英文科技论文写作样式指南-常用物理量符号
本文英文内容摘自
"Anne M. Coghill, Lorrin R. Garson. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006"
第二部分(Part 2. Style Guidelines)
第13章(13. Conventions in Chemistry)
第277–283页
Symbols for Commonly Used Physical Quantities |
常用物理量符号 |
Atoms and Molecules |
原子和分子 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
NAME |
名称 |
SYMBOL(符号) |
SI UNIT(SI单位) |
|
Atomic mass |
原子质量 |
ma |
kg |
|
Atomic mass constant |
原子质量常数 |
mu |
kg |
|
Atomic number |
原子序数 |
Z |
dimensionless |
|
Decay constant |
衰变常数 |
λ |
s–1 |
|
Electron rest mass |
电子静止质量 |
me |
kg |
|
Electronic term |
电子项 |
Te |
m–1 |
|
Elementary charge (of a proton) |
(质子的)基元电荷 |
e |
C |
|
g factor, g value |
g因子,g值 |
g |
dimensionless |
|
Ionization energy |
电离能 |
Ei, I |
J |
|
Magnetogyric ratio |
磁旋比 |
γ |
s–1·T–1 |
|
Mass number |
质量数 |
A |
dimensionless |
|
Neutron number |
中子数 |
N |
dimensionless |
|
Nucleon number |
核子数 |
A |
dimensionless |
|
Planck constant |
普朗克常数 |
h |
J·s |
|
Planck constant/2π |
普朗克常数/2π |
ℏ |
J·s |
|
Proton number |
质子数 |
Z |
dimensionless |
|
Proton rest mass |
质子静止质量 |
mp |
kg |
|
Rotational constants |
转动常数 |
A, B, C |
m–1 |
|
Rotational term |
转动项 |
F |
m–1 |
|
Total angular momentum component |
总角动量分量 |
mj, mJ |
dimensionless |
|
Total term |
总项 |
T |
m–1 |
|
Unified atomic mass unit |
统一原子质量单位 |
mu |
kg |
|
Vibrational quantum number |
振动量子数 |
v |
dimensionless |
|
Vibrational term |
振动项 |
G |
m–1 |
|
Chemical Kinetics |
化学动力学 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
NAME |
名称 |
SYMBOL(符号) |
SI UNIT(SI单位) |
|
Boltzmann constant |
玻尔兹曼常数 |
k, kB |
J/K, J·K–1 |
|
Energy of activation; Arrhenius or activation energy |
活化能 |
E, Ea, EA |
J/mol, J·mol–1 |
|
Half-life |
半衰期 |
t1/2 |
s |
|
Photochemical yield |
光化学产率 |
φ |
dimensionless |
|
Quantum yield |
量子产率 |
φ |
dimensionless |
|
Rate constant, first order |
一级速率常数 |
k |
s–1 |
|
Rate constant, second order |
二级速率常数 |
k |
mol–1·s–1 |
|
Rate of concentration change of substance B |
物质B的浓度变化速率 |
rB |
mol/(m3·s), mol·m–3·s–1 |
|
Rate of conversion |
转化率 |
ζ |
mol/s, mol·s–1 |
|
Rate of reaction |
反应速率 |
v |
mol/(m3·s), mol·m–3·s–1 |
|
Relaxation time |
弛豫时间 |
τ |
s |
|
Scattering angle |
散射角 |
θ |
rad |
|
Standard enthalpy of activation |
标准活化焓 |
Δ‡H°, ΔH ‡ |
J/mol, J·mol–1 |
|
Standard entropy of activation |
标准活化熵 |
Δ‡S°, ΔS ‡ |
J/(mol·K), J·mol–1·K–1 |
|
Standard Gibbs energy of activation |
标准吉布斯活化能 |
Δ‡G°, ΔG ‡ |
J/mol, J·mol–1 |
|
Standard internal energy of activation |
标准活化内能 |
Δ‡U°, ΔU ‡ |
