体育运动方面英语翻译

英语四六级翻译涉及的话题范围较广。其包括文化，经济，教育，艺术，科技，社会等等，这就对大家的词汇量有了较高的要求。日常复习中我们也要提前储备一些常考话题材料和相关词汇表达。

● 原文

乒乓球在中国是一项颇受欢迎和推崇的运动。长期以来，它的确是中国唯一的运动，似乎集足球、篮球和棒球于一身，但却更受欢迎。

任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一个球、一张桌子和一张网而已，这些都易于临时拼凑。

人们可以在休息间隙或消磨时间时打兵兵球。在中国的学校、工厂甚至某些公司里，都能找到乒兵球桌。

参考翻译

Table tennis is a sport that gains much popularity and praise in China. For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football, basketball, and baseball all rolled into one, but it was more popular. 

Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to be improvised. 

People can play it when taking a break or killing time. You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories, or even some companies all over China.

难点点拨

1.乒乓球在中国是一项颇受欢迎和推崇的运动：“颇受欢迎和推崇”可译为 which引导的定语从句，用 gain much popularity and praise 表达。

2.长期以来，它的确是中国唯一的运动，似乎集足球、篮球和棒球于一身，但却更受欢迎：“集…于一身”是固定短语，可译为set...all rolled into one。

3.所需的只是一副拍子、一个球、一张桌子和一张网而已，这些都易于临时拼凑:整句可译为主系表结构。“所需的”可翻译为all required，翻译表语“一副拍子、一个球、一张桌子和一张网”时需要注意，球和球拍通常放在一起，桌子和桌网则是一对，“一副拍子”可译为a pair of paddles，故表语部分可译为a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net。需要注意像这种“一副；一条”等整体名词，必须用复数，如a pair of glasses (一副眼镜），a pair of trousers(一条裤子)等。

4.这些都易于临时拼凑:可译为which引导的定语从句，即which are easy to be improvised；improvise意为“临时凑合；即兴表演”，因此无需增加temporarily (临时地)。

● 原文

提到中国体育不能不说乒乓球。乒乓球为中国贏得了无数个世界冠军(championship)，给国人带来无穷的喜悦与自豪感。

此外，乒乓球一直是中国人最喜爱的运动之一。无论在学校、社区(residential areas)，还是公园、广场，都可以看到乒乓球和人们挥拍的身影。

上至花甲老人，下至年幼孩童都可以挥上几拍，这也是乒乓球被称为中国国球的另一原因。

参考翻译

When it comes to China sports, we cannot avoid mentioning table tennis. This sport has helped China win countless world championships, bringing Chinese people a lot of happiness and a sense of pride. 

In addition, table tennis has always been one of the favorite sports of the Chinese people. You will see table tennis and its players everywhere, no matter in schools, residential areas, parks, or squares. 

Both elder people and children are able to play it more or less. This is another reason why it is called the "Chinese National Ball"。

难点点拨

1. 第1句“提到中国体育不能不说乒乓球”可套用句型When…we cannot avoid mentioning sth.来表达“当……时不能不说……”的意思。该句中“提到”和“说”意义相近，翻译时应避免用词重复。“提到”用短语when it comes to来表达，也可通俗地说成when we talk about…。

2. 第2句中“贏得了……”和“带来……”为并列结构，翻译时，可将其直译为and连接的并列结构，也可将后半句译成现在分词短语bringing Chinese people a lot of happiness and a sense of pride，作伴随状语。

3. 第4句中的“都可以看到乒乓球和人们挥拍的身影”这个句子中，主语因约定俗成而省略，这种“无主语句”在汉语中频频出现，翻译成英文时往往要根据主语的重要性进行相应补全或译成无主语的被动句，此处宜将主语you补充出来。该句中“挥拍的身影”省译更符合英语表达习惯，只需译出“看到乒乓球和人们”即可。

4. 最后一句中的“花甲老人”和“年幼孩童”分别用elder people和children来表达即可，不必译出“花甲”、“年幼”二词。在处理一些为了行文需要而存在的中文表达时，应采取“减词”的翻译策略，否则译文反而显得累赘或违背英语表达习惯。

原文

蹴鞠是中国古代的一项球类运动，很可能产生于先秦时期。竞技性蹴鞠运动主要用于士兵的体能训练，而其他方式的蹴鞠运动则是流行于民间的娱乐方式。

蹴鞠在汉朝时已非常流行，在唐宋时期达到顶峰，并发展出多种玩法。

然而到了明代，蹴鞠在军队中被禁止，因为皇上认为沉溺于蹴鞠运动会破坏军人士气。

尽管如此，该禁令并未改变蹴鞠的娱乐性质，这项运动仍然在民间流行。清代中叶以后，随着现代足球的传入，中国传统的蹴鞠运动被现代足球取代。

2004年，国际足联确认足球的最早形式是蹴鞠。2006年，蹴鞠经国务院批准列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

参考翻译

Cujuis a ball game in ancient China that probably came into existence during the pre-Qin period. The competitive form of cuju mainly served as fitness training for soldiers, while other forms were prevalent among the commoners for entertainment. 

In the Han Dynasty, the sport of cuju became very popular. During the Tang and Song dynasties, cuju reached its zenith and evolved into several different ways to play. 

However, cuju was banned in the army during the Ming Dynasty, as the emperors worried excessive indulgence in the game would corrupt the morale of the soldiers. 

But the ban didn’t change the recreational nature of the sport, which was still popular among the people. With the introduction of modern football after the Mid-Qing Dynasty, the traditional Chinese cuju game was replaced by its modern counterpart. 

Cuju was recognized by FIFA in 2004 as the earliest form of football. In 2006, cuju was added to the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List by the State Council.

难点点拨

1 “蹴鞠运动”在本句中出现两次，因结构一致，第二处“蹴鞠运动”在翻译时可以省略。另外，句中的“流行”译成了prevalent，以体现用词的变化。

2 这里将“这项运动仍然在民间流行”翻译成了非限定性定语从句，和原句中的功能相当。当然，也可以翻译为独立的单句The game was still popular among the people。

3句中的“现代足球”与中国古代的蹴鞠属于同类运动，将“被现代足球取代”译为replaced by its modern counterpart十分贴切。当然，也可翻译为replaced by modern football。

原文

参考翻译

Chinese martial arts, also known as kung fu, are an important part of traditional Chinese culture. As a precious cultural heritage, Chinese martial arts boast a long history and exert a deep-rooted influence among the people. 

Martial arts stemmed from the need for self-defense, hunting, and military training in ancient China. At present, people practice martial arts for a variety of purposes: self-defense, competition, entertainment, as well as mental and physical health. 

With the increasing international cultural exchanges, Chinese martial arts are getting more and more popular with foreigners. Many foreigners come to China to learn Chinese kung fu. 

In recent years, China made a series of martial arts films, which have extended the influence of Chinese martial arts and helped it advance to the world. Chinese martial arts have become one of the important ways to spread Chinese culture.

难点点拨

1. “功夫”一词已被收入英语词典，因此不宜用拼音翻译。

2.  句中“源远流长”指的是历史悠久，因此翻译为boast a long history。“影响根深蒂固”是主谓结构，在翻译时转译为adeep-rooted influence，更符合英语表达习惯。

3. 本句的重点信息是“中国拍摄了一系列武侠电影”，后面的“扩大了中华武术的影响，对中华武术走向世界起到了推动作用”是对这些电影的进一步说明。从英语行文的结构上来看，将后面的内容翻译为定语从句十分合适。