一、动词的三单变化
【三单就是he,she,it;以及可以用he,she,it代替的名词。】
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加”-s”或”-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
语法 | 基础不规则动词变化一览(口诀版)
二、名词的复数变化
名词复数的规则变化是:
①一般在词尾加“s”如:desk+s [-ks] bag+s [-gz] bed+s[-dz] hat+s [-ts]
②以字母 s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词变复数,通常在词尾加“es”,如:bus+es [-iz] box+es [-iz] brush+es [-iz] watch + es [-iz]
③以字母o结尾的名词变复数, 一般在词尾加“s”,也有加es的,如:photo+s [-z] tomato+es [-z]
④以f或fe结尾的名词一般变f或fe为v再加es,例如:
knife─knives[-vz] leaf─leaves [-vz]
⑤以”辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变复数时改y为i,再加es, 如: baby ─ babies factory─factories
1、单复数同形
Chinese-chinese Japanese-japanese sheep -sheep deer -deer
2、 this 这个these这些(复数) that那个 those那些(复数) I 我 we我们(复数) he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她们(复数) am ,is是 are(复数)
3、其他常见不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
例:There are ____ in the field. They’re eating grass.
A. a horse B. much horses
C. many horse D. many horses
答案:D
例:Look at the _____. You can see ____ and ______.
A. photos; potatoes, tomatoes,radioes
B. photoes; potatoes, tomatoes, radios
C. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radios
D. photoes; potatos, tomatos, radioes
答案:C
名词复数的不规则变化就需要我们记忆了
child ─children fish─fish foot─feet
man ─ men woman ─ women tooth ─ teeth
sheep ─ sheep
注意:某些名词只有复数形式,例如:people (人们) clothes (衣服) trousers (裤子) police (警察) glasses (眼镜)
动词的单数第三人称变化规则
规则1 一般情况词尾直接加s
e.g. like—likes, look–looks, get–gets
规则2 以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾加es
e.g. go–goes, do–does, pass–passes, fix–fixes, catch–catches, wash–washes
规则3 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i再加es
e.g. carry—carries, fly–flies
规则4 以元音字母+y结尾, 直接加s
e.g. play–plays, stay–stays, pay–pays, buy–buys
规则5 不规则变化
e.g. have–has
动词的单数第三人称发音规律
大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。如:
stop-stops [s] ; make-makes [s]
read-reads [z] ; play-plays [z]
以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz] 。如:
fly-flies [z]; carry-carries [z]
study-studies [z]; worry-worries
以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz]。 如:
teach-teaches [iz]; watch-watches [iz]
以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z] 。如:
go-goes [z] do-does [z]
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音,与所加“s”一起读做[iz]。 如:
close-closes [iz]
下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。如:
1、do [du:]-does [dz]
2、say [sei]-says [sez]