J/mol, J·mol–1 |
|
Temperature, absolute |
绝对温度 |
T |
K |
|
Thermal energy |
热能 |
kT |
J |
|
Volume of activation |
活化体积 |
Δ‡V, ΔV ‡ |
J/mol, J·mol–1 |
|
Electricity and Magnetism |
电和磁 |
NAME |
名称 |
SYMBOL(符号) |
SI UNIT(SI单位) |
Capacitance |
电容 |
C |
C/V, C·V–1, F |
Charge density |
电荷密度 |
ρ |
C/m3, C·m–3 |
Conductance |
电导 |
G |
S |
Conductivity |
电导率 |
κ |
S/m, S·m–1 |
Dielectric polarization |
电介质极化 |
P |
C/m2, C·m–2 |
Electric charge |
电荷 |
Q |
C |
Electric current |
电流 |
I |
A |
Electric current density |
电流密度 |
j |
A/m2, A·m–2 |
Electric dipole moment |
电偶极矩 |
p, μ |
C m |
Electric displacement |
电位移 |
D |
C/m2, C·m–2 |
Electric field strength |
电场强度 |
E |
V/m, V·m–1 |
Electric potential |
电势 |
V, φ |
V, J/C, J·C–1 |
Electric potential difference |
电势差 |
U, ΔV, Δφ |
V |
Electric resistance |
电阻 |
R |
Ω |
Electric susceptibility |
电极化强度 |
χe |
dimensionless |
Electromagnetic moment |
电磁矩 |
μ, m |
A m2, J/T, J·T–1 |
Impedance |
阻抗 |
Z |
Ω |
Inductance |
电感 |
H |
A/m, A·m–1, H |
Magnetic field strength |
磁场强度 |
H |
A/m, A·m–1, H |
Magnetic flux |
磁通量 |
Φ |
Wb |
Magnetic flux density |
磁通量密度 |
B |
T |
Magnetic induction |
磁感应 |
B |
T |
Magnetic moment |
磁矩 |
M |
A/m, A·m–1 |
Magnetic susceptibility |
磁化率 |
χ |
dimensionless |
Magnetization |
磁化 |
M |
A/m, A·m–1 |
Permeability |
磁导率 |
μ |
H/m, H·m–1 |
Permittivity |
介电常数 |
ε |
F/m, F·m–1 |
Polarization (of a particle) |
(粒子的)极化 |
α |
m2·C·V–1 |
Relative permeability |
相对导磁率 |
μr |
dimensionless |
Relative permittivity |
相对介电常数 |
εr |
dimensionless |
Resistance |
电阻 |
R |
Ω |
Resistivity |
电阻率 |
ρ |
Ωm |
Self-inductance |
自感 |
L |
H |
Voltage |
电压 |
U, ΔV, Δφ |
V |
Electrochemistry |
电化学 |
NAME |
名称 |
SYMBOL(符号) |
SI UNIT(SI单位) |
Charge number of an ion |
离子的电荷数 |
z |
dimensionless |
Conductivity |
电导率 |
κ |
S/m, S·m–1 |
Diffusion rate constant |
扩散速率常数 |
kd |
m/s, m·s–1 |
Electric current |
电流 |
I |
A |
Electric current density |
电流密度 |
j |
A/m2, A·m–2 |
Electric mobility |
电迁移率 |
u |
m2/(V·s), m2·V–1·s–1 |
Electrode potential |
电极电位 |
E |
V |
Electrolytic conductivity |
电解电导率 |
κ |
S/m, S·m–1 |
Electromotive force (emf) |
电动势 |
E |
V |
Elementary charge |
基元电荷 |
e |
C |
Faraday constant |
法拉第常数 |
F |
C/mol, C·mol–1 |
Half-wave potential |
半波电位 |
E1/2 |
V |
Ionic strength |
离子强度 |
|
|
concentration basis |
浓度基准 |
Ic, I |
mol/m3, mol·m–3 |
molality basis |
摩尔基准 |
Im, I |
mol/kg, mol·kg–1 |
Mass-transfer coefficient |
传质系数 |
kd |
m/s, m s–1 |
Molar conductivity |
摩尔电导率 |
Λ |
S·m2/mol, S·m2·mol–1 |
Reduction potential |
