董明珠自造22岁“带货网红”？| ​外刊精读

Ms Dong joined Gree as a door-to-door saleswoman in 1990, as a widow with an eight-year-old son. In 2012 she became its chairwoman. Although Gree has state roots, Ms Dong acts like a high-profile entrepreneur. Her life was the subject of a TV drama, and she has written two popular memoirs. Her steely, unglamorous image (a confessed penchant for skirts notwithstanding) inspires young women.

Matters of gender bore her. Asked about her rise in a country run by men, she responds: “Men or women, few are up to the challenge.”That may be so. But Ms Dong represents a generation of Chinese women who have climbed higher than their sisters in South Korea or Japan. Fully 51 of the 89 self-made female billionaires on this year’s Hurun Rich List, a Who’s Who of the ultra-wealthy, are Chinese—well above China’s 20% share of the world’s women.

China’s include Wu Yajun, a property mogul with a $10bn fortune; Cheng Xue of Foshan Haitian Flavouring & Food Company, known as “the soy-sauce queen”; and Li Haiyan and Shu Ping, co-founders of Haidilao, a chain of hotpot restaurants. Ms Dong, with a net worth of 3bn yuan ($440m), does not make Hurun’s list.

A likelier explanation is China’s manufacturing boom, which afforded women unprecedented opportunities. In 1968 Mao Zedong enjoined female laborers to hold up “half the sky”; by the 1980s their labor-force participation hovered around 80%. Britain’s then stood at 60%, and America’s lower still. India, with a similar GDP per person to China at the time, barely managed 30%. Many successful Chinese businesswomen rose from the factory floor.

Economic disparities between the sexes tend to narrow as countries grow richer. China's have widened, as privatizations in the 1990s prompted a sharper decline in the number of women than of men in the urban workforce and as women moved into lower-paying service jobs. Relative to that of men, female participation has been flat or falling every year since 2009, to 69%, similar to Japan and below Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Female wages, which were 17% below male wages in the early 1990s, are now 36% lower. A new Hurun list of 46 self-made billionaires under the age of 40 includes 16 Chinese founders, but just two—both of them wives in couples that launched internet platforms—are women.

billboards and, last year, in two places at once—jaywalking in the city of Ningbo while at Gree’s headquarters in Zhuhai (police cameras mistakenly captured her visage plastered on a bus).董明珠是中国最引人注目的女性企业家。这位64岁的格力(全球最大的空调设备制造商)老板可以说是无处不在：电视广告上、广告牌上，去年她甚至在同一时间出现在了两个地方——在宁波乱穿马路的同时还现身于珠海的格力总部(电子眼误拍了贴在公交车上的董明珠的形象)。

Ms Dong joined Gree as a door-to-door saleswoman in 1990, as a widow with an eight-year-old son. In 2012 she became its chairwoman. Although Gree has state

roots, Ms Dong acts like a high-profile entrepreneur. Her life was the subject of a TV drama, and she has written two popular memoirs. Her steely, unglamorous image (a confessed penchant for skirts notwithstanding) inspires young women.董明珠于1990年加入格力电器，成为了一名挨家挨户上门推销的销售员，当时，她是一位独自带着8岁儿子的单亲妈妈。2012年，她成为了格力电器的董事长。虽然格力电器是一家国有控股公司，但董明珠行事却像一位高调的企业家。她的经历被拍成了一部电视剧，她还写过两部颇受欢迎的回忆录。她坚毅、朴实的形象(虽然如此，但她坦承自己对裙子情有独钟)激励着年轻的女性。

① 句子结构分析：

a. Dong Mingzhu（主语）is（系动词） the most visible face（表语）of female enterprise in China（定语，修饰表语）. The 64-year-old boss of Gree（主语）, the world’s biggest maker of air-conditioners（Gree的同位语）, is（系动词）everywhere（表语）: in television ads, on billboards and, last year, in two places at once（everywhere同位语）—jaywalking in the city of Ningbo while at Gree’s headquarters in Zhuhai（状语） (police cameras（主语） mistakenly（状语） captured（谓语） her visage（宾语） plastered on a bus（定语，修饰visage）).

b. Ms Dong（主语） joined（谓语） Gree（宾语） as a door-to-door saleswoman（主语补足语）in 1990（时间状语）, as a widow with an eight-year-old son（主语补足语）. In 2012（时间状语） she（主语）became（系动词）its chairwoman（表语）. Although Gree has state roots（让步状语从句）, Ms Dong（主语）acts（谓语）like a high-profile entrepreneur（状语）. Her life（主语）was（系动词）the subject（表语）of a TV drama（定语，修饰表语）, and she（主语）has written（谓语）two popular memoirs（宾语）. Her steely, unglamorous image (a confessed penchant for skirts notwithstanding)（主语）inspires（谓语）young women（宾语）.

