
王俊峰：太好了。你怎么记新单词？
Kangkang:I always copy new words on pieces of paper, stick them on the walls in my bedroom or in the living room, and read the words aloud when I see them. I change them often. Also, I always read the English words on the objects I see.
康康：我经常把新单词写在小纸片上，然后把它们贴在卧室或者客厅的墙上，我一看到它们就大声读出来。我会经常换单词。另外，我经常会读我看到的物体上的英语单词。
Li Hong:That sounds interesting. I'll try it. I always read English textbooks, but some texts are difficult for me. Could you please tell me how to increase my reading ability?
李红：听起来很有趣。我会试试的。我经常读一些英语课本，但是有些文章对我来说太难了。你能不能告诉我怎么提高阅读能力呢？
Kangkang:Do more reading. Try to guess the meanings of new words, and get the main idea of the article.
康康：多阅读。试着猜测陌生单词的词意，找到文章的主旨。
Li Ming:Kangkang, I dare not answer questions in class because I'm afraid of making mistakes.
李明：康康，我在课堂上不敢回答问题，因为我害怕犯错。
Kangkang:Don't be shy. Think about your answer, take a deep breath and smile, and then answer the question. Smiling is always helpful.
康康：别害羞。想好你的答案，深呼吸，微笑，然后回答问题。微笑很有帮助。
Li Ming:Thank you. I'll give a try.
李明：谢谢你。我会试试的。
Section C
(Miss Wang is holding a class meeting on how to learn English. She asks two students to report the results of their discussion.)
（王老师在开如何学好英语的班会。她让两名学生来汇报他们的讨论结果。）
I'm very glad to share our group's opinions with you. Kangkang said that he previewed the day's lesson before class, took notes in class and reviewed them after class. Lin Ping said, "Read a passage. Then try to retell it yourself."
我很高兴能够跟大家分享我们组的看法。康康说他会在上课之前预习课本，课堂上记笔记，课后复习。林平说“读一篇文章。然后试着复述它。”
Yu Zhen thought studying grammar was important when learining English. I myself prefer watching English movies, though sometimes I can't understand them exactly. These are our opinions. Thank you for listening!
余震认为学习语法对英语很重要。我自己更喜欢看英语电影，尽管有时候我不懂他们在说什么。这就是我们的看法。谢谢大家！
It's an honor to talk with all of you here. Our group agrees with some of Group One's opinions. However, we have some other ideas.
很荣幸能跟大家分享。我们组同意一组的某些观点。但是，我们还有其他想法。
Xu Duoduo said that joining an English club was the best way to improve her English. Cheng Le advised us to read a good English newspaper. But she said, "We shouldn't translate every word when we are reading."
许多多认为参加英语俱乐部是提高英语最好的方法。成乐建议我们要阅读较好的英语报纸。但是她说“我们阅读的时候不应该把每个单词都翻译出来。”
Shu Yan told us we should speak English with our teachers, classmates and even with foreigners as often as possible. That's all. Thanks. Good job!
舒燕说我们应该尽可能多地跟老师、同学、甚至是外国人说英语。就是这些。谢谢。很好！
You two have told us many good methods. Each of us can use one or more of them. But remember to choose the ones that suit you best. I'm sure that you will make great progress as long as you stick to them.
你们两个告诉我们了很多好方法。我们大家都可以采取其中一个或多个。但是记住要选择最适合你的方法。我相信只要大家能坚持下去就一定会取得很大进步的。
And I think keeping a diary in English is a good way to improve your writing. Also, the chants, songs and riddles in our textbooks are helpful.
我觉得用英语写日记是个提高写作的好方法。此外，我们课本里的合唱、歌曲和谜语也有帮助。
Section D
Are you facing problems in learning English? If so, the following two ways will help you to learn it more easily and with more fun! "I downloaded English songs from the Internet. It has really improved my listening. What's more, I am happier when I study this way,"said one junior student.
