大学英语语法笔记整理

（一）与“as/so＋形容词（副词）原级＋as”有关的结构

（二）与more或less等比较级形式有关的结构

这类词组常有：more than...（超过、非常），more... than...（与其……倒不如……），more than... can（使……难以……），more often than not（往往、多半），no more（不再），no more than（仅仅、只有），no more... than...（同样不……），more or less（或多或少、大体上），nothing more or less than（完全是），less than（毫不），less... than...（与其……不如……），much less（更不用说）等；另外还有：no sooner than（一……就……），no longer（不再）等。例如：

8．I’m more than willing to help you．

我非常愿意帮助你。

9．She is more mad than stupid．

与其说她愚蠢，倒不如说她疯狂。

10．The beauty of our city is more than I can describe.

我们城市的美丽让我难以描述。

11．When it is windy, the planes are late more often than not.

刮大风时，飞机往往晚点。

12．The ship sank and was seen no more.

船沉了，再也看不见了。

13．Tom is no more than 10 years old.

汤姆仅仅只有10岁。

14．Jerry is no more capable of speaking French than I am.

杰瑞和我一样不会讲法语。

15．I’ve more or less finished reading the book.

我差不多已经看完了这本书。

16．Tom forgot to write down his name — it was nothing more or less than carelessness.

汤姆忘记写名字了——这完全是粗心所致。

17．The waiter was less than helpful when the guests arrived.

当客人到达时，那个服务员什么忙也不帮。

18．She is less hurt than frightened.

她与其说是受伤了，倒不如说是吓坏了。

19．They would not take a drink，much less stay for dinner.

他们连饮料都不喝，更不用说留下来吃饭了。

20．No sooner had I closed my eyes than I fell asleep.

我一合眼就睡着了。

21．We can no longer afford to stay here.

我们再也没钱住这里了。

（三）比较句式

英语中的比较句式建构庞大，复杂多变，往往差之毫厘，谬以千里。它包括比较级，强势比较，否定式比较，递增或递减式比较。

1. 比较级

在比较级中，有超越、相等、差逊三个级别。

（1）超越

① better than: 胜过，优于

Doing is better than saying.百说不如一做。

② more than＋从句。多余，超过

She has talked more than what is necessary. 她说了一些多余的话

③ “than＋关系代词”的从句。 再 …… 不过。

He is a scholar than whom no man ever will be more honest.

他是个再诚实不过的学者了。

（2）相等

① as … as 如……一样

As busy as a bee.忙得不可开交

② as well as 既 …… 又，和……一样

Pompey, as well as Caesar, was a great man.像恺撒一样，庞培也是一位伟人。

③ the same as… 像……一样

The same as the past.一如从前。

④ such/so…as 像……一样

Such a great poet as Homer was proficient not just in literature but also in history.像荷马那样的诗人，不仅要精通文学，还要精通历史。

⑤ no sooner than.. 一……就（几乎同时，夸张用法）。

no sooner said than done 说到做到

⑥ No more than. 就像，不优于

You’re no more capable of speaking French than I am.你我都不会说日语。

（3）差逊

① inferior to 比……差，逊于……

She in to some degree inferior to him in literary. 她比他在文学上稍逊风骚。

② less than 少于，不到

It rains less in Jinan than in Hangzhou. 济南的降雨比杭州少。

③ “差逊”中的形容词或副词可以转换成反义词，再按“超越”的路子来翻译，这在翻译中叫做“词义的转换”。

The sky started to grow lighter and the shadow in the little town less dark.

天色渐渐发白，小镇里的阴影处也慢慢亮了起来。

2　递增或递减

(1) 最……最……；最高级……最高级。

He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes. 犯错最少的将军就是最好的将军。

(2) as well as 不仅……，也……（强调在前）

She can speak Japanese as well as English. 她不仅能说英语，还能说日语

（3）More and more ，ever more……，growing……，increasingly, on the increase. 越来越…… ，与日俱增。

He becomes more and more irritated by her selfish behavior. 他对她的自私的行为越来越恼火。

He seems ever more nervous during the job interview. 他在招聘面试中似乎越来越紧张。

（4）more than 不仅……；而且有余。

The reservoir can more than make up for the shortage of rainfall.水库里的水不仅可补雨水之缺，还绰绰有余。

（5）no less than 不但……，而且……。

He is no less apt at dance  than language .他不仅善于学习语言，而且善于舞蹈。

（6）The more……，the more……. The sooner……, the better. The more……, the better.

The more one has，the more one wants. 越富越贪。

3.　强势比较结构

（1）far ,much, considerable, appreciably, lots, a lot, a good deal, a great deal＋比较级。译作：远比……得多，远胜于……。

In a sense, translation is considerably more difficult than composition. 在某种意义上，翻译比写作要难。

（2）more＋比较级。译作：越……，越……。

The more admonished, the more worse.越劝越醉。

（3）more＋本该加er的原级。

This is a more sounder resolution.这是一个合理的解决方案。

（4）more than＋原级。分外，荣幸。

You do me more than proud.我不胜荣幸。

（5）still（even）＋比较级。译作：更加……，倍加……。

The Chinese flowering crabapple looks still even more charming against the green leaves.在绿叶的映衬下，海棠花显得更加娇艳。

（6）主语＋as …… as＋相同主语。译作：不仅……，而且……。

She’s as successful an actress as she is a singer.她当演员和当歌手一样成功。

（7）强化最高级的词或词组。

By far（the best）译作：与其说……，不如说……。

4．否定式比较结构

（1）比较级＋名词＋than＋被比较的名词，比较级＋of＋名词＋than＋被比较的名词，more likely than，rather a …… than a…… 。译作：与其说……，不如说……。

It sounds more a lyric than a song.它与其说是歌词，不如说是一首抒情诗。

He is more of a strategist than of a tactician.与其说是个战术家，不如说是个战略家。

She is more likely his fiancee than his girlfriend.与其说她是他的女友，不如说是他的未婚妻。

He is rather a poet than a calligrapher. 他与其说是个书法家，不如说是个诗人。

（2）比较级＋名词＋than＋名词。译作：空有……，而无……。

more praise than pudding 口惠而实不至

（3）比较级＋介词＋than＋介词。译作：有……，而无……。

More of word than of deed.（光说不做）

（4）比较级＋分词＋than＋分词。译作：没有……，倒是……。

The child was more frightened than hurt.孩子没有受伤，倒是受了些惊吓。

（5）比较级＋than＋原级。译作：有余……不足……。

He seems more cautious than decisive.他显得谨慎有余，而果断不足。

（6）定词＋than（介词）。译作：并不。

She is no more plentiful than him in learning.

她并不比他有学问。

（7）more than＋不定式。译作：虽然……，还不至于……。

I’m wiser than to believe him. 我还没傻到相信他的地步。

（8）more than＋动词。译作：毫不……。

The teacher more than hinted at his flaws.老师毫不讳言指出了他的毛病。

（9）more…than…。译作：与其说……，不如说……。

（10）more than＋名词。译作：非……所能……。

More than words can describe.非语言所能形容。