② 写作表达：

a. capture [ˈkæptʃə] 在这里属于熟词僻义，表示If an event is captured in a photograph or on film, it is photographed or filmed. 拍摄

例如：
The incident was captured on videotape.
这一事件被拍摄下来。

capture更常见的意思是“捕捉”、“捕获”。这里我们对“捕获”的近义词做一下辨析：

arrest: 指根据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留。

trap: 多指诱捕。

b. state [steɪt] 用作形容词，表示State industries or organizations are financed and organized by the government rather than private companies. 政府的；国家的例如：
...reform of the state social-security system.
…国家社会保障体制的改革。

这里介绍一个外刊常见词组：

in/into a state在这里可不是表示在一个国家哦，而是“处于焦虑状态”。例如：
I was in a terrible state because nobody could understand why I had this illness.
我极度不安，因为没人能明白我为什么得了这种病。

c. root在这里表示“根源”的意思。我们来学习两个关于root的常见词组，在写作中非常好用： 

take root表示“深入人心”。例如：Time would be needed for democracy to take root.民主的深入人心需要时间。 

puts down roots表示“扎根”。例如：When they got to Montana, they put down roots and built a life.到达蒙大拿州后，他们便在那里扎根，过上了日子。 

e.

notwithstanding [nɒtwɪð'stændɪŋ] 用作副词，表示If something is true notwithstanding something else, it is true in spite of that other thing. 尽管例如：
His relations with colleagues, differences of opinion notwithstanding, were unfailingly friendly.
他与同事们尽管有意见分歧，但关系一直很融洽。

我们这里来看一下关于“

尽管”的近义词辨析： 

despite:书面用词，指不受某事或某种原因的阻碍，语气轻于in spite of。 

这里涉及到

同位语的翻译技巧。之前我们有讲过，这里再复习一下哦：当同位语成分较短，且先行词的前置定语成分也较短时，同位语可前置翻译，反之，建议补出先行词，顺译处理。另外这句话也涉及到了

标点符号的翻译。一般英汉互译时，建议保留冒号、破折号、引导以及感叹号等标点符号，这样能传达出原文作者的态度和语气。④ 生词解析：

billboard [ˈbɪlˌbɔːd] 用作名词，表示A billboard is a very large board on which advertising is displayed. 广告牌 

headquarter表示“总部”大家都知道，我们这里积累三个关于headquarters的常见词组： 

FBI Headquarter 美国联邦调查总部
UN Headquarter 联合国总部
CCB Headquarter 中国建设银行总行

visage [ˈvɪzɪdʒ] 用作名词，表示Someone's visage is their face. 面容；脸例如：
...his milky-white innocent visage.
...他那张雪白而天真的脸。

memoir [ˈmɛmwɑː] 用作名词，表示a biography or historical account, esp one based on personal knowledge 回忆录unglamorous

[ʌnˈɡlæmərəs] 用作形容词，表示lacking in glamour, allure, or fascination 缺乏魅力的例如：
Bruce's office is utilitarian and unglamorous.
布鲁斯的办公室实用而素淡。

penchant [ˈpɒŋʃɒŋ] 用作名词，表示If someone has a penchant for something, they have a special liking for it or a tendency to do it. 特别的喜好例如：
...a stylish woman with a penchant for dark glasses.
…一位对墨镜有特别喜好的时髦女子。

【第二部分：具体解释】 

Matters of gender bore her. Asked about her rise in a country run by men, she responds: “Men or women, few are up to the challenge.”That may be so. But Ms Dong represents a generation of Chinese women who have climbed higher than their sisters in South Korea or Japan. Fully 51 of the 89 self-made female billionaires on this year’s Hurun Rich List, a Who’s Who of the ultra-wealthy, are Chinese—well above China’s 20% share of the world’s women.性别问题让她感到厌烦。当被问及她是如何在一个由男性统治的国家中步步高升的，她说道：“无论男女，都很少有人能经受这一挑战。”或许确实如此。但相比于韩国和日本女性，董明珠所代表的一代中国女性确实取得了更高的成就。在今年《胡润全球白手起家女富豪榜》上榜的89位女性中，有51位来自中国，远远超过了中国在全球女性中所占的比例(20%)。