你在学习英语方面有困难吗？如果是这样，下面的两种方法能够帮你更轻松更有趣地学英语！“我从网上下载英文歌曲。那真的提高了我的听力。另外，这样学习的时候我会更开心。”一名中学生说。
Listening to your favorite English songs is actually an effective way. Before you listen, you can read first and find out what the song is about. While listening, pick some useful words or phrases. A dictionary may also be helpful if necessary.
听你最喜欢的英文歌曲确实是个很有效的方法。听之前，你可以先读一下，看看这首歌是关于什么的。听的时候，挑出一些有用的单词或表达。如果需要的话，词典可能会有帮助。
Watching a movie is another good and interesting way. "It is wonderful to watch movies, and it can help your English a lot!" said a junior three student. "You can also imitate the pronunciation of the actors." So choose your favorite movie before watching. Then have paper and a pen ready as you may want to write down useful words or phrases.
看电影是另一种又好又有趣的方法。“看电影很开心，而且它也能帮助学英语！”一名初三学生说。“你还可以模仿演员的发音。”所以选择你最喜欢的电影来看。准备好一张纸和一根笔，因为你可能会想要写下一些有用的单词和表达。
In this way, you can increase the number of words and understand the dialogs better. Enjoy using the two ways, and you are sure to learn faster and do better!
这样，你可以增加自己的词汇量，还能更好地理解对话。好好享受这两种方法，你一定会学的更快更好！
Unit4
10
Topic 1
SectionA-1a
Kangkang:Jane, why are you unhappy?
康康：简，你怎么不高兴啊？
Jane:Because I was not allowed to play computer games last night.
简：因为我昨天晚上没玩成电脑游戏。
Kangkang:It's bad for your health if you spend too much time on them.
康康：你如果花太多时间玩游戏的话会有损健康。
Jane:Maybe you're right.
简：或许你说得对。
(Kangkang shows a model to Jane.)（康康给简看了一个模型。）
Kangkang:Look at this.
康康：你看。
Jane:A model rocket! Who made it?
简：一个火箭模型！谁做的？
Kangkang:It was made by me.
康康：我做的。
Jane:Wow! What's it made of?
简：哇！它是用什么做成的？
Kangkang:It's made of metal. Do you know what a rocket is used for?
康康：用金属做成的。你知道火箭是用来干什么的吗？
Jane:Sure. It's used for sending satellites or spaceships into space.
简：当然啦。它是用来把卫星或宇宙飞船发往太空的。
Kangkang:You're right. I've learned a lot about spaceships from Mr. Brown and then I made this model rocket. I wish I could go into space some day.
康康：是的。我从布朗先生那里学到了很多关于太空飞船的知识，然后我就做了这个火箭模型。我希望有一天能够飞往太空。
Jane:I hope your dream will come true.
简：祝你愿望成真。
SectionB-1a
Michael:Look, a light bulb!
迈克尔：看，一个灯泡！
Jane:Yeah. it is widely used by people everywhere. Do you know when it was invented?
简：嗯。现在各地的人们都广泛使用灯泡。你知道灯泡是什么时候发明的吗？
Michael:It was invented in 1879.
迈克尔：是1879年。
Jane:Who invented it?
简：谁发明的？
Michael:Thomas Edison. It's said that he invented more than two thousand things during his life.
迈克尔：托马斯·爱迪生。据说他一生中发明了两千多种东西。
Jane:What about the radio?
简：那收音机呢？
Michael:The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895. Jane, let's go this way. Look! An airplane, but it's different form today's.
迈克尔：收音机是由古列尔莫·马可尼在1895年发明的。简，我们走这边。看！有一架飞机，不过它跟现在的飞机不一样。
Jane:Yes. It was invented by Wilbur and Orville Wright in 1903.
简：是的。这是威尔伯和奥威尔·莱特在1903年发明的。
SectionC-1a
An invention may be a new product or a new way of doing things. Inventions come about in many ways.
