高考英语语法专题 倒装句
高考英语语法专题 倒装句
知识要点
主语和谓语有两种顺序:一是主语在前,叫自然语序;反之,如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序,又分全部倒装和部分倒装;全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前,部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前;
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考点诠释
把谓语全部提到主语前面,叫全部倒装;主要有:
1.以here,there,out,in,up,down,away等副词开头,谓语动词多为be,come,go等,则须用全部倒装;如:
There flows a fiver at the foot of the mountain.山脚下有—条河;
2.以then,now,thus开头,谓语动词多为come,follow,begin,end,be,主语又是名词/名词词组,则用全部倒装若主语是代词,则不能倒装;如:
Now comes your turn该你了
3.当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词be,come,sit,live,stand,lie,exist等时,常用全部倒装;如:
On the ground lay an old man,who was dying.地上躺着一位老人,奄奄一息;
4.such作表语,置于句首,表示“这样的人/事物;上述的人/事物”;be动词须与后面的主语保持一致;如:
Such is their decision.他们的决定就是这样;
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考点诠释
只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面,叫部分倒装;主要有:
1.在疑问句中须部分倒装;但在疑问词作主语的特殊疑问句里,不用倒装;如:
①Does he speak Chinese他说中国话吗
②Who is in this room谁在这个房间里
2.用于以so,nor,neither开头的句子,表示重复前句的部分内容,须部分倒装,且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致,但“so+主语+do”结构则表示对别人所说的
情况加以肯定,它的主语与上文的主语相同,so相当于indeed,certainly;如:
①Mary has learned by heart 200 words,and so have I.玛丽已经记住了200个单词,我也是这样;
②一The girls study hard.这些女孩学习刻苦;
一so they do.她们的确如此;
3.never,seldom,not only,rarely,scarcely,in no way等否定或半否定词开头的句中用部分倒装;如:
Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.我想象不到会看到这样美妙的景色;
4.only置于句首修饰状语副词、介词短语或状语从句等时用部分倒装;如:
Only after the anaesthetist gave the patient an anaesthetic could the operation be conducted.只有在麻醉师给病人实施麻醉以后,手术才能进行;
5.在so…that,such…that句型中,当so,such引导的结构置于句首时须用部分倒装;如:
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他说话声音那样大,隔壁屋里的人都能听见;
6.在hardly…when,no sooner…than,not until句型中,主句须部分倒装;如:
Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.他一到,天就下起雪来了;
7.as引导的让步状语从句结构为:形容词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语;如: ;
①Tired as he was,he stayed up late.他虽然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡;
②Explain as I might,I could not make myself understood.尽管我已经解释了,但我还是不被理解;
③Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子,可他知道很多;注意开头的名词前无冠词
8.在省略了if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should置于句首;如:
Were I in your position,1 would not go.我要是在你的位置上,我是不会去的;
9.however,no matter how引导的让步状语从句;如:
However hard he worked,he couldn’t solve the problem.不管多努力,他就是解决不了那个问题;
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图文:方琨
编辑:方琨
审核:陈修伟
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