China’s include Wu Yajun, a property

mogul with a $10bn fortune; Cheng Xue of Foshan Haitian Flavouring & Food Company, known as “the soy-sauce queen”; and Li Haiyan and Shu Ping, co-founders of Haidilao, a chain of hotpot restaurants. Ms Dong, with a net worth of 3bn yuan ($440m), does not make Hurun’s list.中国上榜的女富豪包括拥有100亿资产的房地产大亨吴亚军;佛山市海天味业的“酱油皇后”程雪;以及连锁火锅店海底捞的联合创始人李海燕和舒萍。拥有30亿元人民币(约合4.4亿美元)净资产的董明珠未能进入《胡润全球白手起家女富豪榜》。

① 句子结构分析：

a. Matters of gender（主语）bore（谓语）her（宾语）. Asked about her rise in a country run by men（状语）, she（主语）responds（谓语）: “Men or women（让步状语）, few（主语）are up to（谓语） the challenge（宾语）.”That（主语）may be（系动词）so（表语）. But Ms Dong（主语）represents（谓语）a generation of Chinese women（宾语） who have climbed higher than their sisters in South Korea or Japan（who引导的定语从句，修饰a generation of Chinese women）. Fully 51 of the 89 self-made female billionaires（主语）on this year’s Hurun Rich List（定语，修饰female billionaires）, a Who’s Who of the ultra-wealthy（同位语Hurun Rich List）, are（系动词） Chinese（表语）—well above China’s 20% share of the world’s women（比较状语）.

b. China’s（主语） include（谓语） Wu Yajun（宾语1）, a property mogul with a $10bn fortune（同位语）; Cheng Xue of Foshan Haitian Flavouring & Food Company（宾语2）, known as “the soy-sauce queen”（定语）; and Li Haiyan and Shu Ping（宾语3）, co-founders of Haidilao（Li Haiyan and Shu Ping同位语）, a chain of hotpot restaurants（Haidilao的同位语）. Ms Dong（主语）, with a net worth of 3bn yuan ($440m)（状语）, does not make（谓语）Hurun’s list（宾语）.

② 生词解析：

mogul [ˈməʊɡəl] 用作名词，表示A mogul is an important, rich, and powerful businessman, especially one in the news, film, or television industry. (尤指新闻、影视界的)大人物；大亨例如：
...an international media mogul.
...一位国际传媒大亨。

Hurun Rich List表示胡润富豪榜。是追踪记录中国企业家群体变化的权威机构，是由出生于欧洲卢森堡的英国注册会计师胡润先生于1999年创立的。是中国推出第一份财富排行榜，也是现在国内财经榜单里影响最大的一个榜单。1999年，胡润首创“百富榜”，此后编制了一系列具有突破性意义的排行榜。旗下拥有《胡润百富》杂志，及系列论坛和活动。2004年首创“胡润慈善榜”，慈善募捐已连续发布了十年，它旨在倡导企业家们关注慈善，积极回报社会。

A likelier explanation is China’s manufacturing boom, which afforded women unprecedented opportunities. In 1968 Mao Zedong enjoined female laborers to hold up “half the sky”; by the 1980s their labor-force participation hovered around 80%. Britain’s then stood at 60%, and America’s lower still. India, with a similar GDP per person to China at the time, barely managed 30%. Many successful Chinese businesswomen rose from the factory floor.一种可能的解释是，中国制造业的蓬勃发展为女性提供了前所未有的机遇。1968年，Mao说道，妇女能顶半边天；到了20世纪80年代，中国女性的劳动力参与率达到了80%左右。当时的英国为60%，而美国则更低。印度当时的人均GDP与中国相当，但女性的劳动力参与率仅勉强达到30%。许多成功的中国女商人都是从工厂里一步步爬上来的。

Economic

disparities between the sexes tend to narrow as countries grow richer. China's have widened, as privatizations in the 1990s prompted a sharper decline in the number of women than of men in the urban workforce and as women moved into lower-paying service jobs. Relative to that of men, female participation has been flat or falling every year since 2009, to 69%, similar to Japan and below Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Female wages, which were 17% below male wages in the early 1990s, are now 36% lower. A new Hurun list of 46 self-made billionaires under the age of 40 includes 16 Chinese founders, but just two—both of them wives in couples that launched internet platforms—are women.随着国家日益富裕，两性之间的经济差距往往会缩小。随着20世纪90年代私有化导致男性城市劳动力人数骤减，女性骤减更为剧烈，并且女性进入了薪酬较低的服务业，这些导致中国两性差距扩大。相较于男性，自2009年以来，女性参与率一直平缓或是每年下降并降至69%，此比例和日本相同，且低于越南、柬埔寨和老挝。20世纪90年代初期，女性工资比男性工资低17%，如今低36%。胡润新出炉了一份名单，46位白手起家的40岁以下亿万富翁名单中，有16位是中国创始人，但仅有两位是女性，而这两位女性都是互联网平台创始人的妻子。

