铁路儿童客票 train tickets for children
国家铁路局《铁路旅客运输规程（征求意见稿）》近日发布，铁路客票儿童票购票标准拟以年龄划分。
Children between 6 and 14 years old who purchase tickets in a real-name-based ticket system are eligible for discount tickets, and those above 14 years old are required to pay full price.
实行车票实名制的，年满6周岁且未满14周岁的儿童可以购买儿童优惠票；年满14周岁的儿童，应购买全价票。
第四届中国国际进口博览会 the fourth China International Import Expo
第四届中国国际进口博览会于11月5日至10日在上海举行。
The total exhibition area of this year’s CIIE will be further expanded to 366,000 square meters. Over 80 percent of Fortune Global 500 and industrial leaders who participated in the fair last year will return for the fourth CIIE.
本届进博会总展览面积进一步扩容，达到36.6万平方米。世界500强和行业龙头企业参展回头率超过80%。
国家最高科学技术奖 State Preeminent Science and Technology Award
11月3日上午，2020年度国家科学技术奖励大会在北京人民大会堂隆重召开。
Two scientists, aircraft designer Gu Songfen and nuclear expert Wang Dazhong, won China’s top science award for their outstanding contributions to scientific and technological innovation.
飞机设计大师顾诵芬和核能科学家王大中因在科技创新中的突出贡献荣获国家最高科学技术奖。
长三角地区 the Yangtze River Delta region
在长三角一体化发展上升为国家战略三周年之际，国新办11月4日举行新闻发布会，介绍这一国家战略实施的进展情况。
China’s Yangtze River Delta region has generally become a strong and active growth engine to the country’s economic development, as the region’s GDP contribution continued to rally, according to the country’s top economic planner.
长三角地区对全国经济贡献率持续提高，全国发展强劲活跃增长极基本形成。
中国女航天员首次出舱 the first extravehicular activities (EVAs) in Chinese space history involving a female taikonaut
据中国载人航天工程办公室消息，神舟十三号航天员乘组于北京时间11月7日进行首次出舱活动，航天员翟志刚、王亚平进行舱外作业，航天员叶光富在舱内配合支持。
The event was the third extravehicular mission conducted during the construction of the country’s space station and the first by the Shenzhou XIII crew. It also marks the first extravehicular activities (EVAs) in Chinese space history involving a female taikonaut.
这是中国载人航天工程空间站阶段第三次航天员出舱活动，是神舟十三号航天员乘组首次出舱活动，也是中国航天史上首次有女航天员参加的出舱活动。
碳减排支持工具 carbon-reduction supporting tool
The People’s Bank of China will provide low-cost loans for financial institutions through the carbon-reduction supporting tool, and will guide those institutions, on the premise of independent decision-making and risk-taking, to provide loans to firms in key carbon-reduction fields. The loan interest rates provided by the financial institutions should be basically in line with the benchmark lending rates, or the loan prime rates.
中国人民银行将通过碳减排支持工具向金融机构提供低成本资金，引导金融机构在自主决策、自担风险的前提下，向碳减排重点领域内的各类企业一视同仁提供碳减排贷款，贷款利率应与同期限档次贷款市场报价利率（LPR）大致持平。
地下水管理 groundwater management
国务院总理李克强日前签署国务院令，公布《地下水管理条例》。
The new regulation, which will take effect on Dec 1, has set out specific rules for groundwater in the areas of survey and planning, conservation and protection, over-exploitation treatment, pollution control, and supervision and management.
《条例》从调查与规划、节约与保护、超采治理、污染防治、监督管理等方面作出规定。自2021年12月1日起施行。
技工院校毕业生 graduates from technical schools
人社部近日印发的《技工教育“十四五”规划》明确，“十四五”期间，我国将持续提升技工院校毕业生待遇。
In the 2021-2025 period, China plans to keep the number of students at technical schools above 3.6 million and the employment rate for graduates above 97 percent, said the plan. By 2025, China expects to have provided over 20 million vocational training sessions to enterprise employees and key employment groups, as well as training more than 2 million highly-skilled personnel.
《规划》提出，“十四五”期间，技工院校在校生规模保持在360万人以上，毕业生就业率保持在97%以上；到2025年，面向企业职工和就业重点群体开展职业培训2000万人次以上，累计培养培训高技能人才200万人以上。
“零碳”供暖 carbon-free heating
近日，北方多个城市已经开始供暖，传统的集中供暖往往采用燃煤供暖技术，现在国内诞生了首座“零碳”供暖城市。
The urban area of Haiyang, Shandong province, has started using heat generated by a nuclear power plant this winter, making it the first Chinese city to have carbon-free heating.
