「重要」几乎是每一篇文章都会用到的词。而一谈到「重要」,很多同学脑子里冒出来的词都是important, important, important。
这个词本身没有任何问题。但如果你通篇只会用important,就完全暴露了词汇量的不足。
今天这篇文章,我会教给大家5组我从外刊里积累的可以用来替换important表达,不仅有词组,还有句型。大家仔细学习讲解,拿出小本本,做好笔记。
vital / pivotal / prominent
vital / pivotal / prominent 这组词是important的直接替换词,它们和important有什么不一样呢?到底能不能直接替换呢?我们来逐个讲解。
vital 这个词源自拉丁语的 vita。vita在拉丁语里是「生命」的意思。
因此形容词 vital 便表示「必要的,至关重要的,必不可少的」(extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or exist)。
我们从词根和英文解释可以看出来,这个词比important程度要深许多,相当于extremely important。
怎么用呢?vital 有两种既常见,又地道,且模板味儿又没那么重的用法:
be vital for / to sth 对...很重要
play a vital role in sth 在...中起重要作用
我们来看两个外刊例句:
《经济学人》一篇关于地摊经济的文章有这样一句话:
?On June 1st Li Keqiang, the prime minister, seemed to signal a change, declaring that street vendors were vital to the economy.
6月1日,李克强总理似乎释放出了改变的信号,他表示,街边小摊小贩对经济发展至关重要。
再比如《经济学人》中国专栏一篇关于三峡大坝的文章有这样一句话:
?Officials said it would play a vital role in taming a river which, when it flooded, often claimed hundreds or thousands of lives.
官员们表示,三峡大坝将在驯服河流方面发挥至关重要的作用,河流一旦泛滥,往往会夺去数百或数千人的生命。
以后我们想表达A对B很重要,就可以用A is vital to B,A plays a vital role in B 来替换A is important to B。
?️ pivotal
pivot 这个名词,是「中轴,中心,枢纽」的意思,形容词pivotal便可用来表示「中枢的;关键的」。英文解释为:extremely important and affecting how something develops。 这个词比important的程度也更深一些。
play a pivotal role in sth
《大西洋月刊》一篇关于大学作用的文章有这样一段话:
? Several generations ago, schools and universities played a pivotal role in preparing young people to engage in public affairs, from voting to debating issues of the day to volunteering, he said.
他说,几十年前,学校和大学在培养年轻人参与公共事务方面发挥了关键作用,涉及领域包括投票、时政辩论以及志愿服务。
再比如《大西洋月刊》一篇关于避孕的文章有这样一段话:
?Contraception plays a pivotal role in the financial, physical and emotional health of children, and data suggest that effective contraception and positive social outcomes are mutually reinforcing.
避孕在提升经济能力、未来子女身体和心理健康方面发挥着关键作用,数据表明有效避孕和社会向好发展相辅相成。
我们联系热点话题「气候变化」造个句:
Governments need to play a pivotal role in tackling climate change. 各国政府应该在抗击气候变化中起重要作用。
再比如谈到「家庭教育」,我们说:
父母对孩子的成长来说非常重要。
Parents play a pivotal role in the development of their children.
?️ prominent
prominent 表示「显著的;突出的」,英文解释为:very well known and important。短语 play a prominent role in sth 也可表示「在...中发挥了重要作用」。
我们来看一些例句:
比如《中国日报》一篇关于零工经济的文章有这样一句话:
?With the pandemic raging globally, disrupting people's lives and economies, flexible employment in China has demonstrated unique advantages. It has played a more prominent role in preventing and controlling the pandemic and in the country's efforts to resume work and production.
在疫情全球肆虐、人们生产生活受到严重干扰的大背景下,中国的灵活上班制度展现了其独特优势,并在国内疫情防控、恢复生产方面发挥了更加重要的作用。
?Region played a prominent role in his development.
