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关系代词: who， whom，whose，which，that， as.代指先行词（被修饰词）在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。
关系副词: when， where，why.替代先行词在从句中做状语（表时间、地点、原因）。
主要看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分, 原则是：缺什么，补什么。
2.然后把先行词带入从句中，判断在从句中所做成分；
四、引导词的具体用法
1．定语从句中缺主语，修饰人时用who ／that，修饰物时用which ／that引导。
I have a daughter who has just started senior high school.
He took away everything that belonged to him.
Albert Einstein,who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest menwho ever lived.
Wenchuan, which was completely destroyed and then completely rebuilt, has become a symbol of the Chinese spirit of never giving up.
2．从句中缺宾语，修饰人时用 who ／whom ／that或省略引导词；修饰物时用which ／that或省略引导词。
The student whom they are talking about now is my friend.
This is the chance thatyou have been asking for.
Last week I saw Modern Timeswith Charles Chaplin playing the leading role, which I think one of the most amusing films.
3．从句中缺时间状语，用when或介词＋which引导。
I will never forget the days when we studied together .
We have entered into an age at which dreams have the best chance of coming true.
Because circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany, Einstein , who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.
4．从句中缺地点状语，用where或介词＋which引导。
Keep your books in a place where you can find them easily.
A blog is like an online diary on which you write about something you are interested in .
After finishing high school, she moved to London, where she spent her best time of her life.
I will organize some campus activities, like “English Evening”, a platform where students can show their English
5.从句中缺定语，无论人和物都用 whose引导。
The old man lived in a house whose windows were broken .
The injured boy, whose mother was killed in the accident, was taken to the nearest hospital.
They interviewed Tu youyou last week, whose achievement in medicine made her win the Nobel Prize.
6.从句中缺原因状语先行词是 reason时，引导词用why ／for which。
Idon't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
Finding a job as a history teacher in another school was the reason for whichI moved.
7．当way是先行词后跟定语从句时。
（1）．当先行词是way且在从句里做状语时，其定语从句的引导词用in which ／that或省略。
She admired the way in which I answered the questions.
The way that he handled the matter attracted me.
（2）．当先行词是way且在从句里做宾语或主语时，其定语从句的引导词用which／that。
The way that you told me was effective.
We did it in the way which our teacher taught us.
8、引导词as可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
（1）．在固定词组the same．．．as，such．．．as中，as引导限制性定语从句。
Tom is not the same man ashe was.
He is not such a fool as he looks.
As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
“Where there is a will , there is a way”, just as the old saying goes.
（2）．当先行词是整个主句时，可用 as ／which引导非限制性定语从句。引导词as和which的区别在于：
①as引导的非限制性定语从句可放于主句前、主句中、主句后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般放于主句后或句中。
②as常与从句中的know，see， hear，expect等动词连用，也常用于as often happens，as is often the case（常有的事）等句子中；而which一般不用于以上情况。
③as有“正如”的含义，which没有此含义。
9.先行词是物时，其引导词可用 which也可用that，通常情况下二者可互换，但在有些情况下不能。
（1）．用which不用that引导定语从句的三种情况：
①非限制性定语从句用which，不用that引导。
②先行词为that时，为了避免重复，定语从句用which不用that引导。
③介词后用which不用that引导。
（2）．用that不用which的七种情况：
①先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，用 that不用which引导。
②先行词为little，much，all，none，few，（the）one，something，everything，nothing，anything等不定代词时，用that引导。
③先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时，用 that引导。
④先行词前有any，all，no，few，every，some，little， much，（the）very，（the）only，（the）last等词修饰时，用 that引导。
⑤先行词为which时，为了避免重复，用that引导。
⑥先行词在从句中作表语时，常用that引导。
⑦当主句是There be．．．句型时，用that引导。
10.引导词前有介词或短语介词时，修饰人只能用 whom，修饰物只能用which引导,即“介词+whom”和“介词+which”引导定语从句。
Lillian works in a government office in which there are many different departments.
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
11.关系代词who，whom，whose， which和as能引导非限制性定语从句，而that不能；非限制性定语从句中即使缺宾语，引导词也不能省略；关系副词when，where能引导非限制性定语从句，而why不能。
小试牛刀
1. July 1, 1921 was the day ________ our Party was founded.
July 1, 1921 was the day ____________ we will not forget.
2.The hotel ________ we stayed during our holiday stands by the seaside.
The hotel __________ stands by the seaside is quite comfortable.
3. The reason ________he refused our offer is unbelievable.
Please tell me the reason ___________can explain your absence reasonably .
4．I often took part in a series of activities _________ were designed for freshmen.
Students should involve themselves in community activities _________they can gain experience for growth.
5．Tasmania is the most unforgettable place __________ I have ever been to.
Tasmania is the most unforgettable place, __________ I worked with wife ten years ago.
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