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背景知识
2008-2009年全球金融危机之后,沃伦·巴菲特和比尔及梅琳达·盖茨在一小群富有的捐助者之间组织了多次非正式会议,以探索推动亿万富翁同胞增加慈善投资的最佳方式。
最后,他们达成了共识并承诺,邀请亿万富翁“在生前或死后将至少一半的财富捐给慈善机构”。截至2021年3月,已有220位亿万富翁签署了该项捐赠承诺。
正文阅读
The super-rich are trying new approaches to philanthropy
超级富豪们正在尝试新的慈善方式
A nudge is not always enough to force change within an industry. Sometimes a series of forceful shoves is required. In the rarified world of Western philanthropy, the shoves began in 2020. The covid-19 pandemic, protests for racial justice across America that summer and the outflow of refugees from Ukraine starting in early 2022 created a new urgency around charitable giving and revealed failings in how it worked. Donors began to consider how they could disburse money faster and with more impact.
轻推并不总是足以在一个行业内推动变革。有时需要一系列有力的推动。在西方慈善界,这一做法始于2020年。新冠肺炎的大流行、那年夏天美国各地为争取种族正义而举行的抗议活动,以及2022年初开始从乌克兰涌出的难民潮,使慈善捐赠变得更加紧迫,也暴露出慈善捐赠机制存在的缺陷。捐助者开始考虑如何才能更快、更有影响力地发放资金。
Just as the storm of global events was raging, a poster child for the new movement emerged. MacKenzie Scott received a 4% stake in Amazon when she and its founder, Jeff Bezos, divorced in 2019. It was worth $38bn. In the same year she announced that she would give the money away “until the safe is empty”.
正当全球事件的风暴肆虐时,新运动的典范出现了。麦肯齐·斯科特在2019年与亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝佐斯离婚时获得了亚马逊4%的股份。它价值380亿美元。同年,她宣布将把这笔钱捐出去,“直到保险箱清空为止”。
As global problems spread in 2020, Ms Scott started handing out big grants, to organisations in America and across the world, with no strings attached. Without making any big declaration or setting up a charitable foundation, the quiet billionaire has since shelled out $16.5bn. For comparison, Chuck Feeney, an American duty-free tycoon who was one of the most generous philanthropists of recent times, had given out $8bn by the time of his death in October. Andrew Carnegie, a 19th-century industrialist, gave away $350m, worth $6.2bn today.
随着2020年全球问题的蔓延,斯科特开始向美国和世界各地的组织发放大笔赠款,不附带任何条件。在没有发表任何重大声明或设立慈善基金会的情况下,这位低调的亿万富翁自那以来已支付了165亿美元。相比之下,美国免税大亨、近代最慷慨的慈善家之一查克·费尼,截至去年10月去世时,他已经捐出了80亿美元。19世纪的实业家安德鲁·卡内基捐出了3.5亿美元,相当于今天的62亿美元。
今日单词
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super-rich/ˈsuːpər rɪtʃ/ n. 超级富豪;
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approach /əˈproʊtʃ/ n. 方式,方法;
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philanthropy /fɪˈlænθrəpi/ n. 慈善,慈善事业;
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nudge /nʌdʒ/ n.(肘部的)轻推,碰;
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force /fɔːrs/ vt. 用力推;使发生;
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forceful /ˈfɔːrsfl/ adj. 有力的,有说服力的;
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shove /ʃʌv/ n. 猛推;
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rarified /ˈreərɪfaɪd/ adj. 纯净的;稀薄的;
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pandemic /pænˈdemɪk/ n. 大流行病;
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protest /ˈproʊtest , prəˈtest/ vi. 抗议,反对;抗议活动;
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racial justice 种族正义;
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outflow /ˈaʊtfloʊ/ n. 流出;流出量;
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refugee /ˌrefjuˈdʒiː/ n. 难民;
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Ukraine /juˈkreɪn/ n. 乌克兰;
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urgency /ˈɜrdʒənsi/ n. 迫切;迫切需要;
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charitable giving 慈善捐赠;
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failing /ˈfeɪlɪŋ/ n. 缺点,不足之处;
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donor /ˈdoʊnər/ n. 捐赠人;
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disburse /dɪsˈbɜːrs/ vt. 支付;支出;
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impact /ˈɪmpækt , ɪmˈpækt/ n. 巨大影响,强大作用;
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global event 全球事件;
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rage /reɪdʒ/ vi. 猛烈地继续,激烈进行;迅速蔓延;
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poster child 代表性人物;
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emerge /iˈmɜːrdʒ/ vi. 出现;显露;
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stake /steɪk/ n. 股本,股份;
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founder/ˈfaʊndər/ n.(组织、机构等的)创建者,创办者,发起人;
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divorce /dɪˈvɔːrs/ vt. 与(某人)离婚;
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give the money away 把钱捐赠出去;
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safe /seɪf/ n. 保险箱;
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spread /spred/ vi. 蔓延;
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hand out 分发;
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grant /ɡrænt/ n. 拨款,补助金;
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string /strɪŋ/ n. 特定条件(或限制);细绳;线;带子;
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attached /əˈtætʃt/ adj. 所附的;
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declaration/ˌdekləˈreɪʃn/ n. 声明,公告,宣言;
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set up 设立;装置;
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charitable foundation 慈善基金会;
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billionaire /ˌbɪljəˈner/ n. 亿万富翁;
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shell out 付 (一大笔钱);付款;还账;为…提供;
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for comparison 相比之下;
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duty-free /ˌduːti ˈfriː/ adj. 免税的;
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tycoon /taɪˈkuːn/ n. 企业界大亨,巨头;
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philanthropist /fɪˈlænθrəpɪst/ n. 慈善家;
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give out 分发,发放;
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industrialist /ɪnˈdʌstriəlɪst/ n. 实业家;工业家;产业工人;
素材来源
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文发布时间:12 Jan. 2024
每日美句
"Learning never exhausts the mind." – Leonardo da Vinci
“学习永远不会使心智疲惫。”——莱昂纳多·达芬奇
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