山东省海阳市成为全国首个“零碳”供暖城市，城区居民今冬全部用上了核能供热。
数据分类分级保护制度 a category- and class-based data protection system
国家网信办近日公布《网络数据安全管理条例（征求意见稿）》（以下称为《意见稿》），并向社会公开征求意见。
According to the regulations, the country shall establish a category- and class-based data protection system. The data will be classified as common, important, and core on account of its importance to national security, public interests, as well as the legitimate rights and interests of relevant individuals or organizations, said the draft regulations. Different protection measures based on the classifications will be imposed.
《意见稿》指出，国家建立数据分类分级保护制度。按照数据对国家安全、公共利益或者个人、组织合法权益的影响和重要程度，将数据分为一般数据、重要数据、核心数据，不同级别的数据采取不同的保护措施。
学科类校外培训 curriculum-based academic training
教育部日前印发《义务教育阶段校外培训项目分类鉴别指南》（以下简称《指南》），从培训目的、培训内容等多个维度明确了义务教育阶段校外培训项目分类鉴别依据。
The Ministry of Education has asked local education authorities to differentiate academic tutoring companies from non-academic ones to prevent institutions from conducting curriculum-based training under the guise of non-academic tutoring.
教育部指导各地加强学科类校外培训项目鉴别工作，防范校外培训机构假借非学科类培训项目实际开展学科类培训服务等问题。
北京冬奥会运动员菜单 menu for athelets at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics
北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会运动员菜单近日正式发布，来自世界各地的特色菜品“拼盘”成“舌尖上的冬奥”，向世界各地的冰雪健儿发出诚挚邀请。
Organizers of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games have released a menu of 678 dishes that will be served during the Games to athletes from diverse cultural backgrounds. The menu, approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), was designed to meet the different dietary needs of athletes, while also taking religious diversity into consideration, said the organizers.
北京2022年冬奥组委近日发布运动员菜单，共678道特色菜品。菜单制定充分考虑不同口味、不同文化背景、不同宗教的运动员的特定需求，已获国际奥委会审核同意。
媒体签证 visas for journalists
中美双方在11月16日元首视频会晤前，就媒体问题达成三项共识。在11月17日举行的外交部例行记者会上，发言人赵立坚应询对此作进一步介绍。
中方高度重视媒体问题，一直尽最大努力为包括美国在内的外国记者在华依法依规报道提供协助、便利和服务。与此同时，对美方对中国驻美媒体的歧视性做法予以明确反对。
China places great importance on the issue of media and has been doing its utmost to provide assistance, convenience and service to foreign journalists, including American journalists, in their reporting that is conducted in accordance with laws and regulations. In the meantime, we are unequivocally opposed to discriminatory practice on the US side against Chinese media in the US.
党的二十大代表选举 election of the delegates for the 20th National Congress of the CPC
最近，中共中央印发了《关于党的二十大代表选举工作的通知》，对二十大代表选举工作作出全面部署。中央组织部近日召开会议，对这项工作作出具体安排。
党的十九届六中全会决定，党的二十大于2022年下半年在北京召开。
The Communist Party of China (CPC) will convene its 20th National Congress in Beijing in the second half of 2022, the 19th CPC Central Committee decided at its sixth plenary session earlier this month.
代办级 the chargé d’affaires level
11月18日，立陶宛不顾中方严正抗议和反复交涉，允许台湾当局设立“驻立陶宛台湾代表处”。此举公然在国际上制造“一中一台”，背弃立方在两国建交公报中所作政治承诺，损害中国主权和领土完整，粗暴干涉中国内政。中方对此表示强烈不满和严正抗议，决定将中立两国外交关系降为代办级。
On November 18, Lithuania, in disregard of China’s strong protest and repeated representations, allowed the Taiwan authorities to set up a “Taiwanese Representative Office in Lithuania”. This act openly creates the false impression of “one China, one Taiwan” in the world, renounces the political commitment made by Lithuania in the communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China, undermines China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, and grossly interferes in China’s internal affairs. The Chinese side expresses its strong indignation and protest against this move, and decides to downgrade its diplomatic relations with Lithuania to the chargé d’affaires level.
中美混双 Chinese and US mixed double
根据国际乒联消息，中国乒乓球协会联合美国乒乓球协会向国际乒联提交了允许中美混双配队参赛的申请。国际乒联执行委员会11月21日召开会议并批准了该请求。
Chinese and US players will team up in the mixed doubles competition at the 2021 Houston World Table Tennis Championships, said the International Table Tennis Federation.Chinese player Lin Gaoyuan will partner with US player Lily Zhang, and US player Kanak Jha will partner with Chinese player Wang Manyu.