还原电势 |
E° |
V |
Standard electrode potential |
标准电极电势 |
E° |
V |
Standard electromotive force (emf) |
标准电动势 |
E° |
V |
Surface charge density |
面电荷密度 |
σ |
C/ m2, C m–2 |
Transport number |
迁移数 |
t |
dimensionless |
General Chemistry |
基础化学 |
NAME |
名称 |
SYMBOL(符号) |
SI UNIT(SI单位) |
Amount concentration |
物质的量浓度 |
c |
mol/m3, mol·m–3 |
Amount of substance |
物质的量 |
n |
mol |
Atomic weight |
原子量 |
Ar |
dimensionless |
Concentration |
浓度 |
c |
mol/m3, mol·m–3 |
Degree of dissociation |
解离度 |
α |
dimensionless |
Extent of reaction |
反应进度 |
ζ |
mol |
Mass fraction |
质量分数 |
w |
dimensionless |
Molality |
质量摩尔浓度 |
m, b |
mol/kg, mol·kg–1 |
Molar mass |
摩尔质量 |
M |
kg/mol, kg·mol–1 |
Molar volume |
摩尔体积 |
Vm |
m3/mol, m·mol–3 |
Molarity |
体积摩尔浓度 |
M |
mol/L, mol·L–1 |
Mole fraction |
摩尔分数 |
x |
dimensionless |
Molecular weight |
分子量 |
Mr |
dimensionless |
Number concentration |
数量浓度 |
C, n |
m–3 |
Number density of entities |
实体数量密度 |
C, n |
m–3 |
Number of entities |
实体数 |
N |
dimensionless |
Partial pressure of substance B |
B物质的分压 |
pB |
Pa |
Relative atomic mass |
相对原子质量 |
Ar |
dimensionless |
Relative molecular mass |
相对分子质量 |
Mr |
dimensionless |
Stoichiometric coefficient |
化学计量系数 |
v |
dimensionless |
Surface concentration |
表面浓度 |
Γ |
mol/m2, mol·m–2 |
Volume fraction |
体积分数 |
φ |
dimensionless |
Mechanics |
力学 |
NAME |
名称 |
SYMBOL(符号) |
SI UNIT(SI单位) |
Angular momentum |
角动量 |
L |
J·s |
Density |
密度 |
ρ |
kg/m3, kg·m–3 |
Energy |
能量 |
E |
J |
Force |
力 |
F |
N |
Gravitational constant |
引力常量 |
G |
N·m2/kg2, N·m2·kg–2 |
Hamiltonian function |
哈密顿函数 |
H |
J |
Kinetic energy |
动能 |
Ek, K |
J |
Lagrange function |
拉格朗日函数 |
L |
J |
Mass |
质量 |
m |
kg |
Moment of force |
力矩 |
M |
N·m |
Moment of inertia |
惯性矩/转动惯量 |
I |
kg·m2 |
Momentum |
动量 |
p |
kg·m/s, kg·m·s–1 |
Potential energy |
势能 |
Ep, V |
J |
Power |
功率 |
P |
W |
Pressure |
压力 |
P, p |
Pa, N/m2, N·m2 |
Reduced mass |
简化质量 |
μ |
kg |
Relative density |
相对密度 |
d |
dimensionless |
Specific volume |
比容 |
v |
m3/kg, m3·kg–1 |
Surface tension |
表面张力 |
γ |
N/m, N·m–1, J/m2, J·m–2 |
Torque |
扭矩 |
T |
N·m |
Weight |
重量 |
G, W |
N |
Work |
功 |
w, W |
J |
NMR Spectroscopy |
核磁共振光谱 |
NAME |
名称 |
SYMBOL(符号) |
SI UNIT(SI单位) |
Bohr magneton |
玻尔磁子 |
μB, β |
J/T, J·T–1 |
Bohr radius |
玻尔半径 |
a0 |
m |
Chemical shift, δ scale |
化学位移,δ比例 |
δ |
dimensionless |
Coupling constant |
耦合常数 |
|
|
(indirect) spin–spin |
(间接)自旋–自旋 |
JAB |
Hz |
direct (dipolar) |
直接(偶极) |
DAB |
Hz |
reduced spin–spin |
简并自旋–自旋 |
JAB |
T2·J–1, N·A–2·m–3 |
