哈佛大学出资1亿美元赎罪！| 双语精读

Harvard releases report detailing its ties to slavery, plans to issue reparations

哈佛大学发布详细报告说明其与奴隶制的关系，并计划实施赔偿

Harvard University has released a report detailing the school's involvement in the U.S. slave trade, including faculty and staff owning slaves and professors teaching racial eugenics.

哈佛大学近日发布了一份报告，详细介绍了该校参与美国奴隶贸易的情况，包括拥有奴隶的教职员工和教授种族优生学的教授。

In 2019, Harvard President Lawrence Bacow formed a committee that included representatives from all the schools on campus, and asked them to uncover Harvard's ties to slavery.

2019年，哈佛大学校长劳伦斯·巴考成立了一个委员会，其中包括来自校内所有学院的代表，并要求他们揭开哈佛大学与奴隶制的关系。

The committee's work should "have a strong grounding in rigorous research and critical perspectives that will inform not only our understanding of facts, but also how we might address the ramifications of what we learn," he said at the time.

他说，委员会的工作应该 “以严格的研究和批判性的观点为坚实的基础，这不仅能帮助我们理解事实，对于我们获悉的信息所产生的后果，也能帮助我们找出可能的解决办法。”

The committee found that Harvard faculty and staff enslaved 70 people from the school's founding in 1636 to the banning of slavery in Massachusetts in 1783. Some of those who were enslaved lived on campus and were responsible for providing care for Harvard's presidents, professors and students.

委员会发现，从1636年建校到1783年马萨诸塞州禁止奴隶制，哈佛教职员工奴役了70人。其中一些被奴役者住在校园里，负责照顾哈佛大学的校长、教授和学生。

Additionally, the report discovered many of the university's donors profited directly from the slave trade in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Some used labor from enslaved people in the Caribbean and the American South. Others obtained their wealth from selling goods to plantations. Donors in the textile industry sourced cotton that was grown by enslaved persons.

此外，该报告发现，哈佛的许多捐助者直接从17至19世纪的奴隶贸易中获利。一些人用加勒比地区和美国南部的被奴役者做劳力。其他人通过向种植园出售商品获得财富。纺织业的捐赠者采购的是由被奴役者种植的棉花。

"During the first half of the 19th century, more than a third of the money donated or promised to Harvard by private individuals came from just five men who made their fortunes from slavery and slave-produced commodities," the report said.

该报告称：“在19世纪上半叶，私人捐赠或承诺捐赠给哈佛大学的资金中，有超过三分之一仅来自5人，他们通过奴隶制和奴隶生产的商品发家致富。”

The university also heavily supported the study of eugenics, the concept of encouraging selective breeding for the purpose of purifying the human race.

哈佛还曾大力支持优生学的研究，一种为净化人类种族而鼓励选择性生育的概念。

Dudley Allen Sargent, director of Harvard's Hemenway Gymnasium from 1879 to 1919, "implemented a 'physical education' program that involved intrusive physical examinations, anthropometric measurements, and the photographing of unclothed Harvard and Radcliffe students," according to the study.

哈佛大学海门威体育馆馆长达德利·艾伦·萨金特根据这项研究，在1879年至1919年期间“实施了一项‘体育教育’计划，其中包括侵犯性的体检、人体测量以及对裸身的哈佛和拉德克利夫学院学生进行拍照。”

The school has made a plan to administer some form of reparations

哈佛已经制定了一些形式的赔偿计划

Harvard outlined several next steps it said it would take in an attempt to atone for its involvement in the slave trade, including monetary reparations for Black and Indigenous students who are descendants of enslaved persons in the U.S.

哈佛大学概述了接下来将采取的几个步骤，试图为参与奴隶贸易赎罪，包括为祖上曾在美国遭受奴役的黑人学生和土著学生提供金钱赔偿。

"The profound harm caused by the university's entanglements with slavery and its legacies cannot be valued in monetary terms alone," the study said. "Nevertheless, financial expenditures are a necessary predicate to and foundation for redress."

该研究报告说：“哈佛大学与奴隶制的纠葛及其遗留问题所造成的深远伤害不能仅仅用金钱来衡量。然而，这样的财政支出是补救问题的必要前提和基础。”

The Legacy of Slavery Fund will be kept in an endowment "strategically invested to support implementation of these recommendations," the report said.

该报告表示：“奴隶制遗留问题基金将存在一个捐赠基金中，从战略角度进行投资，以支持这些提议的实施。”

The Ivy League school also plans to further partner with Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) through initiatives, such as appointing visiting HBCU professors to Harvard for one year and subsidizing summer, semester or yearlong studies at Harvard for HBCU students.

这所常春藤盟校还计划通过各种举措进一步与传统黑人大学（HBCU）合作，例如任命HBCU的客座教授到哈佛大学工作一年，资助HBCU学生在哈佛大学进行暑期、一个学期或全年的学习。

The school said it is working to identify Black and Indigenous students who are direct descendants of people enslaved in the U.S.

哈佛表示，他们正在努力找寻是美国被奴役者直接后裔的黑人学生和土著学生。

"We further recommend that, in recognition of this lineage, the university engage with these descendants through dialogue, programming, information sharing, relationship building, and educational support," it said.

“我们进一步提议，在确认血缘关系后，大学会通过谈话、制定计划、信息共享、建立关系和教育支持与这些后裔取得联系。”

The recommendations will be evaluated through annual reports, Harvard said.

哈佛大学表示，他们将通过年度报告对这些提议进行评估。