SV结构的类型
1 主语+谓语
这个结构中的谓语通常是不及物性的动词或短语动词。
Every penny counts. 每一分钱都很重要。
Dinosaurs still exist. 恐龙仍然存在。
Chances appear and disappear. 机会出现,之后又消失。
Everything makes sense. 一切事情都有意义。
Children will grow up. 孩子会长大的。
The computer system broke down. 电脑系统崩溃了。
Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.
法律院校的巨额债务意味着这些学生必须极其卖力地工作。
2 主语+谓语+宾语
这个结构的谓语通常是及物性的动词或短语动词。
Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。
Constant dropping wears the stone. 滴水穿石。
Truth and roses have thorns about them. 真理和玫瑰一样,旁边都有刺。
He never laughs at other people. 他从不嘲笑别人。
The government has set up a public complaints hotline. 政府设立了群众举报热线。
I look forward to your reply. 我期待你的回复。
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. 人人都喜欢丰厚的加薪。(2005)
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. 大脑造影的证据支持了以上观点。(2005)
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk. (2007)
如果检查一下2006年世界杯足球锦标赛所有参赛运动员的出生证明,你很可能会发现一个值得注意的怪现象。
In the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. (2012)
在日常的科学研究中,发现通常遵循一种模糊复杂的路径。
These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science. (2014)
据称,据称资助者已经在其从事的各个领域获得成功,他们想通过自己的财富让人们关注那些在科学领域有所成就的人。
But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. (2007)
新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律,而这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解。
此外,这个结构中的谓语动词还可以跟反身代词(oneself)作宾语或同源宾语。
跟反身代词构成的短语:(动词+反身代词+介词)
abandon oneself to… 沉溺于…,陷入…
accustom oneself to… 习惯于…
adapt oneself to… 适应于…
devote oneself to… 奉献于…
throw oneself into… 投身于…,积极从事…
addict oneself to… 对…上瘾
lose oneself in… 沉迷于…,专心致志于…
apply oneself to… 努力投身于…
absorb oneself in… 全神贯注于…
bury oneself in… 专心致志于…
adjust oneself to… 调整以适应于…
absent oneself from… 缺席…
busy oneself with… 忙于…
pride oneself on… 为…而骄傲
She always prides herself on her appearance. 她总是自负美貌。
常见的同源宾语结构:
smile a …smile, die a …death, dream a ...dream, sigh a ...sigh, live a ...life,
sleep a …sleep, sing a …song, fight a …fight, laugh a …laugh, breathe a …breath
She smiled an elegant smile. 她优雅地笑了。
3 主语+系动词+表语
这个结构和结构2的区别在于表语和主语是有一定关系的,表语通常是描述主语的特征和状态的,而宾语和主语通常是不存在直接关系的。而且这个结构中的谓语必须是连系动词,英语中的连系动词是有一定数量的。下面就是英语中常见的连系动词:
1)动词be (作为连系动词,动词be在多数情况下是可以译作“是”的;切记作为连系动词的be和进行时态或被动语态中的be是不一样的,后者属于助动词,本身是没有意义的)
2)表感官的连系动词 (look 看起来, sound 听起来, smell 闻起来, taste 尝起来, feel 摸起来,感觉)
3)表示“变得,变为,变成”的连系动词 (become, get, turn, grow, go, fall, come)
4)表示“保持”的连系动词 (keep, stay, remain, lie)
5)表示“似乎、碰巧、结果”的连系动词 (seem, appear; happen; turn out, prove)
An old man in a house is a good sign. 家有一老,如有一宝。
Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
Some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power. (2006)
一些美国人害怕居住在美国境内的移民在某种程度上对这个国家的同化作用仍然是免疫的。
It’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner. (2008)
只是由于她们应对的事情太多,所以她们会更快、更明显地变得疲劳。
Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share--that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts--and reveal its erroneous nature. (2011)
艾伦的贡献在于提出了我们大家都认同的假设--我们不是机器人,因此能够控制自己的思维--并且指出了这个假设是错误的。
4 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
这个结构中大部分情况下,如果直接宾语如果不是代词,也可以转换为“主语+谓语+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”,而且这个结构中的谓语通常是表示“给予、发送、取得”等意义的动词,语法书上称之为“授予动词”或“双宾动词”。
常见的跟to的双宾动词:
lend, send, pass, hand, pay, bring, take, give, teach, offer, owe, sell, tell, leave, show, award, read, return, throw, mail, post, serve, grant等。
常见的跟for的双宾动词:
buy, make, find, order, book, cook, choose, fetch, get, prepare, spare, steal, save, fix, draw, sing, pick等。
The Internet brings us many new challenges. 因特网给我们带来很多新的挑战。
The Internet brings many new challenges to us.
As volunteers, we can buy meals for healthcare workers.
作为志愿者,我们可以为医疗工作人员买饭。(情态动词和后面的动词共同作谓语)
It gives a basis to all organization which seeks to promote the learning and very different operating environment. (2017)
这给所有致力于推广英语学习的机构创造出一个完全不同的操作环境并提供了基础。
When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture --he grants himself permission to be human, he reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. (2014)
当他因搞砸一场演讲而倍感郁闷时,他会告诉自己这是正常的事情,提醒自己:并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔奖,总会有一些演讲的效果不及其他。
此外,有的双宾动词须用于“主语+谓语+间接宾语+介词+直接宾语”这一结构中,如:remind sb of sth, inform sb of sth, rob sb of sth, warn sb of sth, convince sb of sth, provide sb with sth, supply sb with sth等。
极少数的双宾动词只能用于“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”这一种结构,如:allow sb sth, ask sb sth, cause sb sth, charge sb sth, cost sb sth, envy sb sth等。
5 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
这个结构和结构4的区别在于双宾语之间不存在任何联系,而宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明,通常情况下,宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系。宾语和宾语补足语合在一起可以称作复合宾语。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只学习不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。
All play and no work makes Jack a mere boy. 只玩耍不学习,聪明孩子没出息。
The government encourages families to have a second child. 政府鼓励家庭生养二胎。
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. (2008)
有关人类和动物的研究都表明,性激素会以某种方式影响压力反应,使雌性在承受压力时比处于同等条件下的雄性分泌更多触发反应的化学物质。
Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.
接下来的改革可能会使费用更加合理。
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