Delay time |
延迟时间 |
τ |
s |
Electron spin quantum component |
电子自旋量子分量 |
ms, mS |
dimensionless |
Electron spin quantum number |
电子自旋量子数 |
s, S |
dimensionless |
Hyperfine coupling constant |
超精细耦合常数 |
a, A, T |
Hz |
Larmor angular frequency |
拉莫尔角频率 |
ωL |
s–1 |
Larmor frequency |
拉莫尔频率 |
vL |
Hz |
Magnetogyric ratio |
磁旋比 |
γ |
s–1·T–1 |
Nuclear magneton |
核磁子 |
μN |
J/T, J·T–1 |
Nuclear spin quantum component |
核自旋量子分量 |
MI |
dimensionless |
Nuclear spin quantum number |
核自旋量子数 |
I |
dimensionless |
Orbital quantum number |
轨道量子数 |
l, L |
dimensionless |
Orbital quantum number component |
轨道量子数分量 |
ml, mL |
dimensionless |
Principal quantum number |
主量子数 |
n |
dimensionless |
Quadrupole moment |
四极矩 |
Q, Θ |
C·m2 |
Relaxation time |
弛豫时间 |
|
|
longitudinal |
纵向 |
T1 |
s |
transverse |
横向 |
T2 |
s |
Shielding constant |
屏蔽常数 |
σ |
dimensionless |
Polymer Chemistry |
聚合物化学 |
NAME |
名称 |
SYMBOL(符号) |
SI UNIT(SI单位) |
Bulk modulus |
体积模量 |
K |
Pa |
Complex permittivity |
复介电常数 |
ε* |
F/m, F·m–1 |
Crack-tip radius |
尖端半径 |
ρc |
m |
Electrophoretic mobility |
电泳迁移率 |
μ |
m2·V–1·s–1 |
Flory–Huggins interaction parameter |
Flory–Huggins相互作用参数 |
χ |
|
Fracture strain |
断裂应变 |
γf, εf |
dimensionless |
Fracture stress |
断裂应力 |
σf |
Pa |
Glass-transition temperature |
玻璃化转变温度 |
Tg |
K |
Modulus of elasticity |
弹性模量 |
E |
Pa |
Tensile strength |
抗拉强度 |
σ |
Pa |
Viscosity |
黏度/粘度 |
v |
Pa·s |
Volume fraction |
容积率 |
Vf |
dimensionless |
Yield stress |
屈服应力 |
σy |
Pa |
Young’s modulus |
杨氏模量 |
E |
Pa |
Radiation |
辐射 |
NAME |
名称 |
SYMBOL(符号) |
SI UNIT(SI单位) |
Absorbance |
吸光度 |
A |
dimensionless |
Absorption factor |
吸收系数 |
α |
dimensionless |
Angle of optical rotation |
光学旋转角 |
α |
dimensionless, rad |
Angular frequency |
角频率 |
ω |
s–1, rad/s, rad·s–1 |
Emissivity, emittance |
发射率 |
ε |
dimensionless |
Frequency |
频率 |
v |
Hz |
Linear decadic absorption coefficient |
十进线性吸附系数 |
a |
m–1 |
Molar decadic absorption coefficient |
十进摩尔吸收系数 |
ε |
m2/mol, m2·mol–1 |
Molar refraction |
摩尔折射率 |
Rm |
m3/mol, m3·mol–1 |
Radiant energy |
辐射能 |
Q, W |
J |
Radiant intensity |
辐射强度 |
I |
W/sr, W·sr–1 |
Radiant power |
辐射功率 |
P |
Q |
Refractive index |
折射率 |
n |
dimensionless |
Speed of light |
光速 |
c |
m/s, m·s–1 |
Stefan–Boltzmann constant |
斯蒂芬–波滋曼常数 |
σ |
W/(m2·K4), W·m–2·K–4 |
Transmittance |
透射率 |
T |
dimensionless |
Wavelength |
波长 |
λ |
m |
Wavenumber (in a vacuum) |
(真空中的)波数 |
|
m–1 |
Space and Time |
空间和时间 |
NAME |
名称 |
SYMBOL(符号) |
SI UNIT(SI单位) |
Acceleration |
加速度 |
a |
m/s2, m·s–2 |