一项发明可以是一种新产品或者一种做事的新方法。发明会以各种方式出现。
Most of the time, inventions happen because someone works to solve a problem. Sometimes inventions are the result of accidents. Look at your schoolbags. You have pencils, pens, crayons, rulers and some books. None of these things was planted in fields. They were made in factories and invented by someone.
多数情况下，出现一项发明是因为有人努力去解决一个问题。有时候发明是意外的结果。看看你的书包。你有铅笔、钢笔、蜡笔、尺子和一些书。这些东西没有一样是天然存在的。它们是在工厂里制造出来，被人们发明出来的。
Inventing is interesting and exciting and everyone can be an inventor.
发明既有趣又令人兴奋，每个人都可以是一位发明家。
Do you want to be an inventor? These are a few simple steps to follow in the invention process.
你想成为发明家吗？这些是在发明过程中要经历的一些简单步骤。
You can have wild and crazy thoughts. Remember that no idea is too silly. Many people laughed at the Wright brothers and said they would never fly. But they weren't discouraged by what people said. That's why now we have planes.
你可以有疯狂又大胆的想法。记住没有什么想法是愚蠢的。很多人曾嘲笑莱特兄弟，说他们永远都飞不起来。但是他们并没有被人们的话打击。所以现在我们有了飞机。
Careful planning is important in the invention process. This is the time to brainstorm for idea and to evaluate them.
认真计划是发明过程中很重要的一点。也就是说要集思广益，评估观点。
Make a detailed drawing of your invention so others will understand how your invention works. Make a model of your invention. See if your invention works as it is planned. If not, do more research, redesign it, and test it again.
把你的发明详细画出来，这样别人就能懂它是如何运作的。为你的发明做一个模型。看你的发明是否能像计划的那样工作。如果不能，就继续研究，重新设计，再次测试。
Every invention needs a name. Share your inventions with others.
每项发明都需要名字。跟大家分享你的发明。
SectionD-1a
Where Are We? 我们在哪里？
Where are we? 我们在哪里？
That was a big question when we first explores our world long ago.
很久以前人们刚开始探索世界的时候这是一个很困难的问题。
The early explorers found that the stars in the sky were good guiding marks.
早期的探索家发现天空中的星星是很好的标记。
Using the stars, they could find out where they were and in which direction they were going.
通过星星，他们能够知道自己在哪里，在往哪个方向前进。
This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen.
只要天气晴朗，星星清晰可见，这种方法就很有效。
But it didn't work so well during the rest of the time. 但是其他时间效果就不太好了。
That was a problem. 这是个问题。
Today, the problem has been solved by the Global Positioning System(GPS).
现在，这个问题已经被全球定位系统（GPS）解决了。
It is like a man-made star. 它就像是人造星星。
We can use it at any time, in any place and in any weather to find out our position.
我们随时随地、在任何天气状况下都能用它找到我们的位置。
It can also be used to study the shape of the earth.
它还可以用来研究地球的形状。
The GPS is a great invention that helps us explore our planet and discover where we are.
全球定位系统是一个很伟大的发明，能够帮助我们探索地球，寻找位置。
Unit4
11
Topic 2
SectionA-1a
Kangkang: Hi, Maria! A wonderful movie will be shown tonight. Shall we go to watch it?
康康：嗨，马丽亚！今晚有一部很棒的电影要上映。我们一起去看怎么样？
Maria: Great! What's it about?
马丽亚：好呀！是关于什么的？
Kangkang: It's about life in space.
康康：关于太空生活的。
Maria: That sounds exciting.
马丽亚：听起来很不错。
Kangkang: Yes. All the people travel by spaceship in the movie, and they can visit planets like Mars.
康康：是的。电影里的人们都坐着太空飞船移动，他们还可以到火星这样的的星球上去。
Maria: Really? Kangkang, do you think people will live on Mars in the future?
