有时题干中带有对解题起着关键作用的词语,如果能迅速找准这些词语,再结合各选项的意义和特点,就能很快选出正确答案。例如:
The Foreign Minister said, “_________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A. This is
B. There is
C. That is
D. It is
【分析】在名词性从句中,that既无词义,也不作句子成分,连接一个句子成分完整的陈述句。根据句意和句子结构,特别是that的暗示,可判断题干为一个含有主语从句的复合句,句首的it为形式主语,真正的主语为其后的that从句,故最佳答案为D。
有些试题的考点本来十分简单,但命题者却通过使用定语从句,或者将我们熟悉的固定词组有意拆分,重新组合,使我们在结构上产生错觉,出现迷惑。这时,我们只要保持清醒的头脑,仔细分析句子的结构,就会拨开迷雾。例如:
We keep in touch _________ writing often.
A. with
B. of
C. on
D. by
【分析】许多同学根据 keep in touch with (与……保持联系) 这一搭配推断出此题应选A。但是选A错了,因为套此搭配此句意思不通,正确答案应是D,by表示方式,by writing意为“通过写信”,全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。
有时将题干的句式转换成自己更熟悉的句式,就很容易选出正确答案。比如将疑问句、强调句、感叹句或倒装句改为陈述句,将被动句改为主动句,无序句调整为正常句。例如:
— Mr. Wang, whom would you rather _________ the important meeting?
— Tom.
A. have attend
B. have attended
C. having attend
D. have to attend
【分析】若将疑问句改为陈述句,就是I would rather have Tom attend the important meeting。其中would rather后必须接动词原形,have sb do sth是“要某人做某事”。所以选A。
口语中常常会使用一些省略句,做题时若将被省略的成分补充完整,答案就会一目了然。例如:
— What do you think made Mary so upset?
— _________ her new bike.
A. As she lost
B. Lost
C. Losing
D. Because of losing
【分析】将答句补全,就是 _________ her new bike made Mary so upset,显然,只能选C,用动名词短语作主语。
就是将起干扰作用的定语从句、介词短语或插入语,如I think / suppose / believe, do you think / suppose / believe, you know, of course等删除,从而更容易地选出正确答案。例如:
It is the ability to do the job _________ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. where
【分析】去掉题干中的not where you come from or what you are,题干即为是一个简单句:The ability to do the job matters. 把主语The ability放在强调结构中,即变为题干,显然最佳答案为B。
就是在做题过程中要善于利用and,but等并列连词。若前面是个句子,后面也必定是个句子,反之亦然;若连接的是几个动词,这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式。例如:
— English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
—Yes. _________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know
B. Knowing
C. To know
D. Known
【分析】因为第二个and后面是一个句子,所以前面也必定是一个句子,但前面这个句子没有主语,只能选用动词原形,构成一个祈使句,因此,正确答案是A。
又如:
On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _________ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought
B. buying
C. to buy
D. buy
【分析】因为and后面是过去式visited,前面也必定是动词的过去式,所以正确答案是A。
标点有时对我们做题有提示作用,不同的标点可能导致选不同的答案,同学们做题时,一定要小心。例如:
There are eight tips in Dr. Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is: _________ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.
A. doesn’t go
B. not to go
C. don’t go
D. not going
【分析】此题很容易选B,认为是用不定式作表语。其实,冒号已经表明后面是Dr. Roger讲的原话,这原话应当是个句子,只有选C才构成一个否定形式的祈使句。
在平时的学习中注意积累一些常见的固定句式、动词与副词的搭配、名词与形容词的搭配等等,对做题十分有利。例如:
Mr. Smith used to smoke _________ but he has given it up.
A. seriously
B. heavily
C. badly
D. hardly
【分析】因为指烟瘾或酒瘾很重,要用heavy或heavily,所以要选B。此外,雨雪下得“大”、烟雾“浓”、交通“拥挤”、波涛“汹涌”等,也用heavy。
有些试题的题干,看上去好像就是固定搭配,我们高兴地完成后,自以为十分有把握,结果却做错了。所以当我们越是遇到十分熟悉的所谓固定搭配时,越要从句子结构上或者句子意思上仔细分析,以免步入命题人设计的陷阱。例如:
Charles Babbage is generally considered _________ the first computer.
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
【分析】考生头脑中有consider doing这一思维定势,易误选D,而题干用了被动语态,为动词不定式作主语补足语的结构。因不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前,用了不定式的完成式,故最佳答案为C。
有时看似有两个句子,于是就选连词,正好掉进命题人设计的陷阱。事实上,有时貌似句子的“句子”却没有谓语,其中的动词只是一个非谓语动词 (多为分词)。例如:
He wrote five novels, two of _________ translated into English.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
【分析】此题很容易误选答案C,以为后面是非限制性定语从句。事实上,translated是过去分词,而不是谓语动词,后面不是句子,无需连词,所以正确答案是B。若在translated前加上were,were translated就是谓语,这时就选连词which了。
若经查实,前后的确是两个句子,就要看其中的一个分句是否已经用了连词。若已经有连词,一般不再用连词;若还没有用连词,就一定要选连词。例如:
If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, _________ means many more people in the world can enjoy it.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
【分析】因为前句已经有连词if,所以选答案D,that指前句所述内容。若没有if,就选B,which引导一个非限制性定语从句。
有的句型十分相似,若不仔细分辨,明察秋毫,很容易出错。例如:
_________ is known to everybody, light travels much faster than sound.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
【分析】此题选B,as引导一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是后面整个句子。若将逗号改为that,就选A,it是形式主语,that引导主语从句;若接着又在that前加上一个is,则应选D,what引导的是主语从句,that引导的是表语从句。
有时孤立地看留空格的那个句子,好像多个答案都可以,但与上下句的意思联系起来,就会发现问题。因此,做题时一定要正确把握语境。例如:
I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with _________.
A. everything
B. anything
C. something
D. nothing
【分析】此题很容易误选B,因为这是个否定句。若选B,I don’t agree with anything. 就等于I agree with nothing (of what you said),这就与前一分句的意思发生矛盾了。正确答案应该是A。
根据复合句和并列句的知识,句子与句子之间有着不同的逻辑关系,或是从属关系,或是并列关系。从句子的意义和逻辑关系来看,从句可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、比较、方式等,句子之间还可以是限定关系、同位关系、并列关系、递进关系、让步关系、转折关系等。分析句子之间的逻辑关系的主要依据是句意和上下文之间的逻辑。如:
I don’t mind drop in at your house when in town. _________, the walk will do me good.
A. Sooner or later
B. Still
C. In time
D. Besides
【分析】根据句意,第二个分句表示递进关系,用Besides。故最佳答案为 D。
在比较几个选项时,可以先排除明显错误的选项,尽而逐渐排除其他错误项,找到最佳答案。
Before the operation, the doctor had to talk to the patient in order to remove her fear _________ she might die during the operation.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. so that
【分析】从两个分句之间的关系判断,没有因果关系,可先排除so that;由于第 2 个分句中不缺少句子成分,又排除了定语从句即选项A和C,只有B为最佳答案。fear之后的that引导同位语从句,对fear的内容进行补充和说明。
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