1. if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反，从句中谓语动词用过去完成时表示。与现在事实相反，从句中谓语动词用一般过去时表示。与将来事实可能相反，从句中谓语动词用过去将来时表示。 【考例1】 Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005. A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen解析：D。句意：如果不是政府和科学家共同努力的话，艾滋病的死亡率就不会从2005年的最高点降下来。此句中将条件句的if省略，并将had提前，构成倒装。主句用“would have done”形式表示对过去情况的虚拟。【考例2】 We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. A. are B. were C. will be D. would be解析：D。如果你没有丢掉地图，我们现在就回到宾馆了。主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟，谓语动词应为：would/should/could/might+do结构。 2. 错综时间条件句(混合条件句)：通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。【考例1】 If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ______ able to speak it much better now. A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been 解析：B。要是以前他能多花些时间练习说英语，现在就能说得更好些了。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，谓语用had done，而主句则是对现在(now)事实的一种假设，用would+动词原形。【考例2】 If it ______ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. A. had not been B. should not be C. were not to be D. should not have been解析：A。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。If从句是对过去事实的虚拟，使用过去完成时，而主句则表示与现在事实相反。 3. 含蓄条件句(暗含条件句)：有些句子中，没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但却用虚拟语气，要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么隐含在上下文中。1) 用otherwise, or, but等暗示前面的条件。2) 用with, without, but for等介词短语表达条件。【考例1】 —Do you have Betty’s phone number?—Yes. Otherwise, I ________ able to reach her yesterday.A. hadn’t B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be解析：B。——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则，昨天我就不能联系到她了。根据题干中的yesterday可知，此处是对过去发生的事情的假设，故应用would have done形式。【考例2】 Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ______his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written解析：D。 如果没有他的战争经历，海明威也不会写出名作A Farewell to Arms。表示对过去事实的虚拟。 4. if省略句：在条件句中可省略if，把were, should或had 移到从句句首，进行倒装。【考例】 ______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it解析：B。句意：没有老师们的支持，这个学生不可能克服她的困难。根据题干中的the student could not overcome可知，此处是对现在事实的假设，be动词在虚拟语气中常用were。当虚拟语气中if引导的条件句省略了if时，从句部分应使用倒装结构。
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虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
【考例1】 Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ______ at the age of six months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is解析：B。recommend后接从句省略should，直接用be。 【考例2】 My mom suggests that we ______ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would解析：A。表示建议的suggest后接可省略should的宾语从句。 【考例3】 —Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.—I wish they ______ always late. A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been解析：A。“孩子们在哪里？这顿饭彻底毁了。” “我希望他们不要总是迟到。”从Where are the children?可知，说话人指现在。根据动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的用法可知，表示与现在事实相反的情况时，从句用一般过去时。
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虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用
1. 在it is (high) time (that)…句型中，从句谓语动词用过去式或“should+动词原形”。【考例】 Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he ______ something instead of just talking.A. will do B. has done C. do D. did解析：D。在句型 It’s high time that…中， 从句中的谓语动词用did或should do。 2. would rather+从句。在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。 【考例】 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 解析：B。乔治打算谈论他国家的地理，但是我宁愿他更关注它的文化。would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，用动词的一般过去时。 3. as if (as though), even if(even though)等引导的表语从句和状语从句中的应用。其用法同if引导的条件状语从句。【考例】 Don’t handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel. A. is B. were C. has been D. had been解析：B。对现在的虚拟用were。 4. 虚拟语气在口语交际中省略的应用 【考例】 —It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ______. A. hadn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. don’t解析：A。如果我们不带伞的话就淋湿了。与过去事实相反，从句用hadn’t done。
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