马丽亚：是吗？康康，你觉得以后人们会住在火星上吗？
Kangkang: Yes, I think we will live in space one day.
康康：嗯，我觉得有一天我们都会在太空生活。
Houses, schools and hospitals will be built on Mars.
房子、学校和医院都会建在火星上。
We will be able to do anything that can be done on the earth.
在地球上能做的事也能在火星上做。
Maria: What fun! I can't wait.
马丽亚：太有趣了！我等不及了。
SectionB-1a
Kangkang:Maria, have you heard the news on TV about the space flight to Mars?
康康：马丽亚，你有没有听电视上关于飞往火星的新闻呀？
Maria:No, I haven't. Who will take part in the space flight?
马丽亚：还没有。谁会参与太空飞行？
Kangkang:Astronauts from China, the United States and Russia. They will travel into space and discover something new about Mars. I really admire them. I'd like to be an astronaut when I grow up.
康康：中国、美国和俄罗斯的宇航员。他们将飞往太空，探索火星。我真羡慕他们。我长大以后相当宇航员。
Maria:It's really cool. However, I think you should first master some basic computer skills.
马丽亚：很好。不过我觉得你应该先掌握一些基础的电脑知识。
Kangkang:Sure. Maria, what are you going to be?
康康：当然。马丽亚，你以后想做什么？
Maria:Mm, I am not sure. Sometimes I want to be a dancer, but I think I'm going to be a scientist in the future.
马丽亚：嗯，不太确定。有时候我想当个舞蹈家，但我觉得我以后会是科学家。
Kangkang:Why? I think you dance very well.
康康：为什么？我觉得你舞跳的很好。
Maria:Yes, I'm sure I can perform ballet on the stage in the future. But I prefer science to dance. It is my favorite subject in school. I'm excited about the things that will be discovered in the future.
马丽亚：嗯，我相信将来能在舞台上表演芭蕾。但跟芭蕾相比，我更喜欢科学。这是我在学校最喜欢的一科。我很期待以后会有什么新发现。
Kangkang:That's wonderful! Let's work hard. Then our dreams will be realized.
康康：太好了！我们一起努力实现梦想。
SectionC-1a
What do you know about Mars? What does it look like? Mars is the fourth planet from the sun in our solar system and is named after Mars, the Roman god of war. Its diameter is 53% as wide as that of the earth. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers.
关于火星你了解多少？火星是什么样的？火星是太阳系中距离太阳第四的星球，以罗马战神的名字“Mars”命名。火星的直径是地球的53%。火星在距离太阳2.28亿千米的轨道上绕行。
You can tell which planet is Mars because it is bright red in the night sky. It looks like a red and orange ball. It's very beautiful. But during spring and summer, the surface of Mars is covered by strong storms.
火星在夜空中是明亮的红色，很好识别。它看起来像一个橘红色的大球。很漂亮。但是春夏季时，火星表面覆盖有厚厚的云层。
The gravity on the surface of Mars is about two-fifths as strong as it is on the earth. So a person who weight 90 kilos on the earth weights only 36 kilos on Mars. The temperature on Mars is between -138℃ and 28℃. The air has only 0.13% oxygen.
火星表面的重力大概是地球的1/5。所以在地球上有90公斤重的人在火星上只有36公斤。火星上的温度大约在-138℃ 到 28℃之间。空气中含氧量只有0.13%。
It takes a spaceship about eight months to reach Mars from the earth when the two planets are closest to each other. Scientists are still searching for more information about Mars.
火星与地球相距最近时，宇宙飞船需要八个月才能从地球抵达火星。科学家们还在探索更多关于火星的信息。
SectionD-1a
Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for millions of years. However, we haven't found life on other planets yet. The earth is a planet and it goes around the sun. And there are seven other planet that also go around the sun.