① 句子结构分析：

a. A likelier explanation（主语）is（系动词）China’s manufacturing boom（表语）, which afforded women unprecedented opportunities（which引导的定语从句，修饰boom）. In 1968（时间状语） Mao Zedong（主语）enjoined（谓语）female laborers（宾语） to hold up “half the sky”（宾补）; by the 1980s（时间状语） their labor-force participation（主语） hovered（谓语）around 80%（状语）. Britain’s（主语）then stood（谓语）at 60%（状语）, and America’s（主语）（这里省略stood） lower（状语）still（状语）. India（主语）, with a similar GDP per person to China at the time（状语）, barely managed（谓语）30%（宾语）. Many successful Chinese businesswomen（主语）rose（谓语） from the factory floor（状语）.

b. Economic disparities（主语）between the sexes（定语，修饰主语） tend to narrow（谓语）as countries grow richer（时间状语从句）. China's（主语）have widened（谓语）, as privatizations in the 1990s prompted a sharper decline in the number of women than of men in the urban workforce and as women moved into lower-paying service jobs（as引导的时间状语从句）. Relative to that of men（状语）, female participation（主语） has been（系动词） flat（表语） or falling（谓语）every year since 2009（状语）, to 69%（状语）, similar to Japan and below Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos（比较状语）. Female wages（主语）, which were 17% below male wages in the early 1990s（which引导的定语从句，修饰Female wages）, are（系动词）now 36% lower（表语）. A new Hurun list of 46 self-made billionaires（主语） under the age of 40（定语，修饰46 self-made billionaires） includes（谓语）16 Chinese founders（宾语）, but just two（主语）—both of them wives in couples that launched internet platforms（two的同位语，其中that引导的定语从句，修饰couples）—are（系动词） women（表语）.

② 写作句型：

likelier是likely的比较级。likely一般用作形容词，表示You use likely to indicate that something is probably the case or will probably happen in a particular situation. 可能的例如：
Experts say a "yes" vote is still the likely outcome.
专家们表示投赞成票仍是可能的结果。

我们这里对“

可能性”作一下近义词辨析： 

liable: 指易于产生某种不利的结果，侧重偶然性，常表示警告或提醒
。

likely: 侧重可能性，用于指将来，预言希望或所不希望的结果。 

prone: 多用于人，着重其本性，或倾向于某种错误、弱点或不良行为等。

b. unprecedented [ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd] 用作形容词，表示If you describe something as unprecedented, you are emphasizing that it is very great in quality, amount, or scale. (质量、数量或规模) 空前的

例如：
The mission has been hailed as an unprecedented success.
这次使命已被宣布为一次空前的成功。“

空前的”除了可以用unprecedented，还可以用unparalleled和all-time来表示。例如：
The book has enjoyed a success unparalleled in recent publishing history.
这本书在近期出版史上是空前的成功。

我们这里对“

上涨”作一下近义词辨析： 

arise: 书面用词，多用于诗歌或比喻中，具有特殊的修辞色彩。 

在写作和翻译中，“

劳动力”还可以表示为labour。例如外文书籍中有这么一句话：
The point of automation is to reduce cost and labor.
自动化的意义就在于减少成本和劳动力。

hover [ˈhɒvə] 用作动词，表示If something such as a price, value, or score hovers around a particular level, it stays at more or less that level and does not change much. (价格、价值或分数等) 徘徊 (在某个水平上下)例如：
In September 1989 the exchange rate hovered around 140 yen to the dollar.
在1989年9月，汇率一直在140日元比1美元左右徘徊。

disparity [dɪˈspærɪtɪ] 用作名词，表示If there is a disparity between two or more things, there is a noticeable difference between them. 明显差异例如：
...the health disparities between ethnic and socio-economic groups in the U.S.
…美国各种族和社会经济群体之间明显的健康差异。

launch a low-cost "network computer."
…帮助公司推出一种低价“网络电脑”的强大同盟。

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