国际乒联宣布，中美选手将跨国配对出战2021年休斯敦世乒赛混双比赛。中国选手林高远将搭档美国选手张安，美国选手卡纳克将搭档中国选手王曼昱。
航天功勋奖章 Space Service Medal
中共中央、国务院、中央军委11月23日发布关于给聂海胜、刘伯明、汤洪波颁发航天功勋奖章的决定。
The Communist Party of China Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission issued a joint statement saying that the top authorities had conferred a First-class Space Service Medal on Nie Haisheng, a Second-class Space Service Medal on Liu Boming and a Third-class Space Service Medal on Tang Hongbo. Tang was also named a “Heroic Astronaut”, an honorary title Nie and Liu have already received.
中共中央、国务院、中央军委决定，给聂海胜同志颁发“一级航天功勋奖章”，给刘伯明同志颁发“二级航天功勋奖章”，授予汤洪波同志“英雄航天员”荣誉称号并颁发“三级航天功勋奖章”。聂海胜和刘伯明此前已获得“英雄航天员”荣誉称号。
三位航天员均为空军一级飞行员出身，聂海胜和刘伯明为少将军衔，汤洪波为大校军衔。
近日，国家卫健委等十五部门联合印发《母乳喂养促进行动计划（2021-2025年）》。
China will promote breastfeeding over the next five years by improving hospitals’ consultancy services, public support facilities and protecting women’s working rights during lactation.
未来五年，我国将通过强化医院咨询服务、公共设施建设以及保护哺乳期女职工权益等措施促进母乳喂养。
自动驾驶出行服务商业化试点 test run of robotaxi paid service
11月25日，北京市高级别自动驾驶示范区工作办公室公布北京正式开放首个自动驾驶出行服务商业化试点，并发布了配套管理政策。
Tech giant Baidu Inc and self-driving startup Pony.ai are the first pair of enterprises granted permission to offer paid services and provide up to 100 self-driving vehicles for commercial pilot services within an area of 60 square kilometers in the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone.
科技巨头百度和自动驾驶初创企业小马智行成为首批获许开展商业化试点服务的企业，现阶段将在北京经开区60平方公里范围，投入不超过100辆自动驾驶车辆开展商业化试点服务。
年度弹幕 trending bullet comment of the year
11月29日，哔哩哔哩(以下简称B站)与人民文学出版社、中国社会科学院新闻与传播研究所联合发布2021年度弹幕“破防了”。
“弹幕”是近几年兴起的一种新的评论形式，指视频播放时观众的实时评论像子弹一样在屏幕上穿梭（real-time comments from viewers fly across the screen like bullets while a video is playing），这样的“弹幕评论”在英语中一般用bullet comments表示，如果视频播放时弹幕评论很多，占据了整个屏幕，就形成了bullet screen（弹幕）。
在英语中，我们可以根据不同的语境用I was moved to tears, I’m overwhelmed,This really got me或者I’m shook来表达“破防了”。
“NFT”当选《柯林斯词典》2021年度词汇。NFT是non-fungible token的缩写，中文翻译为“非同质化代币”，是记录数字资产所有权的唯一数字标识符。柯林斯表示，NFT在2021年的使用率增长了110000%。
NFT is an abbreviation for non-fungible token, which according to the dictionary is “a unique digital certificate, registered in a blockchain, that is used to record ownership of an asset such as an artwork or a collectible.”
NFT是non-fungible token的缩写，据《柯林斯词典》解释，这个词指的是“在区块链中注册的唯一数字证书，用于记录艺术品或收藏品等资产的所有权。”
《剑桥词典》日前宣布，2021年度词汇是perseverance（毅力）。
The word was inspired by Nasa’s mission to Mars, as data showed that users across the globe searched for the word online more than 243,000 times throughout the year.
该词的当选得益于美国宇航局的火星任务，数据显示，全球用户从年初至今对“毅力”一词的网络搜索量超过了24.3万次。
2021年与疫苗相关的词汇更加频繁出现，而“vax”（疫苗，接种疫苗）也被《牛津英语词典》评选为2021年度词汇。
Words related to vaccines have spiked in frequency in 2021 due to Covid, with double-vaxxed, unvaxxed and anti-vaxxer all seeing a surge in use.
由于新冠肺炎疫情，2021年与疫苗相关的词汇更加频繁出现，“接种过两剂疫苗的”、“未接种疫苗的”和“反对疫苗人士”这些词汇的使用频率骤增。
OED senior editor Fiona McPherson says vax was an obvious choice as it has made “the most striking impact”.
《牛津英语词典》高级编辑菲奥娜·麦克弗森称，“VAX”是最合适的选择，因为这个词的“影响是最大的”。
来源：中国日报。版权归原作者所有，仅供学习与研究，如果侵权，请及时联系我们尽快删除。）
