文章内容来源--《电子与通信技术专业英语》刘小芹、刘骋主编第4版
【原文】
Lesson 1 Knowing the Electronic Components
There are a large number of symbols which represent an equally large range of electronic components. It is important that you can recognize the more common components and understand what they actually do. A number of these components are drawn below and it is interesting to note that often there is more than one symbol representing the same type of component.
Resistors restrict the flow of electric current, for example, a resistor is placed in series with a light-emitting diode (LED) to limit the current passing through the LED. Fig.1-1 shows resistor example and circuit symbol.
Resistors may be connected either way round. They are not damaged by heat when soldering.
Capacitors store electric charge. They are often used in filter circuits because capacitors easily pass AC (changing) signals but they block DC (constant) signals. Fig.1-2 shows capacitor examples and circuit symbol.
An inductor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field. An inductor is a coil of wire with many windings, often wound around a core made of a magnetic material, like iron. Fig.1-3 shows inductor examples and circuit symbol.
Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early diodes were actually called valves. Fig.1-4 shows diode examples and circuit symbol.
There are two types of standard transistors, NPN and PNP, with different circuit symbols. The letters refer to the layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor. Fig.1-5 shows transistors examples and circuit symbols.
【翻译】
这些符号代表了绝大多数电子元件。能够识别更多的普通元件以及了解它们的实际用途是很重要的。下面画出了一些电子元件，有趣的是，一种类型的元件，常常可以用多种符号表示。
电阻阻碍电流的流动，例如，一个电阻与一个发光二级管LED串联来限制流过LED的电流。图1-1为电阻实物图和电路符号。
电阻可以连接在任一回路中。它们不会因焊接高温而损坏。
电容存储电荷。因为电容使交流信号容易通过而阻隔直流信号，所以它们经常被用在滤波电路中。图1-2为电容实物图和电路符号。
电感是一个无源电子元件，它以磁场的形式存储能量。电感是一个由电线缠绕了许多圈的线圈，经常缠绕在像铁这样的磁材料的磁芯上。图1-3为电感实物图和电路符号。
二极管允许电流仅从一个方向流过。电路符号的箭头指示了电流能流过的方向。二极管是真空管的电子版，实际上，早期的二极管就叫真空管。图1-4为二极管实物图和电路符号。
标准的晶体管有两种类型，NPN型和PNP型，它们的电路符号不同。字母（N和P）意味着制造晶体管的半导体材料的不同。图1-5为晶体管实物图和电路符号。
集成电路通常被称为IC或芯片。它们是固化在微小的半导体（硅）芯片上的复杂电路。该芯片被封装在一个塑料固定物上，引脚间距0.1″（2.54mm），这样的栅格适合带形板和面包板的孔距。在封装里面用非常纤细的导线连接芯片的引脚。图1-6为集成电路实物图。
LEDs必须连接正确的回路，电路图中可以标“a”或者“＋”表示阳极，标“k”或者“−”表示阴极。阴极是短的引脚并且在LEDs圆形体内可能是微小扁平的那端。图1-7为LED实物图和电路符号。
可变电阻器，蜂鸣器（麦克风），扬声器，保险丝，灯泡/灯丝，电动机，螺线管，开关。
【单词与短语】
【笔记】
1.There are a large number of symbols which represent an equally large range of electronic components.
2.It is important that you can recognize the more common components and understand what they actually do.
译文：能够识别越多的普通元件以及了解它们的实际用途是很重要的。
3.A number of these components are drawn below and it is interesting to note that often there is more than one symbol representing the same type of component.
译文：下面画出了许多电子元件，你会发现一个有趣的现象：经常会有不止一个符号可以代表相同类型的元件。
4.They are complex circuits which have been etched onto tiny chips of semiconductor (silicon). The chip is packaged in a plastic holder with pins spaced on a 0.1"(2.54mm) grid which will fit the holes on stripboard and breadboards.
译文：它们是固化在微小的半导体（硅）芯片上的复杂电路。该芯片被封装在一个塑料固定物上，引脚间距0.1"（2.54mm），这样的栅格将适合带形板和面包板的孔距。
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Echo寄语
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任何时间段，做事获得最大效率和充实感的方法是——“活在当下”。这既是一种方法，也是一种状态。超脱物质和杂念，静心做事，做当下事。
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