While it is recognised that home and societal factors play a prominent role both in the cause and in the prevention of bullying, the role of the school in preventative work is also crucial and cannot be underestimated.
be vital / pivotal to sth
play a vital / pivotal / prominent role in sth
indispensable / irreplaceable / integral
这组词的基本含义都是「必不可少的」,既然不必可少,当然非常重要,因此这组词也可以替换important。我们来逐个讲解。
indispensable [ˌɪn.dɪˈspensəbl ̩] 为形容词,指「必不可少的,不可或缺的」。
电影《傲慢与偏见》有一句经典的台词,就用到indispensable这个词:
be indispensable for / to sth 对...来说很重要/不可或缺
play an indispensable role in sth 对...来说很重要/不可或缺
become an indispensable part in sth 成为...中必不可少的一部分
我们来看一些例句:
电影《成为简·奥斯汀》里有这样一句话:
?Wisley is indispensable to my happiness.
这句话按字面直译便是:卫斯理对我的幸福来说必不可少。
考研英语二的真题里也考过这个词:
?“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.
他说道:“懒散不仅是一次休假,一种放纵,或一个恶习;它对于我们的大脑来说还是不或缺的,就像维生素D对于身体一样......矛盾的是,‘懒散’对于完成任何工作来说都是必要的。”
疫情时代,视频会议平台风生水起,《时代周刊》在描述视频会议软件Zoom时就写了这样一句话:
?The company insisted that its technology was becoming indispensable for companies and consumers while they shift towards hybrid models of work and study, in person and from home.
公司坚持称,其技术对公司和个人用户发挥着越来越重要作用,因为他们正(因疫情)转为“单位+家”这种混合工作模式。
再比如英国《卫报》一篇关于电子设备的文章,曾这样表达「手机对我们的日常生活很重要」:
Smartphones have become an indispensable part of our daily life.
?️ irreplaceable
irreplaceable 这个词由否定前缀 ir-+replace+-able 形容词构成后缀组合而来。
replace 这个动词大家都知道,表示「代替」,形容词irreplaceable 便表示「不能替代的,独一无二的」。
我们来看看英文释义:too special, valuable, or unusual to be replaced by anything else,尤其是因为太特殊或者太贵重而不可替代。这个词也能表示某事物的重要性。
比如《中国日报》一篇关于无人驾驶货车发展的文章有这样一句话:
?"5G plays an irreplaceable role in unmanned mining transportation," said Zheng Di, vice-president of Beijing Tage IDriver Technology Co, a provider of unmanned mining transportation solutions.
再比如《环球时报》在一篇关于中国稀土管制的文章中提到:
?Rare earths play an irreplaceable role in many fields such as electronic screens, optical fiber communications and superconducting materials.
稀土在电子屏、光纤通信、超导材料等诸多领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
? integral
integral 为形容词,本义是「必需的,不可缺少的」,强调构成整体所不可缺少的部分。我们也可以用来形容某个事物很重要。
be an integral part of sth
play an integral role in sth
比如《经济学人》一篇关于波斯文化的文章有这样一句话:
?Why wine is integral to Persian culture 为什么酒是波斯文化不可或缺的一部分
再比如《经济学人》一篇关于远程会议的文章有这样一句话:
?Love them or (more often) loathe them, powwows are an integral part of modern commerce.
不关你是喜欢或者(往往)憎恶会议,会议都是现代商业不可或缺的一部分。
我们来汇总一下这组词:
be indispensable / irreplaceable / integral to sth
play an indispensable / irreplaceable / integral role in sth
become an indispensable / integral part in sth
be a top priority / be high on the agenda
priority [praɪˈɒrəti] 指「优先事项;首要任务」(something that you think is more important than other things and should be dealt with first)。
a top priority 便表示「头等大事;当务之急」,可以替换我们熟悉的the most important thing,来表示最重要的事。
?A nationwide anti-fraud education campaign was launched by the Chinese authorities in 2019, after president Xi Jinping announced in a conference that fighting fraud was a “top priority” when it came to making people feel secure.
