介词关系代词的用法

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语法 | 高中英语语法 之 定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。如:

  • The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.

  • The school in which he once studied is very famous.  

他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
  • Tomorrow I’ll bring here the novel (which / that) you asked for.

  • Tomorrow I’ll bring here the novel  for which you asked.

明天我将把你要的杂志带来。

由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体,在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末

  • 如:This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是这个人。This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是这个人。

Prepositions in relative clauses

The relative pronoun can also refer to the object of a preposition. In informal styles, the preposition comes after the verb:
The house which Mozart was born in is now a museum. (defining relative clause)
The house that Mozart was born in is now a museum. (defining relative clause)
The house Mozart was born in is now a museum. (defining relative clause)
Mr Pierce, who I talked to just now, sends you his regards. (non-defining relative clause)
In formal styles, the preposition is placed before the pronouns whom or which:
The house in which Mozart was born is now a museum. (defining relative clause)
Mr Pierce, to whom I talked just now, sends you his regards. (non-defining relative clause)
1、介词如何确定


(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定
(2)依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定
(3)根据意思来确定
(4)为了强调某一名词,不定式前加上关系词


2、关系代词作介词的宾语时,介词的位置


(1)whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
(2)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。
(3)关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。
(4)关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。


3、“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有:名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+最高级…+of+which/whom。

4、特殊情况

  • 直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that,直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。但若介词用于句末,则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who,或者省略不同。如:这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.(which不能换成that,也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。(which可以换成that,也可以省略)

  • 关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。如:That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住过的房子。That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必须道歉的原因。

  • 在很正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。如:在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。正:There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正:There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)正:There the children had a garden to play in. (较口语化)注:这类“介词+关系代词++不定式”结构中的介词不能没有,也不能放在句末。如不能说There the children had a garden which to play in.



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最后编辑于:2024/3/2 拔丝英语网

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