科学家认为生命已经在地球上存在了数百万年。但是，人类还没有在其他星球上发现生命。地球是行星，围绕太阳运行。还有另外七个行星也绕着太阳运行。
The sun and its planets are called the solar system. The solar system is a small part of the universe.
太阳以及围绕它运行的行星被称为太阳系。太阳系只是宇宙的一小部分。
Scientists have launched many spaceships to explore other planets in the solar system. Some spaceships have gone beyond the solar system. However, no one has discovered any life in space yet.
科学家们发射了很多宇宙飞船，去探索太阳系中的其他星球。有些宇宙飞船已经飞出了太阳系。但是，还没有人在太空中发现任何生命。
Why has no one from other planets sent us a message? Have they tried to send information to us? With so many stars in space, are we alone, or is there life on other planets in space?
为什么其他星球上没有任何人给我们发信息呢？他们有试过给我们发信息吗？太空中有这么多行星，我们是唯一的生命吗？还是其他星球上也有生命？
Unit4
12
Topic 3
Section A
(Michael and Kangkang are in the Science Museum.)
（迈克尔和康康在科学博物馆里。）
Michael:Kangkang, who is the first Chinese to travel into space?
迈克尔：康康，谁是第一个进入太空的中国人？
Kangkang:Yang Liwei. He is our national hero who traveled around the earth in Shenzhou V for 21 hours in 2003. China is the third nation that sent a person into space.
康康：杨利伟。他是我们国家的英雄，2003年他乘坐神舟五号飞船绕地球飞行了21小时。中国是第三个把人类送往太空的国家。
Michael:Wonderful! All of you must be very proud.
迈克尔：太棒了！你们一定都很骄傲。
Kangkang:Of course we are. What's more, we have launched another four spaceships in the past few years.
康康：当然。而且我们在过去几年间还发射了另外四个宇宙飞船。
Michael:That's great! It proves that China has made great progress in its space industry.
迈克尔：很好！这表明中国在太空领域取得了极大进展。
Kangkang:That's right. I'm sure that China will send more spaceships into space.
康康：是的。我相信中国会往太空中发送更多宇宙飞船。
Michael:Look, what a large crowd! Let's go and see.
迈克尔：看，好多人呀！我们去看一下。
Kangkang:Wow! Chang'e I. It's a spaceship which was launched as China's first lunar probe. I hope I can travel to the moon one day.
康康：哇哦！嫦娥一号。这是中国发射的第一个月球探测器。我希望有一天能到月球上去。
Michael:I think your dream will be realized in the future.
迈克尔：相信你的梦想一定会实现的。
Section B
(Kangkang is asking Mr.Brown something about spaceships.)
（康康在问布朗先生一些关于宇宙飞船的事情。）
Kangkang:Spaceships are so amazing! Mr.Brown, could you please tell me some recent spaceship developments?
康康：宇宙飞船太神奇了！布朗先生，你能跟我说一说近来宇宙飞船的发展情况吗？
Mr.Brown:OK. Spaceships which now mainly use electronic controls used to be controlled by astronauts.
布朗先生：好。现在用电子控制的宇宙飞船以前是由宇航员来控制的。
Kangkang:But how do they work?
康康：可是它是怎么控制呢？
Mr.Brown:Astronauts use computers to control the speed and direction of their spaceships, even the temperature.
布朗先生：宇航员用电脑来控制宇宙飞船的速度、方向甚至是温度。
Kangkang:Perfect! But I know so little about computer technology.
康康：太好了！可是我对电脑技术了解的太少。
Mr.Brown:It's important to master computer technology. So I advise you to discover new ways to make computers serve us better.
布朗先生：掌握电脑技术很重要。所以我建议你发明新方法让电脑更好地为我们服务。
Kangkang:Good idea. Thanks for your introduction, Mr. Brown. I think that if I work hard then nothing is impossible.