2019年,中国当局在全国范围发起了一场反诈骗教育行动。此前,中国国家主席习近平在一次会议上宣布,要让人民群众感到安全,打击诈骗是重中之重。
?Ensuring that our people have enough food remains a top priority for our government. We are resolved to ensure food security for our 1.4 billion people, and we know we can achieve this. 解决好吃饭问题始终是头等大事,我们一定要下力气也完全有能力保障好14亿人的粮食安全。
这个词尤其适合用于引出解决措施,教给大家一个万能句型:
To address this problem successfully, the top priority is to do sth.
比如谈到「环境污染」,我们可以说 :To address this problem successfully, the top priority is to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.
? be high on the agenda
agenda 指「日程,计划」,尤其是政府的日程、计划。be high on the agenda 在日程表上排前面,也可以表示「很重要」。
袁隆平院士逝世后,联合国秘书长表示,食品安全是全球重要议题,袁隆平帮助数亿人改善了温饱问题,值得所有人的尊敬:
?Food security is an issue that remains on top of the global agenda, and we all should be honouring his work.
?《纽约时报》在形容两国贸易博弈时,也用了这个词组:
Keeping trade between two of the world's biggest exporters buoyant seems to be high on the agenda. 维持世界两大出口国间的贸易往来似乎已成为最重要的议题。
be high on the agenda 在时政相关的文章里出现频率比较高,平常的作文更推荐大家使用be a top priority,适用范围更广一些。
It is hard to overstate the importance of sth
overstate 是「夸张,言过其实」的意思。
It is hard to overstate the importance of sth.
The importance of sth is hard to overstate.
很难夸大某事物的重要性,也就是某事物的重要性再怎么说也不为过,也可以用来表示「某事物很重要」。
这句话提炼自《经济学人》一篇关于丰田汽车的文章:
It Is hard to overstate the importance of Toyota in Japan's business psyche.
丰田汽车在日本商业精神中的重要性,再怎么说都不为过。
这句话就可以完美替换市面上已经模板化的表达:The importance of sth cannot be overstated.
再举个例子:儿童幼年期的重要性怎么强调也不为过。
The importance of a child’s early years is hard to overstate
matter 和 count 这两个词也是外刊中的高频小词儿。sth matters / counts 表示「某事物很重要」,可以完美替换sth is important。
比如:第一印象很重要。
First appearance is important.
? First appearance matters / counts.
我们再来看《老友记》里的一个句子:
如果要说「某事对某人很重要」,应该用介词 to。
比如《纽约时报》一篇讲如何写作文的文章中有这样一句话:
If the subject doesn’t matter to you, it won’t matter to the reader. 如果那个话题对你来说不重要,那么你的读者也不会觉得它重要。
关于 sth matter / counts还有两个很好用的句型 :
1. It is not A that matters / counts but B. 重要的是 B,而不 是 A。
比如:重要的不是外貌,而是内心。
It is not the appearance that matters but the inner world of a person.
2. Almost nothing matters more for A than B.
这是一个极比句型,对A来说,几乎没有什么比B更重要了,也就是B对A来说最重要。almost 别漏掉,almost 表示「几乎」,用上这个词能让语气没那么绝对,更严谨一些。
这句话提炼自《经济学人》一篇疫情对于教育影响的文章:
?However, almost nothing matters more for a good life tomorrow than a good education today.
然而,对于明天的美好生活来说,几乎没有什么比今天的良好教育更重要。
大家只需要替换掉A和B这两个名词,就可以写出来一个非常漂亮的句子。或者我们也可以直接说Almost nothing matters more than sth.
我们再拿教育话题造个句:
Many factors shape a child’s success, but in schools almost nothing matters than the quality of teaching.
In schools, almost nothing matters for a child's success than the quality of teaching.
汇总一下我们这篇文章学到的可以替换important的表达:
be vital / pivotal to sth
play a vital / pivotal / prominent role in sth
be indispensable / irreplaceable / integral to sth
play an indispensable / irreplaceable / integral role in sth
become an indispensable / integral part in sth
To address this problem successfully, the top priority is to do sth.
It is hard to overstate the importance of sth.
The importance of sth is hard to overstate.
Almost nothing matters more for A than B.
Almost nothing matters more than B.
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