看看英国《卫报》是如何报道新冠变种病毒OMICRON(奥密克戎)的?

写在前面:

一个周末,新冠疫情又有大新闻,最新变种病毒奥密克戎(Omicron)迅速传播,远超此前发现的德尔塔变种病毒,给各国的疫情防控带来更大的挑战。今天我们就来看看英国《卫报》的报道,《卫报》主要从四个方面介绍了奥密克戎最新变种病毒,我们一起精读来学习。

看看英国《卫报》是如何报道新冠变种病毒OMICRON(奥密克戎)的?

先来看看NBC的最新报道,小伙伴们是不是都能听的懂,可以后台告诉我。

精读
What is it called?

The variant was initially referred to as B.1.1.529, but on Friday was designated as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization because of its “concerning” mutations and because “preliminary evidence suggests an increased risk of reinfection with this variant”. The WHO system assigns such variants a Greek letter, to provide a non-stigmatising label that does not associate new variants with the location where they were first detected. The new variant has been called Omicron.

该变种病毒最初被称为B.1.1.529,但由于其“令人”的突变以及“初步证据表明,再次感染该变种病毒的风险增加”,周五世界卫生组织将其指定为值得关注的变异(VOC)。世卫组织系统为这些变异体分配了一个希腊字母,以提供一个非污名化的标签,该标签不会将新的变异与其第一次被检测到的地点联系起来。这种新的变种被称为奥密克戎(Omicron)。

第①段先介绍了什么是Omicron?

这段话的核心词就是variant,作名词,表示“变体;变种;变形”,可用作复数,这里说的意思就是“变种病毒”,这也是新冠疫情发生后,经常听到的一个说法。这个词也可作形容词,表示“不同的;有差别的;变异的”。

refer to,表示“指的是”,经常在各类考试的阅读题干中出现,比如:

What does the underlined word XX refer to in paragraph 5?

第五段的画横线的单词XX是什么意思?

在来看看《金融时报》曾经讲到996问题时,有一句话:

Generally speaking, “naked resignation” refer to those people who quit their job without having another job lined up.

一般来说,“裸辞”指的是那些还没有找到新工作就辞职的人。

回到文中来,这里指出最新的变种病毒初步命名是B.1.1.529.

文中接下来提到了世界卫生组织对该变种病毒的担忧。

designate,作动词,表示“指定,选定;委派”,常用被动形式,be designated as.

举个例子:

Thompson has been designated as team captain.

汤姆森被指定为队长。

mutation,作名词,表示“(基因的)变异,突变”。

最后指出了世界卫生组织对于变种病毒命名的规则。

The WHO system assigns such variants a Greek letter, to provide a non-stigmatising label that does not associate new variants with the location where they were first detected.

这里用such来表示“这一类的”,作形容词。

《经济学人》曾经有一篇文章讲到了学生参加夏令营竞争日益激烈的话题,里面有一句话:

Such programmes are proliferating in many countries.

在很多国家,这样的项目越来增多。

letter, 除了表示“信件”之外,还有“字母”的意思,比如:the letter D字母D。

希腊字母逗号后,是目的状语:provide a non-stigmatising label-以提供一个非污名化的标签。

stigmatise, 作动词,表示“侮辱、污名”。我们在外交部记者会经常看到这个词:

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a handful of American politicians attempt to disseminate narratives that stigmatize China to shift their own responsibility for the botched response at home. This has aided and abetted the surging hate crimes targeting people of Chinese and other Asian descent.

疫情期间,美国少数政客妄图通过散布针对中国的污名化论调推卸抗疫不力的责任,为美国社会针对包括华裔在内的亚裔群体的仇恨犯罪案件飙升起了推波助澜作用。

回到文中来,在a non-stigmatising label后是that定语从句,进一步说明了非污名化标签。定语从句又嵌套一个where定语从句,修饰了location.

 

When was the Omicron variant first detected?

The B.1.1.529 variant was identified on Tuesday and highlighted as a concern due to its high number of mutations, which could lead it to evade immunity. It was also linked to a surge in case numbers in the Gauteng province of South Africa, an urban area containing Pretoria and Johannesburg, in the past two weeks. These two factors put it quickly on the radar of international monitors, with the chief medical adviser to the UK Health and Security Agency describing the variant as the “most worrying we’ve seen”.

