第三人称单数 动词用法及变化规则
在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加—s或-es.现归纳总结如下:
一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如:
1. He likes cars. 他喜欢车。
2. She goes to school at seven. 她七点去上学。
3. It has a good name. 它有一个好名字。
二、单个人名、亲朋好友等称呼作主语是第三人称单数。如:
1. Pat never throws rubbish on the floor. Pat从不在地板上扔垃圾。
2. Miss Wang waters the flowers once a day. 王老师给花一天浇水一次。
3. Aunt Mary usually makes cakes. 玛丽阿姨经常做蛋糕。
4. My mother washes the dishes everyday. 我妈妈每天都洗碗。
三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:
①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
②This book is yours。 这本书是你的。
③That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的.
④The cat is Lucy's。 这只猫是露茜的.
四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。
如:
①Everyone is here。 大家到齐了.
②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。
③This is a pen。 这是一支钢笔.
④That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。
五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。
如:
①The milk is in the glass。 牛奶在玻璃杯里.
②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。
六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数.
如:
①”6" is a lucky number. ”6"是个吉利数字。
②"I” is a letter. "I"是个字母。
七、第三人称单数形式的构成
1. 一般直接在词尾加s,如:work-works live-lives
make-makes
2. 以s, x, ch, sh等结尾的单词加es , 如:miss-misses fix-fixes finish-finishes teach-teaches
3. 以辅音字母加o结尾的单词,加es 如: go-goes do-does
4. 特殊变形的有:have-has
八、问句:问句中遇到第三人称单数时,需要用助动词does, 动词变为原形。
What does she like?
When does he brush his teeth?
How often does your sister comb her hair?
除上述规律外,还应注意下面三点:
1. 动词 have ,遇到主语是第三人称单数时,要用 has; 动词 be 的第三人称单数形式是is。
2。 含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时,要用 doesn't + 动词原形,如: He goes to school at six in the morning. (变否定句)→ He doesn't go to school at six in the morning.
3. 对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时,要用助动词 does,如: She goes home at five every day。 (对划线部分提问)→ When / What time does she go home every day?
动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。 ①stop-stops [s] ; make-makes [s] ②read-reads [z] ; play-plays [z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y"变为“i",然后在加“es"读[iz] 如: fly-flies [z];carry-carries [z] study-studies [z]; worry-worries
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz] 如: teach-teaches [iz]; watch-watches [iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es",读[z] 如: go-goes [z] do-does [z] 下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。
1、do [du:]-does [dz]
2、say [sei]-says [sez] 以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音, 与所加“s” 一起读做[iz]。
如: close-closes [iz] be动词包括:am, is, are.第三人称单数用复数用are,过去式为were.
随堂小练习:
1. My mother ____ (cook) the dinner for me.
2. Dogs ____ (run) in the corridors.
3. Lily _____ (brush) the teeth.
4. We ___ (miss) Miss Guo.
5. She ____ (go) to school at 7:20.
6. Tom______ (study) English well.
7. I ____ (play) football very well.
8. Beijing ____ (be) in China.
9. The rabbit ______ (run) fast.
10. The girl _______ (say) “Excuse me”
11.She ____ (walk) in the corridors.
12.Miss Guo _____ (teach) me English.
13.Nick ___ (do) the homework.
14.He______ (study) English well.
15.I ___ (eat) apples everyday.
16.I ____ (have) many apples.
17.I ____ (be) very smart.
18.My brother ____ (play) the guitar after school.
19.A tree ____ (have) many leaves.
20.The man often______ (climb) up the hill.
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