康康：好主意。谢谢您的介绍，布朗先生。我相信只要刻苦努力，一切皆有可能。
Section C
The Importance of Computers
电脑的重要性
Since computers were invented in the USA in the 1950s, they have become very important in many areas of work and leisure.
从20世纪50年代，美国发明了电脑以后，它就在人们的工作和休闲领域有很重要的作用。
There is no doubt that computers are very useful in technology and business.
毫无疑问，电脑在科技和商业领域作用重大。
In space, computers have been used to control the speed and direction of a spaceship.
在太空中，电脑可以用来控制宇宙飞船的速度和方向。
With the help of computers, doctors can find diseases easily and solve other problems.
在电脑的帮助下，医生能够轻而易举地发现疾病并解决其他问题。
For example, tiny computers which are inside patients' bodies can keep their hearts beating normally.
比如，病人体内的微型电脑能够让他们的心脏正常跳动。
In factories, robots are controlled by computers that are like human brains. They can do work that is dangerous to humans.
在工厂中，可以用类似人脑的电脑来控制机器人。它们可以做很危险的工作。
In business, computers are used to place and cancel orders. They are also making the workplace safer and better.
在商业领域，电脑是用来设置或取消命令的。它们还能让工作场所更安全更好。
Since the Internet came into being, people's lives at home have changed, too.
电脑出现以后，人类的生活也发生了改变。
More and more people have personal computers that are used to play games and watch movies.
越来越多的人有私人电脑用来玩游戏或看电影。
Thanks to the Internet, people can do shopping and do business at home.
有了网络，人们可以在家里购物或办公。
Instead of writing letters on paper, people communicate by sending e-mails and chatting on line.
人们交流时不再用纸写信，而是发送邮件或在网上聊天。
The whole world is connected. The Internet is making the world smaller, like a village.
整个世界都联系在一起。网络让地球变得更小，像个村子一样。
Computers have improved our lives, but they have brought problems, too.
电脑改善了生活，但是也带来了问题。
For instance, if we work on computers too long, we may get headaches or sore eyes.
例如，如果我们用电脑工作太久，可能会头疼，眼睛酸涩。
If we play computer games too much, we won't have enough time to study or exercise.
如果我们玩太多电脑游戏，就没有足够的时间学习或锻炼。
Besides, not everything we read on the Internet is true or good for us.
此外，我们在网上看到的信息并不一定都是真实有益的。
Computers help us at work and at home, but they must be used properly.
电脑在工作和家庭中都能帮助我们，但是我们应当正确使用。
Section D
Robots-Our Servants in the Future?
机器人——我们未来的仆人？
What will our future be like?
我们的未来会是什么样子？
No one knows for certain, but most people think that robots will be part of our lives.
没有人知道，不过很多人认为机器人会是我们生活的一部分。
Will they be friendly or unfriendly?
它们会友好还是不友好呢？
So far, robots haven't caused us any problems.
目前为止，机器人还没有给我们造成任何伤害。
They work for us like servants all the time.
它们一直像仆人一样为我们工作。
They help us do dangerous and difficult work.
它们帮助我们做危险困难的工作。
People are surprised at the rapid development of robots.
人们对机器人的快速发展感到很惊讶。
In a few years, perhaps robots will think on their own, just as people use their brains and act for themselves.
几年以后，或许机器人会像人一样自行思考，自由行动。
However, once robots can think for themselves, problems may appear.
但是，一旦机器人能够自我思考，问题就会出现。
One scientist warns that if robots start to think for themselves, they will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.
一位科学家提醒说如果机器人有了自己的意识，它们就不想再继续做我们的仆人，而是主人。
The scientist also warns that if we are lucky, they might treat us as we now treat our pets; if we are not lucky, who knows what will happen?
科学家还提到，如果我们比较幸运，它们可能会像我们现在对待宠物这样对待我们；如果我们比较倒霉，谁知道会发生什么呢？
Perhaps there will be a war between human beings and robots.
或许人类和机器人之间还会发生战争。
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