Area |
面积 |
A, S, AS |
m2 |
Cartesian space coordinates |
笛卡尔空间坐标系 |
x, y, z |
m |
Characteristic time interval |
特征时间间隔 |
τ |
s |
Circular frequency |
圆频率 |
ω |
s–1, rad/s, rad·s–1 |
Diameter |
直径 |
d |
m |
Frequency |
频率 |
v, f |
Hz |
Height |
高度 |
h |
m |
Length |
长度 |
l |
m |
Position vector |
位置矢量 |
r |
m |
Radius |
半径 |
r |
m |
Speed |
速度 |
v, u, w, c |
m/s, m·s–1 |
Thickness, distance |
厚度,距离 |
d, δ |
m |
Time |
时间 |
t |
s |
Time constant |
时间常数 |
τ |
s |
Velocity |
速度 |
v, u, w, c |
m/s, m·s–1 |
Volume |
体积 |
V |
m3 |
Thermodynamics |
热力学 |
NAME |
名称 |
SYMBOL(符号) |
SI UNIT(SI单位) |
Absolute activity |
绝对活度 |
λ |
dimensionless |
Affinity of a reaction |
反应亲合力 |
A |
J/mol, J·mol–1 |
Chemical potential |
化学势 |
μ |
J/mol, J·mol–1 |
Cubic expansion coefficient |
立方膨胀系数 |
α |
K–1 |
Energy |
能 |
E |
J |
Enthalpy |
焓 |
H |
J |
Entropy |
熵 |
S |
J/K, J·K–1 |
Fugacity |
逸度 |
f |
Pa |
Gas constant |
气体常数 |
R |
J/(K·mol), J·K–1·mol–1 |
Gibbs energy |
吉布斯能 |
G |
J |
Heat |
热量 |
q, Q |
J |
Heat capacity, molar |
摩尔热容 |
Cm |
J/(K·mol), J·K–1·mol–1 |
Heat capacity at constant pressure |
等压热容 |
Cp |
J/K, J·K–1 |
Heat capacity at constant volume |
等容热容 |
Cv |
J/K, J·K–1 |
Helmholtz energy |
亥姆霍兹能 |
A |
L |
Internal energy |
内能 |
U |
L |
Isothermal compressibility |
等温压缩系数 |
κ |
Pa–1 |
Joule–Thomson coefficient |
焦耳-汤姆孙系数 |
μ |
K/Pa, K·Pa–1 |
Pressure, osmotic |
渗透压 |
Π |
Pa |
Pressure coefficient |
压力系数 |
β |
Pa/K, Pa·K–1 |
Specific heat capacity |
比热容 |
c |
J/(K·kg), J·K–1·kg–1 |
Surface tension |
表面张力 |
γ, σ |
J/m2, J·m–2, N/m, N·m–1 |
Temperature |
温度 |
|
|
Celsius |
摄氏度 |
t, θ |
℃ |
thermodynamic |
热力学 |
T |
K |
Viscosity |
黏度/粘度 |
η |
Pa·s |
Work |
功 |
w, W |
J |
Transport Properties |
传输性能 |
NAME |
名称 |
SYMBOL(符号) |
SI UNIT(SI单位) |
Coefficient of heat transfer |
传热系数 |
h |
W/(m2·K), W·m–2·K–1 |
Diffusion coefficient |
扩散系数 |
D |
m2/s, m2·s–1 |
Flux of a quantity x |
量x的通量 |
Jx, J |
varies |
Heat flow rate |
热流率 |
φ |
W |
Kinematic viscosity |
运动黏度 |
v |
m2/s, m2·s–1 |
Mass flow rate |
质量流率 |
qm |
kg/s, kg·s–1 |
Mass-transfer coefficient |
传质系数 |
kd |
m/s, m·s–1 |
Thermal conductivity |
热导率 |
λ, k |
W/(m·K), W·m–1·K–1 |
Thermal diffusion coefficient |
热扩散系数 |
DT |
m2/s, m2·s–1 |
Thermal diffusivity |
热扩散率 |
a |
m2/s, m2·s–1 |
Viscosity |
黏度/粘度 |
η |
Pa·s |
Volume flow rate |
体积流率 |
qv, V |
m3/s, m3·s–1 |
如需获取本文档PDF版,请从以下链接下载:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1d5D9HA_I1l3QRlXL7lcG6g
提取码:3su0
关注本公众号请扫描下面二维码。如对晶体解析与精修感兴趣,可以关注本人B站账号:DJ_Tokyo,或扫描下面二维码。
发表评论