原文
①SUPERMARKETS encourage shoppers to buy products through clever layouts and cunning promotions.② Packaging presents items in an alluring way.③ It also keeps them clean and safe to eat. ④Green types balk at plastic-encased bananas. But some forms of packaging, especially for meat, can be an environmental boon. ⑤A third of food never makes it to the plate according to the UN, costing billions of dollars every year. ⑥Taken together, greenhouse-gas emissions from food waste are higher than those of India, Brazil or Saudi Arabia, because chucking out items means the water, fuel, fertilizer and other inputs that went into them are wasted too. ⑦Such harm to the planet can be reduced if the length of time that food lingers on shelves or in fridges can be extended. ⑧Packaging is a part of that strategy. How?
精读第一段
第一段指出结论,食品包装对地球环境有利。
①SUPERMARKETS encourage shoppers to buy products through clever layouts and cunning promotions.
超市通过巧妙的布局和有噱头的促销活动鼓励消费者购买产品。
第①句指出超市如何推销产品。
来看看方式状语through clever layouts and cunning promotions-过巧妙的布局和有噱头的促销活动。
layout, 作名词,是“布局,布置,排列”的意思。
比如,你去买房子,觉得房子的布局不错可以说:
I like the layout of the house. 我喜欢这座房子的布局。
从这里扩展另一个词dynamic, 熟词僻义,作形容词,我们都知道是“充满活力的,精力充沛的”,而作名词时,可理解为“权力格局”, 比如经常听到的一个新闻词汇,国际权力格局,就可以说the global dynamics.
cunning, 作形容词,表示“狡猾的,狡诈的”。在文中可以理解为“有噱头的”。
来看看《金融时报》在报道餐厅APP订餐时,用到的这个表达:
At the same time, the restaurants gained full tables and a high-tech, usually free electronic diary with all sorts of cunning systems for tracking customers and storing their data. 与此同时,餐馆实现了满订率,也获得了高科技支持:这些装备智能App的电子记事本能追踪顾客行踪并储存相应信息。
② Packaging presents items in an alluring way.③ It also keeps them clean and safe to eat. Green types balk at plastic-encased bananas.
包装以一种诱人的方式呈现物品。它还能保持商品的清洁和食用安全。绿色环保人士则反对用塑料包装的香蕉。
第②-③句提到了包装的作用。
allure, 作动词,表示“吸引、引诱”,作名词则是“诱惑;魅力;吸引力”。
《经济学人》2019年1月,讲到美国和墨西哥贸易纷争时,有一句评价:
AS THE TRADE war chips away at its allure, Mexico wants to retain the affection of foreign businesses. 随着贸易战逐渐削弱其吸引力,墨西哥希望保留外国企业对该国的好感。
balk, 作动词,表示to be unwilling to do something or to allow something to happen,多指“犹豫、畏缩不前、反对”。后面常和介词at搭配。在文中交代了绿色环保人士对塑料包装的态度。
举个例子:
Even biology undergraduates may also balk at animal experiments. 即使生物专业的大学生也会反对动物实验。
④But some forms of packaging, especially for meat, can be an environmental boon.
但某些形式的包装,特别是肉类的包装,可能会对环境有利。
第④句则通过转折指出了包装也有好的方面。
boon,作名词,表示something that is very helpful and makes life easier for, 指“好处”,常见搭配有be a boon to/for, 表示“有利于”。
《经济学人》2019年10月,在讲到有关最新预防老年痴呆症研究时,有一句话:
A DRUG THAT slowed the progress of Alzheimer's disease would be both a boon to humanity and a cash cow for the firm that developed it. 一种延缓阿尔茨海默病进展的药物既是人类的福音,也是研发这种疾病的公司的摇钱树。
cash cow,表示“摇钱树”,可见可不是cash tree,可不要望文生义哦。
boon的反义词则是bane, 搭配为be a bane of, 表示“灾祸、不利的方面”。
在写作中,这一对可以用于描写利弊关系,比如:
…is a boon for, not a bane of people, the society/ the world…
⑤A third of food never makes it to the plate according to the UN, costing billions of dollars every year.
根据联合国的数据,三分之一的食物从未上过餐盘,每年造成数十亿美元损失。
第⑤句从数据出发指出了食物的浪费。
cost既可作动词,也可作名词,表示“代价;牺牲;付出”。
这里也可以改写为cost的名词形式。
A third of food never makes it to the plate according to the UN, and total cost of that could be as high as billions of dollars a year.
⑥Taken together, greenhouse-gas emissions from food waste are higher than those of India, Brazil or Saudi Arabia, because chucking out items means the water, fuel, fertilizer and other inputs that went into them are wasted too.
总而言之,食物浪费造成的温室气体排放量高于印度、巴西、沙特三国的排放量,因为丢弃食物意味着投入其中的水、燃料、化肥和其他投入也被浪费了。
第⑥句进一步指出食品垃圾导致的温室气体之高。
take together, 在句子中,经常用来表示段落的总结性用语,表示“总的来说、总体而言”。
《华尔街日报》曾经有一篇文章讲到了人们现在总是用表情符号来发信息,导致了语言现在很难被理解,里面有一句话:
But taken together, the language lacks the grammar, vocabulary, syntax and semantics of a true language. 但总的来说,这种语言缺乏真正语言的语法、词汇、句法和语义。
than those of India, Brazil or Saudi Arabia,这里的those指代的是前面提到的greenhouse-gas emissions.
chuck out,chunk表示“(随便地)扔,抛,甩”,和out组合在一起,就是“扔掉、乱扔”的意思。
据此意思,chunk还有一个表达,我们在生活中很常用,表示“to end a romantic relationship with someone”,指“断绝(恋爱关系);甩掉(某人)”。比如恋爱中的男女,可能有一方会把另一方给甩了,我们举个例子:
He's just chucked his girlfriend. 他刚甩了女朋友。
⑦Such harm to the planet can be reduced if the length of time that food lingers on shelves or in fridges can be extended.
如果食品在货架或冰箱中停留的时间能够延长,那么这种对地球的伤害就可以减少。
第⑦句提出了解决食品浪费的思路。
such(用于名词或名词短语前表示强调)如此,这么。
举个例子:
It was such a small room that the bed only just fit. 那个房间实在太小了,刚够放进去一张床。
再来看if状语从句部分:if the length of time that food lingers on shelves or in fridges can be extended.
that food lingers on shelves or in fridges是定语从句补充过了the length of time.
linger,作动词,表示“停留,逗留;徘徊”。
举个例子:
The smell from the fire still lingered days later. 大火过后好几天还能闻到烧焦的味道。
我们在来看看《金融时报》对中国黄金周的报道,注意体会其中的中文译文:
Hundreds of millions of domestic tourists have boosted China’s economic recovery over its Golden Week national holiday, even as concerns linger over consumer spending. 国庆黄金周期间,数亿国内游客推动了中国经济的复苏,尽管对消费支出的担忧仍然挥之不去。
⑧Packaging is a part of that strategy. How?
包装是这一战略的一部分。那么如何来做呢?
最后一句承接第六句指出了包装是解决肉类等保鲜食品浪费的方法之一,并通过How来引出下文对此的分析。
via 中环双语外刊精读
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