周二,B.1.1.529变种被发现,由于其大量突变,可能导致其逃避免疫,因此成为一个备受关注让人担忧的问题。这也与过去两周南非豪登省(包含比勒陀利亚和约翰内斯堡的城区)病例数量激增有关。这两个因素很快就引起了国际监测人员的注意,英国卫生与安全局首席医疗顾问称这是“我们见过最令人担忧的”变种病毒。

第②段讲了最新的奥米克戎变种病毒是什么时候检测出来的?

第一句首先给出了该变种病毒第一次被发现的时间和地点。

 The B.1.1.529 variant was identified on Tuesday-周二,B.1.1.529的变种被发现。

然后指出了这种病毒引起担忧。为什么引起担忧呢?之后的due to its high number of mutations给出了原因-由于其大量突变,然后继续接一个定语从句which could lead it to evade immunity,说明了突变阿导致逃避免疫,所以才引发人们的担忧。

evade,作动词,表示“to avoid or escape from someone or something”,指“逃脱,躲开;回避,逃避”。

举个例子:

The police have assured the public that the escaped prisoners will not evade recapture for long.

警方向公众保证,逃犯很快就会再次落网。

第二句则说明了奥米克龙变种病毒首次发现的地点。

It was also linked to a surge in case numbers in the Gauteng province of South Africa, an urban area containing Pretoria and Johannesburg, in the past two weeks. -这也与过去两周南非豪登省(包含比勒陀利亚和约翰内斯堡的城区)病例数量激增有关。

第三句进一步指出了首次被发现的最新变种病毒引起全球高度警觉。

These two factors put it quickly on the radar of international monitors, with the chief medical adviser to the UK Health and Security Agency describing the variant as the “most worrying we’ve seen”.

radar, 我们都知道表示 “雷达”,从雷达的作用,我们可以在文中引申理解为”引起…的注意”。

这句话也可以提炼一个写作句型:

These factors put it quickly on the radar of XX.

我们来造个句子:

 

This year's global extreme climate and the COVID-19 epidemic are intertwined, and these two factors put them on the radar of governments across the world.

今年的全球极端气候和新冠肺炎疫情交织在一起,这两个因素受到世界各国政府的关注。

 

回到文中来,之后是一个with引导的独立主格部分,with+主语+V+ing形式。

 

Why are scientists worried about it?

The variant has more than 30 mutations on its spike protein – the key used by the virus to unlock our body’s cells – more than double the number carried by Delta. Such a dramatic change has raised concerns that the antibodies from previous infections or vaccination may no longer be well matched. Purely based on knowing the list of mutations, scientists anticipate that the virus will be more likely to infect – or reinfect – people who have immunity to earlier variants.

这种变种在其刺突蛋白(刺突蛋白是病毒用来解锁人体细胞的钥匙)上有30多个突变,是德尔塔病毒携带量的两倍多。如此巨大的变化引起了人们的担忧,以前感染或接种产生的抗体可能不再相匹配。纯粹基于已知的突变列表,科学家们预计,该病毒更有可能感染--或再次感染--对早期变异有免疫力的人。

第③段讲了科学家担心的理由。

spike protein,表示刺突蛋白。这是个生物术语,spike,表示“尖头,尖刺;(尤指金属的)尖状物”。这样就不难理解这个术语了。

最后再来看看第四部分,给出了译文,供小伙伴学习。

Will existing vaccines work against it?

Scientists are concerned by the number of mutations and the fact some of them have already been linked to an ability to evade existing immune protection. These are theoretical predictions, though, and studies are rapidly being conducted to test how effectively antibodies neutralise the new variant. Real-world data on reinfection rates will also give a clearer indication on the extent of any change in immunity.

Scientists do not expect that the variant will be entirely unrecognisable to existing antibodies, just that current vaccines may give less protection. So a crucial objective remains to increase vaccination rates, including third doses for at-risk groups.

科学家们感到担忧的是突变的数量以及其中一些突变已经被认为与逃避现有免疫保护的能力有关。不过,这些只是理论上的预测,目前研究正在迅速进行,以测试抗体如何有效地中和新变种。关于再感染率的真实数据也将更清楚地表明免疫力任何变化程度。
科学家们并不认为这种变种会对现有抗体完全不识别,只是目前疫苗提供的保护作用可能较弱。因此,一个关键的目标仍然是提高疫苗接种率,包括为高危人群接种第三剂疫苗。

第④段讲了现有疫苗是否还有效。

via 中环双语外刊精读