一. “leave +宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构
在该结构中leave 表示“让…… 处于(某种状态、某地等)”其后通常接宾语+宾补(宾语补足语)
其中宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、介词短语等充当。其常见结构归纳如下:
1)leave + 宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语
Don’t leave the door open.别让门开着。
Don’t leave the computer on when you go out.你出去时别让计算机一直开着。
He hurried home, leaving his keys in the office.他匆忙赶回家,把钥匙忘在了办公室。
2)leave + 宾语+现在分词,表示使某人或某物一直处于某种状态。其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系(主动)
Don’t leave me waiting outside too long别让我等太久。
3)leave + 宾语+过去分词,表示宾语所处的状态或动作已经完成。其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系(被动)
The bad weather left the project half finished .糟糕的天气使工程只完成了一半。
4)leave + 宾语+名词
His parents died two years ago, leaving him an orphan.他的父母两年前去世了,他成了一个孤儿。
二.“make + 宾语+宾语补足语”结构
在此用作使役动词,其宾语是名词或代词,宾语补足语用名词、形容词、不带to的动词不定式、过去分词等。
1)make+名词/代词+名词,表示“使某人/某物成为……’,如果宾补表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词,其前不用冠词。
Make your enemy your friend. 化敌为友。
We made him captain of our team. 我们让他当队长。
2)make+名词/代词+形容词,表示“使某人/某物……”;
She has won the game, which made her parents proud.她赢得了比赛,这让她的父母感到骄傲。
3)make+名词/代词+省略to的动词不定式,表示“使某人/某物做某事”。注意:该结构用于被动语态时,被省略的不定式符号要还原。
What he said made all of us laugh. 他的话让我们都大笑起来。
被动语态:All of us were made to laugh by what he said.
4)make+名词/代词+过去分词,表示“使某人/某物被…”
I speak slowly to make myself understood.我说得很慢,以便别人能听懂我的话。
5)当宾语是不定式或从句时,多用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语后置,构成“make it +n./adj +to do sth./that...结构。
The man made it clear that he wouldn’t accept the task.这个人说得很清楚,他不会接受这个任务。
三. keep+宾语+宾语补足语
此结构表示”使…保持…”。该结构的常见结构如下:
1) keep+ sb./sth. + 形容词/副词
I was too tired to keep my eyes open.我累得眼睛都睁不开了。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.谚语:一天一苹果,医生远离我。
2) keep+ sb./sth. +名词
I want to keep the thing a secret between us.我想让这件事成为我们俩之间的一个秘密。
3) keep+ sb./sth. +介词短语
A cold kept him in bed for a week.感冒使他卧床一周。
4) keep+ sb./sth. +现在分词(表主动)
I’m really sorry to have kept you waiting outside for so long.实在不好意思,让你在外面等了那么久。
5)keep+ sb./sth. +过去分词(表被动)
I hope you will keep me informed of how you are getting on with your work.我希望你能使我了解你的工作进展如何。
四 “get+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
get在此结构中意为“使,让”
该结构的形式如下:
get+宾语+done 使...被做
get+ 宾语+doing 使...做某事
get+ 宾语+ to do =let/have/make+ 宾语+do(让……做某事 )
get+ 宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语(让……处于某种状态)
I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.我明天要去理发。
I got my leg broken while playing football.我踢足球时把腿摔断了。
Can you get the machine running?你能把这台机器发动起来吗?
I will get someone to repair my bike.=I will have someone repair my bike.我要让人修理我的自行车。
Don’t get your dress dirty! 别把你的连衣裙弄脏了!
Get these chairs outdoors, please. 请把这些椅子搬到外面去。
五 “have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
该结构中have意为“让,使”
have sb. do sth 让某人做某事
have sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事
have sth. done 让某事被做,让…遭遇某事
I had my hair cut yesterday.昨天我去剪了发。
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