Financial developments
Global financial conditions have tightened sharply, with risk appetite dampened by slowing global growth, persistently elevated inflation, and faster-than-expected monetary tightening.
伴随风险偏好受全球经济增长放缓的抑制，持续高通胀以及货币紧缩快于预期，全球金融条件大幅收紧
As in past tightening episodes, tighter monetary policy in advanced economies weighed on Emerging market and developing economies capital flows.
与以往的紧缩时期一样，发达经济体收紧货币政策对新兴市场和发展中经济体资本流动造成压力
China experienced sizable debt market outflows in 2022, while other EMDEs remained in a protracted period of generally weak debt and equity flows that started in 2021.
2022年中国经历了大规模的债务市场资金外流，而其他新兴市场和发展中经济体仍处于2021年开始的债务和股权流动普遍疲软时期
The U.S. dollar also appreciated markedly in 2022, by about 14 percent on a GDP-weighted basis by October, before moderating somewhat later in the year.
美元在 2022 年也大幅升值，到 10 月, 按 GDP 加权计算升值约 14%，而后在年尾有所放缓
Most EMDE currencies depreciated against the U.S. dollar, but economies with fiscal deficits greater than 3 percent of GDP saw eight times more depreciation, on average, than other EMDEs.
大多数新兴市场和发展中经济体货币对美元贬值，但财政赤字占GDP的3%以上的经济体平均贬值幅度是其他新兴市场和发展中经济体的八倍
Dollar strength has squeezed a wide range of borrowers with net dollar exposures and has contributed to inflation in countries with depreciating currencies.
美元走强挤压了大量净美元敞口的借款人（美元敞口也就是仍承担汇率风险的那部分美元，随着美元升值，要兑换偿还的本币就更多，所以提前偿还美元），并推升了货币贬值国家的通货膨胀
To forestall more acute capital outflows and currency depreciation pressures, many EMDEs monetary authorities extended domestic tightening cycles or used foreign exchange reserves to lean against currency pressures.
为了防止更严重的资本外流和货币贬值压力，许多EMDE货币当局延长了国内紧缩周期，或利用外汇储备来抵御货币压力
Investors increasingly shied away from the debt of the most vulnerable EMDEs, where financial crisis risks are mounting.
投资者越来越回避最脆弱的新兴市场和发展中经济体的债务，那里的金融危机风险正在上升
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